**refactor(auth): use customizable HTTP client for Antigravity requests**

- Replaced `http.DefaultClient` with a configurable `http.Client` instance for Antigravity OAuth flow methods.
- Updated `exchangeAntigravityCode` and `fetchAntigravityUserInfo` to accept `httpClient` as a parameter.
- Added `util.SetProxy` usage to initialize the `httpClient` with proxy support.

README.md

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Get 10% OFF GLM CODING PLAN：https://z.ai/subscribe?ic=8JVLJQFSKB
 - Claude Code support via OAuth login
 - Qwen Code support via OAuth login
 - iFlow support via OAuth login
+- Amp CLI and IDE extensions support with provider routing
 - Streaming and non-streaming responses
 - Function calling/tools support
 - Multimodal input support (text and images)
@@ -48,6 +49,17 @@ CLIProxyAPI Guides: [https://help.router-for.me/](https://help.router-for.me/)
 
 see [MANAGEMENT_API.md](https://help.router-for.me/management/api)
 
+## Amp CLI Support
+
+CLIProxyAPI includes integrated support for [Amp CLI](https://ampcode.com) and Amp IDE extensions, enabling you to use your Google/ChatGPT/Claude OAuth subscriptions with Amp's coding tools:
+
+- Provider route aliases for Amp's API patterns (`/api/provider/{provider}/v1...`)
+- Management proxy for OAuth authentication and account features
+- Smart model fallback with automatic routing
+- Security-first design with localhost-only management endpoints
+
+**→ [Complete Amp CLI Integration Guide](docs/amp-cli-integration.md)**
+
 ## SDK Docs
 
 - Usage: [docs/sdk-usage.md](docs/sdk-usage.md)

README_CN.md

@@ -48,6 +48,17 @@ CLIProxyAPI 用户手册： [https://help.router-for.me/](https://help.router-fo
 
 请参见 [MANAGEMENT_API_CN.md](https://help.router-for.me/cn/management/api)
 
+## Amp CLI 支持
+
+CLIProxyAPI 已内置对 [Amp CLI](https://ampcode.com) 和 Amp IDE 扩展的支持，可让你使用自己的 Google/ChatGPT/Claude OAuth 订阅来配合 Amp 编码工具：
+
+- 提供商路由别名，兼容 Amp 的 API 路径模式（`/api/provider/{provider}/v1...`）
+- 管理代理，处理 OAuth 认证和账号功能
+- 智能模型回退与自动路由
+- 以安全为先的设计，管理端点仅限 localhost
+
+**→ [Amp CLI 完整集成指南](docs/amp-cli-integration_CN.md)**
+
 ## SDK 文档
 
 - 使用文档：[docs/sdk-usage_CN.md](docs/sdk-usage_CN.md)

cmd/server/main.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
 	configaccess "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/access/config_access"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/buildinfo"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/cmd"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/logging"
@@ -41,13 +42,16 @@ var (
 // init initializes the shared logger setup.
 func init() {
 	logging.SetupBaseLogger()
+	buildinfo.Version = Version
+	buildinfo.Commit = Commit
+	buildinfo.BuildDate = BuildDate
 }
 
 // main is the entry point of the application.
 // It parses command-line flags, loads configuration, and starts the appropriate
 // service based on the provided flags (login, codex-login, or server mode).
 func main() {
-	fmt.Printf("CLIProxyAPI Version: %s, Commit: %s, BuiltAt: %s\n", Version, Commit, BuildDate)
+	fmt.Printf("CLIProxyAPI Version: %s, Commit: %s, BuiltAt: %s\n", buildinfo.Version, buildinfo.Commit, buildinfo.BuildDate)
 
 	// Command-line flags to control the application's behavior.
 	var login bool
@@ -55,8 +59,11 @@ func main() {
 	var claudeLogin bool
 	var qwenLogin bool
 	var iflowLogin bool
+	var iflowCookie bool
 	var noBrowser bool
+	var antigravityLogin bool
 	var projectID string
+	var vertexImport string
 	var configPath string
 	var password string
 
@@ -66,9 +73,12 @@ func main() {
 	flag.BoolVar(&claudeLogin, "claude-login", false, "Login to Claude using OAuth")
 	flag.BoolVar(&qwenLogin, "qwen-login", false, "Login to Qwen using OAuth")
 	flag.BoolVar(&iflowLogin, "iflow-login", false, "Login to iFlow using OAuth")
+	flag.BoolVar(&iflowCookie, "iflow-cookie", false, "Login to iFlow using Cookie")
 	flag.BoolVar(&noBrowser, "no-browser", false, "Don't open browser automatically for OAuth")
+	flag.BoolVar(&antigravityLogin, "antigravity-login", false, "Login to Antigravity using OAuth")
 	flag.StringVar(&projectID, "project_id", "", "Project ID (Gemini only, not required)")
 	flag.StringVar(&configPath, "config", DefaultConfigPath, "Configure File Path")
+	flag.StringVar(&vertexImport, "vertex-import", "", "Import Vertex service account key JSON file")
 	flag.StringVar(&password, "password", "", "")
 
 	flag.CommandLine.Usage = func() {
@@ -384,7 +394,7 @@ func main() {
 		log.Fatalf("failed to configure log output: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("CLIProxyAPI Version: %s, Commit: %s, BuiltAt: %s", Version, Commit, BuildDate)
+	log.Infof("CLIProxyAPI Version: %s, Commit: %s, BuiltAt: %s", buildinfo.Version, buildinfo.Commit, buildinfo.BuildDate)
 
 	// Set the log level based on the configuration.
 	util.SetLogLevel(cfg)
@@ -417,9 +427,15 @@ func main() {
 
 	// Handle different command modes based on the provided flags.
 
-	if login {
+	if vertexImport != "" {
+		// Handle Vertex service account import
+		cmd.DoVertexImport(cfg, vertexImport)
+	} else if login {
 		// Handle Google/Gemini login
 		cmd.DoLogin(cfg, projectID, options)
+	} else if antigravityLogin {
+		// Handle Antigravity login
+		cmd.DoAntigravityLogin(cfg, options)
 	} else if codexLogin {
 		// Handle Codex login
 		cmd.DoCodexLogin(cfg, options)
@@ -430,6 +446,8 @@ func main() {
 		cmd.DoQwenLogin(cfg, options)
 	} else if iflowLogin {
 		cmd.DoIFlowLogin(cfg, options)
+	} else if iflowCookie {
+		cmd.DoIFlowCookieAuth(cfg, options)
 	} else {
 		// In cloud deploy mode without config file, just wait for shutdown signals
 		if isCloudDeploy && !configFileExists {

config.example.yaml

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ ws-auth: false
 # Gemini API keys (preferred)
 #gemini-api-key:
 #  - api-key: "AIzaSy...01"
-#    # base-url: "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com"
-#    # headers:
-#    #   X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
-#    # proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080"
+#    base-url: "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com"
+#    headers:
+#      X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
+#    proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080"
 #  - api-key: "AIzaSy...02"
 
 # API keys for official Generative Language API (legacy compatibility)
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ ws-auth: false
 #codex-api-key:
 #  - api-key: "sk-atSM..."
 #    base-url: "https://www.example.com" # use the custom codex API endpoint
+#    headers:
+#      X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
 #    proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080" # optional: per-key proxy override
 
 # Claude API keys
@@ -71,6 +73,8 @@ ws-auth: false
 #  - api-key: "sk-atSM..." # use the official claude API key, no need to set the base url
 #  - api-key: "sk-atSM..."
 #    base-url: "https://www.example.com" # use the custom claude API endpoint
+#    headers:
+#      X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
 #    proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080" # optional: per-key proxy override
 #    models:
 #      - name: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022" # upstream model name
@@ -80,6 +84,8 @@ ws-auth: false
 #openai-compatibility:
 #  - name: "openrouter" # The name of the provider; it will be used in the user agent and other places.
 #    base-url: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1" # The base URL of the provider.
+#    headers:
+#      X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
 #    # New format with per-key proxy support (recommended):
 #    api-key-entries:
 #      - api-key: "sk-or-v1-...b780"
@@ -92,3 +98,17 @@ ws-auth: false
 #    models: # The models supported by the provider.
 #      - name: "moonshotai/kimi-k2:free" # The actual model name.
 #        alias: "kimi-k2" # The alias used in the API.
+
+#payload: # Optional payload configuration
+#  default: # Default rules only set parameters when they are missing in the payload.
+#    - models:
+#        - name: "gemini-2.5-pro" # Supports wildcards (e.g., "gemini-*")
+#          protocol: "gemini" # restricts the rule to a specific protocol, options: openai, gemini, claude, codex
+#      params: # JSON path (gjson/sjson syntax) -> value
+#        "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget": 32768
+#  override: # Override rules always set parameters, overwriting any existing values.
+#    - models:
+#        - name: "gpt-*" # Supports wildcards (e.g., "gpt-*")
+#          protocol: "codex" # restricts the rule to a specific protocol, options: openai, gemini, claude, codex
+#      params: # JSON path (gjson/sjson syntax) -> value
+#        "reasoning.effort": "high"

docker-compose.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ services:
       - "8085:8085"
       - "1455:1455"
       - "54545:54545"
+      - "51121:51121"
       - "11451:11451"
     volumes:
       - ./config.yaml:/CLIProxyAPI/config.yaml

docs/amp-cli-integration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+# Amp CLI Integration Guide
+
+This guide explains how to use CLIProxyAPI with Amp CLI and Amp IDE extensions, enabling you to use your existing Google/ChatGPT/Claude subscriptions (via OAuth) with Amp's CLI.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Overview](#overview)
+  - [Which Providers Should You Authenticate?](#which-providers-should-you-authenticate)
+- [Architecture](#architecture)
+- [Configuration](#configuration)
+- [Setup](#setup)
+- [Usage](#usage)
+- [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
+
+## Overview
+
+The Amp CLI integration adds specialized routing to support Amp's API patterns while maintaining full compatibility with all existing CLIProxyAPI features. This allows you to use both traditional CLIProxyAPI features and Amp CLI with the same proxy server.
+
+### Key Features
+
+- **Provider route aliases**: Maps Amp's `/api/provider/{provider}/v1...` patterns to CLIProxyAPI handlers
+- **Management proxy**: Forwards OAuth and account management requests to Amp's control plane
+- **Smart fallback**: Automatically routes unconfigured models to ampcode.com
+- **Secret management**: Configurable precedence (config > env > file) with 5-minute caching
+- **Security-first**: Management routes restricted to localhost by default
+- **Automatic gzip handling**: Decompresses responses from Amp upstream
+
+### What You Can Do
+
+- Use Amp CLI with your Google account (Gemini 3 Pro Preview, Gemini 2.5 Pro, Gemini 2.5 Flash)
+- Use Amp CLI with your ChatGPT Plus/Pro subscription (GPT-5, GPT-5 Codex models)
+- Use Amp CLI with your Claude Pro/Max subscription (Claude Sonnet 4.5, Opus 4.1)
+- Use Amp IDE extensions (VS Code, Cursor, Windsurf, etc.) with the same proxy
+- Run multiple CLI tools (Factory + Amp) through one proxy server
+- Route unconfigured models automatically through ampcode.com
+
+### Which Providers Should You Authenticate?
+
+**Important**: The providers you need to authenticate depend on which models and features your installed version of Amp currently uses. Amp employs different providers for various agent modes and specialized subagents:
+
+- **Smart mode**: Uses Google/Gemini models (Gemini 3 Pro)
+- **Rush mode**: Uses Anthropic/Claude models (Claude Haiku 4.5)
+- **Oracle subagent**: Uses OpenAI/GPT models (GPT-5 medium reasoning)
+- **Librarian subagent**: Uses Anthropic/Claude models (Claude Sonnet 4.5)
+- **Search subagent**: Uses Anthropic/Claude models (Claude Haiku 4.5)
+- **Review feature**: Uses Google/Gemini models (Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite)
+
+For the most current information about which models Amp uses, see the **[Amp Models Documentation](https://ampcode.com/models)**.
+
+#### Fallback Behavior
+
+CLIProxyAPI uses a smart fallback system:
+
+1. **Provider authenticated locally** (`--login`, `--codex-login`, `--claude-login`):
+   - Requests use **your OAuth subscription** (ChatGPT Plus/Pro, Claude Pro/Max, Google account)
+   - You benefit from your subscription's included usage quotas
+   - No Amp credits consumed
+
+2. **Provider NOT authenticated locally**:
+   - Requests automatically forward to **ampcode.com**
+   - Uses Amp's backend provider connections
+   - **Requires Amp credits** if the provider is paid (OpenAI, Anthropic paid tiers)
+   - May result in errors if Amp credit balance is insufficient
+
+**Recommendation**: Authenticate all providers you have subscriptions for to maximize value and minimize Amp credit usage. If you don't have subscriptions to all providers Amp uses, ensure you have sufficient Amp credits available for fallback requests.
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Request Flow
+
+```
+Amp CLI/IDE
+  ↓
+  ├─ Provider API requests (/api/provider/{provider}/v1/...)
+  │   ↓
+  │   ├─ Model configured locally?
+  │   │   YES → Use local OAuth tokens (OpenAI/Claude/Gemini handlers)
+  │   │   NO  → Forward to ampcode.com (reverse proxy)
+  │   ↓
+  │   Response
+  │
+  └─ Management requests (/api/auth, /api/user, /api/threads, ...)
+      ↓
+      ├─ Localhost check (security)
+      ↓
+      └─ Reverse proxy to ampcode.com
+          ↓
+          Response (auto-decompressed if gzipped)
+```
+
+### Components
+
+The Amp integration is implemented as a modular routing module (`internal/api/modules/amp/`) with these components:
+
+1. **Route Aliases** (`routes.go`): Maps Amp-style paths to standard handlers
+2. **Reverse Proxy** (`proxy.go`): Forwards management requests to ampcode.com
+3. **Fallback Handler** (`fallback_handlers.go`): Routes unconfigured models to ampcode.com
+4. **Secret Management** (`secret.go`): Multi-source API key resolution with caching
+5. **Main Module** (`amp.go`): Orchestrates registration and configuration
+
+## Configuration
+
+### Basic Configuration
+
+Add these fields to your `config.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+# Amp upstream control plane (required for management routes)
+amp-upstream-url: "https://ampcode.com"
+
+# Optional: Override API key (otherwise uses env or file)
+# amp-upstream-api-key: "your-amp-api-key"
+
+# Security: restrict management routes to localhost (recommended)
+amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: true
+```
+
+### Secret Resolution Precedence
+
+The Amp module resolves API keys using this precedence order:
+
+| Source | Key | Priority | Cache |
+|--------|-----|----------|-------|
+| Config file | `amp-upstream-api-key` | High | No |
+| Environment | `AMP_API_KEY` | Medium | No |
+| Amp secrets file | `~/.local/share/amp/secrets.json` | Low | 5 min |
+
+**Recommendation**: Use the Amp secrets file (lowest precedence) for normal usage. This file is automatically managed by `amp login`.
+
+### Security Settings
+
+**`amp-restrict-management-to-localhost`** (default: `true`)
+
+When enabled, management routes (`/api/auth`, `/api/user`, `/api/threads`, etc.) only accept connections from localhost (127.0.0.1, ::1). This prevents:
+- Drive-by browser attacks
+- Remote access to management endpoints
+- CORS-based attacks
+- Header spoofing attacks (e.g., `X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1`)
+
+#### How It Works
+
+This restriction uses the **actual TCP connection address** (`RemoteAddr`), not HTTP headers like `X-Forwarded-For`. This prevents header spoofing attacks but has important implications:
+
+- ✅ **Works for direct connections**: Running CLIProxyAPI directly on your machine or server
+- ⚠️ **May not work behind reverse proxies**: If deploying behind nginx, Cloudflare, or other proxies, the connection will appear to come from the proxy's IP, not localhost
+
+#### Reverse Proxy Deployments
+
+If you need to run CLIProxyAPI behind a reverse proxy (nginx, Caddy, Cloudflare Tunnel, etc.):
+
+1. **Disable the localhost restriction**:
+   ```yaml
+   amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: false
+   ```
+
+2. **Use alternative security measures**:
+   - Firewall rules restricting access to management routes
+   - Proxy-level authentication (HTTP Basic Auth, OAuth)
+   - Network-level isolation (VPN, Tailscale, Cloudflare Access)
+   - Bind CLIProxyAPI to `127.0.0.1` only and access via SSH tunnel
+
+3. **Example nginx configuration** (blocks external access to management routes):
+   ```nginx
+   location /api/auth { deny all; }
+   location /api/user { deny all; }
+   location /api/threads { deny all; }
+   location /api/internal { deny all; }
+   ```
+
+**Important**: Only disable `amp-restrict-management-to-localhost` if you understand the security implications and have other protections in place.
+
+## Setup
+
+### 1. Configure CLIProxyAPI
+
+Create or edit `config.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+port: 8317
+auth-dir: "~/.cli-proxy-api"
+
+# Amp integration
+amp-upstream-url: "https://ampcode.com"
+amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: true
+
+# Other standard settings...
+debug: false
+logging-to-file: true
+```
+
+### 2. Authenticate with Providers
+
+Run OAuth login for the providers you want to use:
+
+**Google Account (Gemini 2.5 Pro, Gemini 2.5 Flash, Gemini 3 Pro Preview):**
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --login
+```
+
+**ChatGPT Plus/Pro (GPT-5, GPT-5 Codex):**
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --codex-login
+```
+
+**Claude Pro/Max (Claude Sonnet 4.5, Opus 4.1):**
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --claude-login
+```
+
+Tokens are saved to:
+- Gemini: `~/.cli-proxy-api/gemini-<email>.json`
+- OpenAI Codex: `~/.cli-proxy-api/codex-<email>.json`
+- Claude: `~/.cli-proxy-api/claude-<email>.json`
+
+### 3. Start the Proxy
+
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --config config.yaml
+```
+
+Or run in background with tmux (recommended for remote servers):
+
+```bash
+tmux new-session -d -s proxy "./cli-proxy-api --config config.yaml"
+```
+
+### 4. Configure Amp CLI
+
+#### Option A: Settings File
+
+Edit `~/.config/amp/settings.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+  "amp.url": "http://localhost:8317"
+}
+```
+
+#### Option B: Environment Variable
+
+```bash
+export AMP_URL=http://localhost:8317
+```
+
+### 5. Login and Use Amp
+
+Login through the proxy (proxied to ampcode.com):
+
+```bash
+amp login
+```
+
+Use Amp as normal:
+
+```bash
+amp "Write a hello world program in Python"
+```
+
+### 6. (Optional) Configure Amp IDE Extension
+
+The proxy also works with Amp IDE extensions for VS Code, Cursor, Windsurf, etc.
+
+1. Open Amp extension settings in your IDE
+2. Set **Amp URL** to `http://localhost:8317`
+3. Login with your Amp account
+4. Start using Amp in your IDE
+
+Both CLI and IDE can use the proxy simultaneously.
+
+## Usage
+
+### Supported Routes
+
+#### Provider Aliases (Always Available)
+
+These routes work even without `amp-upstream-url` configured:
+
+- `/api/provider/openai/v1/chat/completions`
+- `/api/provider/openai/v1/responses`
+- `/api/provider/anthropic/v1/messages`
+- `/api/provider/google/v1beta/models/:action`
+
+Amp CLI calls these routes with your OAuth-authenticated models configured in CLIProxyAPI.
+
+#### Management Routes (Require `amp-upstream-url`)
+
+These routes are proxied to ampcode.com:
+
+- `/api/auth` - Authentication
+- `/api/user` - User profile
+- `/api/meta` - Metadata
+- `/api/threads` - Conversation threads
+- `/api/telemetry` - Usage telemetry
+- `/api/internal` - Internal APIs
+
+**Security**: Restricted to localhost by default.
+
+### Model Fallback Behavior
+
+When Amp requests a model:
+
+1. **Check local configuration**: Does CLIProxyAPI have OAuth tokens for this model's provider?
+2. **If YES**: Route to local handler (use your OAuth subscription)
+3. **If NO**: Forward to ampcode.com (use Amp's default routing)
+
+This enables seamless mixed usage:
+- Models you've configured (Gemini, ChatGPT, Claude) → Your OAuth subscriptions
+- Models you haven't configured → Amp's default providers
+
+### Example API Calls
+
+**Chat completion with local OAuth:**
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8317/api/provider/openai/v1/chat/completions \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{
+    "model": "gpt-5",
+    "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "Hello"}]
+  }'
+```
+
+**Management endpoint (localhost only):**
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8317/api/user
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Common Issues
+
+| Symptom | Likely Cause | Fix |
+|---------|--------------|-----|
+| 404 on `/api/provider/...` | Incorrect route path | Ensure exact path: `/api/provider/{provider}/v1...` |
+| 403 on `/api/user` | Non-localhost request | Run from same machine or disable `amp-restrict-management-to-localhost` (not recommended) |
+| 401/403 from provider | Missing/expired OAuth | Re-run `--codex-login` or `--claude-login` |
+| Amp gzip errors | Response decompression issue | Update to latest build; auto-decompression should handle this |
+| Models not using proxy | Wrong Amp URL | Verify `amp.url` setting or `AMP_URL` environment variable |
+| CORS errors | Protected management endpoint | Use CLI/terminal, not browser |
+
+### Diagnostics
+
+**Check proxy logs:**
+```bash
+# If logging-to-file: true
+tail -f logs/requests.log
+
+# If running in tmux
+tmux attach-session -t proxy
+```
+
+**Enable debug mode** (temporarily):
+```yaml
+debug: true
+```
+
+**Test basic connectivity:**
+```bash
+# Check if proxy is running
+curl http://localhost:8317/v1/models
+
+# Check Amp-specific route
+curl http://localhost:8317/api/provider/openai/v1/models
+```
+
+**Verify Amp configuration:**
+```bash
+# Check if Amp is using proxy
+amp config get amp.url
+
+# Or check environment
+echo $AMP_URL
+```
+
+### Security Checklist
+
+- ✅ Keep `amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: true` (default)
+- ✅ Don't expose proxy publicly (bind to localhost or use firewall/VPN)
+- ✅ Use the Amp secrets file (`~/.local/share/amp/secrets.json`) managed by `amp login`
+- ✅ Rotate OAuth tokens periodically by re-running login commands
+- ✅ Store config and auth-dir on encrypted disk if handling sensitive data
+- ✅ Keep proxy binary up to date for security fixes
+
+## Additional Resources
+
+- [CLIProxyAPI Main Documentation](https://help.router-for.me/)
+- [Amp CLI Official Manual](https://ampcode.com/manual)
+- [Management API Reference](https://help.router-for.me/management/api)
+- [SDK Documentation](sdk-usage.md)
+
+## Disclaimer
+
+This integration is for personal/educational use. Using reverse proxies or alternate API bases may violate provider Terms of Service. You are solely responsible for how you use this software. Accounts may be rate-limited, locked, or banned. No warranties. Use at your own risk.

docs/amp-cli-integration_CN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+# Amp CLI 集成指南
+
+本指南说明如何在 Amp CLI 和 Amp IDE 扩展中使用 CLIProxyAPI，通过 OAuth 让你能够把已有的 Google/ChatGPT/Claude 订阅与 Amp 的 CLI 一起使用。
+
+## 目录
+
+- [概述](#概述)
+  - [应该认证哪些服务提供商？](#应该认证哪些服务提供商)
+- [架构](#架构)
+- [配置](#配置)
+- [设置](#设置)
+- [用法](#用法)
+- [故障排查](#故障排查)
+
+## 概述
+
+Amp CLI 集成为 Amp 的 API 模式添加了专用路由，同时保持与现有 CLIProxyAPI 功能的完全兼容。这样你可以在同一个代理服务器上同时使用传统 CLIProxyAPI 功能和 Amp CLI。
+
+### 主要特性
+
+- **提供者路由别名**：将 Amp 的 `/api/provider/{provider}/v1...` 路径映射到 CLIProxyAPI 处理器
+- **管理代理**：将 OAuth 和账号管理请求转发到 Amp 控制平面
+- **智能回退**：自动将未配置的模型路由到 ampcode.com
+- **密钥管理**：可配置优先级（配置 > 环境变量 > 文件），缓存 5 分钟
+- **安全优先**：管理路由默认限制为 localhost
+- **自动 gzip 处理**：自动解压来自 Amp 上游的响应
+
+### 你可以做什么
+
+- 使用 Amp CLI 搭配你的 Google 账号（Gemini 3 Pro Preview、Gemini 2.5 Pro、Gemini 2.5 Flash）
+- 使用 Amp CLI 搭配你的 ChatGPT Plus/Pro 订阅（GPT-5、GPT-5 Codex 模型）
+- 使用 Amp CLI 搭配你的 Claude Pro/Max 订阅（Claude Sonnet 4.5、Opus 4.1）
+- 将 Amp IDE 扩展（VS Code、Cursor、Windsurf 等）与同一个代理一起使用
+- 通过一个代理同时运行多个 CLI 工具（Factory + Amp）
+- 将未配置的模型自动路由到 ampcode.com
+
+### 应该认证哪些服务提供商？
+
+**重要**：需要认证的提供商取决于你安装的 Amp 版本当前使用的模型和功能。Amp 的不同智能模式和子代理会使用不同的提供商：
+
+- **Smart 模式**：使用 Google/Gemini 模型（Gemini 3 Pro）
+- **Rush 模式**：使用 Anthropic/Claude 模型（Claude Haiku 4.5）
+- **Oracle 子代理**：使用 OpenAI/GPT 模型（GPT-5 medium reasoning）
+- **Librarian 子代理**：使用 Anthropic/Claude 模型（Claude Sonnet 4.5）
+- **Search 子代理**：使用 Anthropic/Claude 模型（Claude Haiku 4.5）
+- **Review 功能**：使用 Google/Gemini 模型（Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite）
+
+有关 Amp 当前使用哪些模型的最新信息，请参阅 **[Amp 模型文档](https://ampcode.com/models)**。
+
+#### 回退行为
+
+CLIProxyAPI 采用智能回退机制：
+
+1. **本地已认证提供商**（`--login`、`--codex-login`、`--claude-login`）：
+   - 请求使用**你的 OAuth 订阅**（ChatGPT Plus/Pro、Claude Pro/Max、Google 账号）
+   - 享受订阅自带的额度
+   - 不消耗 Amp 额度
+
+2. **本地未认证提供商**：
+   - 请求自动转发到 **ampcode.com**
+   - 使用 Amp 的后端提供商连接
+   - 如果提供商是付费的（OpenAI、Anthropic 付费档），**需要消耗 Amp 额度**
+   - 若 Amp 额度不足，可能产生错误
+
+**建议**：对你有订阅的所有提供商都进行认证，以最大化价值并尽量减少 Amp 额度消耗。如果没有覆盖 Amp 使用的全部提供商，请确保为回退请求准备足够的 Amp 额度。
+
+## 架构
+
+### 请求流
+
+```
+Amp CLI/IDE
+  ↓
+  ├─ Provider API requests (/api/provider/{provider}/v1/...)
+  │   ↓
+  │   ├─ Model configured locally?
+  │   │   YES → Use local OAuth tokens (OpenAI/Claude/Gemini handlers)
+  │   │   NO  → Forward to ampcode.com (reverse proxy)
+  │   ↓
+  │   Response
+  │
+  └─ Management requests (/api/auth, /api/user, /api/threads, ...)
+      ↓
+      ├─ Localhost check (security)
+      ↓
+      └─ Reverse proxy to ampcode.com
+          ↓
+          Response (auto-decompressed if gzipped)
+```
+
+### 组件
+
+Amp 集成以模块化路由模块（`internal/api/modules/amp/`）实现，包含以下组件：
+
+1. **路由别名**（`routes.go`）：将 Amp 风格的路径映射到标准处理器
+2. **反向代理**（`proxy.go`）：将管理请求转发到 ampcode.com
+3. **回退处理器**（`fallback_handlers.go`）：将未配置的模型路由到 ampcode.com
+4. **密钥管理**（`secret.go`）：多来源 API 密钥解析并带缓存
+5. **主模块**（`amp.go`）：负责注册和配置
+
+## 配置
+
+### 基础配置
+
+在 `config.yaml` 中新增以下字段：
+
+```yaml
+# Amp 上游控制平面（管理路由必需）
+amp-upstream-url: "https://ampcode.com"
+
+# 可选：覆盖 API key（否则使用环境变量或文件）
+# amp-upstream-api-key: "your-amp-api-key"
+
+# 安全性：将管理路由限制为 localhost（推荐）
+amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: true
+```
+
+### 密钥解析优先级
+
+Amp 模块以如下优先级解析 API key：
+
+| 来源 | 键名 | 优先级 | 缓存 |
+|------|------|--------|------|
+| 配置文件 | `amp-upstream-api-key` | 高 | 无 |
+| 环境变量 | `AMP_API_KEY` | 中 | 无 |
+| Amp 密钥文件 | `~/.local/share/amp/secrets.json` | 低 | 5 分钟 |
+
+**建议**：日常使用时采用 Amp 密钥文件（最低优先级）。该文件由 `amp login` 自动管理。
+
+### 安全设置
+
+**`amp-restrict-management-to-localhost`**（默认：`true`）
+
+启用后，管理路由（`/api/auth`、`/api/user`、`/api/threads` 等）只接受来自 localhost（127.0.0.1、::1）的连接，可防止：
+- 浏览器探测式攻击
+- 对管理端点的远程访问
+- 基于 CORS 的攻击
+- 伪造头攻击（例如 `X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1`）
+
+#### 工作原理
+
+此限制使用**实际的 TCP 连接地址**（`RemoteAddr`），而非 `X-Forwarded-For` 等 HTTP 头，能防止头部伪造，但有重要影响：
+
+- ✅ **直接连接可用**：在本机或服务器直接运行 CLIProxyAPI 时适用
+- ⚠️ **可能不适用于反向代理场景**：部署在 nginx、Cloudflare 等代理后，请求源会显示为代理 IP 而非 localhost
+
+#### 反向代理部署
+
+若需要在反向代理（nginx、Caddy、Cloudflare Tunnel 等）后运行 CLIProxyAPI：
+
+1. **关闭 localhost 限制**：
+   ```yaml
+   amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: false
+   ```
+
+2. **使用替代安全措施**：
+   - 防火墙规则限制管理路由访问
+   - 代理层认证（HTTP Basic Auth、OAuth）
+   - 网络隔离（VPN、Tailscale、Cloudflare Access）
+   - 将 CLIProxyAPI 仅绑定 `127.0.0.1`，并通过 SSH 隧道访问
+
+3. **nginx 示例配置**（阻止外部访问管理路由）：
+   ```nginx
+   location /api/auth { deny all; }
+   location /api/user { deny all; }
+   location /api/threads { deny all; }
+   location /api/internal { deny all; }
+   ```
+
+**重要**：只有在理解安全影响并已采取其他防护措施时，才关闭 `amp-restrict-management-to-localhost`。
+
+## 设置
+
+### 1. 配置 CLIProxyAPI
+
+创建或编辑 `config.yaml`：
+
+```yaml
+port: 8317
+auth-dir: "~/.cli-proxy-api"
+
+# Amp 集成
+amp-upstream-url: "https://ampcode.com"
+amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: true
+
+# 其他常规设置...
+debug: false
+logging-to-file: true
+```
+
+### 2. 认证提供商
+
+为要使用的提供商执行 OAuth 登录：
+
+**Google 账号（Gemini 2.5 Pro、Gemini 2.5 Flash、Gemini 3 Pro Preview）：**
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --login
+```
+
+**ChatGPT Plus/Pro（GPT-5、GPT-5 Codex）：**
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --codex-login
+```
+
+**Claude Pro/Max（Claude Sonnet 4.5、Opus 4.1）：**
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --claude-login
+```
+
+令牌会保存到：
+- Gemini: `~/.cli-proxy-api/gemini-<email>.json`
+- OpenAI Codex: `~/.cli-proxy-api/codex-<email>.json`
+- Claude: `~/.cli-proxy-api/claude-<email>.json`
+
+### 3. 启动代理
+
+```bash
+./cli-proxy-api --config config.yaml
+```
+
+或使用 tmux 在后台运行（推荐用于远程服务器）：
+
+```bash
+tmux new-session -d -s proxy "./cli-proxy-api --config config.yaml"
+```
+
+### 4. 配置 Amp CLI
+
+#### 方案 A：配置文件
+
+编辑 `~/.config/amp/settings.json`：
+
+```json
+{
+  "amp.url": "http://localhost:8317"
+}
+```
+
+#### 方案 B：环境变量
+
+```bash
+export AMP_URL=http://localhost:8317
+```
+
+### 5. 登录并使用 Amp
+
+通过代理登录（请求会被代理到 ampcode.com）：
+
+```bash
+amp login
+```
+
+像平常一样使用 Amp：
+
+```bash
+amp "Write a hello world program in Python"
+```
+
+### 6. （可选）配置 Amp IDE 扩展
+
+该代理同样适用于 VS Code、Cursor、Windsurf 等 Amp IDE 扩展。
+
+1. 在 IDE 中打开 Amp 扩展设置
+2. 将 **Amp URL** 设置为 `http://localhost:8317`
+3. 用你的 Amp 账号登录
+4. 在 IDE 中开始使用 Amp
+
+CLI 和 IDE 可同时使用该代理。
+
+## 用法
+
+### 支持的路由
+
+#### 提供商别名（始终可用）
+
+这些路由即使未配置 `amp-upstream-url` 也可使用：
+
+- `/api/provider/openai/v1/chat/completions`
+- `/api/provider/openai/v1/responses`
+- `/api/provider/anthropic/v1/messages`
+- `/api/provider/google/v1beta/models/:action`
+
+Amp CLI 会使用你在 CLIProxyAPI 中通过 OAuth 认证的模型来调用这些路由。
+
+#### 管理路由（需要 `amp-upstream-url`）
+
+这些路由会被代理到 ampcode.com：
+
+- `/api/auth` - 认证
+- `/api/user` - 用户资料
+- `/api/meta` - 元数据
+- `/api/threads` - 会话线程
+- `/api/telemetry` - 使用遥测
+- `/api/internal` - 内部 API
+
+**安全性**：默认限制为 localhost。
+
+### 模型回退行为
+
+当 Amp 请求模型时：
+
+1. **检查本地配置**：CLIProxyAPI 是否有该模型提供商的 OAuth 令牌？
+2. **如果有**：路由到本地处理器（使用你的 OAuth 订阅）
+3. **如果没有**：转发到 ampcode.com（使用 Amp 的默认路由）
+
+这实现了无缝混用：
+- 你已配置的模型（Gemini、ChatGPT、Claude）→ 你的 OAuth 订阅
+- 未配置的模型 → Amp 的默认提供商
+
+### 示例 API 调用
+
+**使用本地 OAuth 的聊天补全：**
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8317/api/provider/openai/v1/chat/completions \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{
+    "model": "gpt-5",
+    "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "Hello"}]
+  }'
+```
+
+**管理端点（仅限 localhost）：**
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8317/api/user
+```
+
+## 故障排查
+
+### 常见问题
+
+| 症状 | 可能原因 | 解决方案 |
+|------|----------|----------|
+| `/api/provider/...` 返回 404 | 路径错误 | 确保路径准确：`/api/provider/{provider}/v1...` |
+| `/api/user` 返回 403 | 非 localhost 请求 | 在同一机器上访问，或关闭 `amp-restrict-management-to-localhost`（不推荐） |
+| 提供商返回 401/403 | OAuth 缺失或过期 | 重新运行 `--codex-login` 或 `--claude-login` |
+| Amp gzip 错误 | 响应解压问题 | 更新到最新构建；自动解压应能处理 |
+| 模型未走代理 | Amp URL 设置错误 | 检查 `amp.url` 设置或 `AMP_URL` 环境变量 |
+| CORS 错误 | 受保护的管理端点 | 使用 CLI/终端而非浏览器 |
+
+### 诊断
+
+**查看代理日志：**
+```bash
+# 若 logging-to-file: true
+tail -f logs/requests.log
+
+# 若运行在 tmux 中
+tmux attach-session -t proxy
+```
+
+**临时开启调试模式：**
+```yaml
+debug: true
+```
+
+**测试基础连通性：**
+```bash
+# 检查代理是否运行
+curl http://localhost:8317/v1/models
+
+# 检查 Amp 特定路由
+curl http://localhost:8317/api/provider/openai/v1/models
+```
+
+**验证 Amp 配置：**
+```bash
+# 检查 Amp 是否使用代理
+amp config get amp.url
+
+# 或检查环境变量
+echo $AMP_URL
+```
+
+### 安全清单
+
+- ✅ 保持 `amp-restrict-management-to-localhost: true`（默认）
+- ✅ 不要将代理暴露到公共网络（绑定到 localhost 或使用防火墙/VPN）
+- ✅ 使用 `amp login` 管理的 Amp 密钥文件（`~/.local/share/amp/secrets.json`）
+- ✅ 定期重新登录轮换 OAuth 令牌
+- ✅ 若处理敏感数据，使用加密磁盘存储配置和 auth-dir
+- ✅ 保持代理二进制为最新版本以获取安全修复
+
+## 其他资源
+
+- [CLIProxyAPI 主文档](https://help.router-for.me/)
+- [Amp CLI 官方手册](https://ampcode.com/manual)
+- [管理 API 参考](https://help.router-for.me/management/api)
+- [SDK 文档](sdk-usage.md)
+
+## 免责声明
+
+此集成仅用于个人或教育用途。使用反向代理或替代 API 基址可能违反提供商的服务条款。你需要对自己的使用方式负责。账号可能会被限速、锁定或封禁。软件不附带任何保证，使用风险自负。

examples/custom-provider/main.go

@@ -137,6 +137,10 @@ func (MyExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipexec.Re
 	return clipexec.Response{Payload: body}, nil
 }
 
+func (MyExecutor) CountTokens(context.Context, *coreauth.Auth, clipexec.Request, clipexec.Options) (clipexec.Response, error) {
+	return clipexec.Response{}, errors.New("count tokens not implemented")
+}
+
 func (MyExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipexec.Request, opts clipexec.Options) (<-chan clipexec.StreamChunk, error) {
 	ch := make(chan clipexec.StreamChunk, 1)
 	go func() {
@@ -146,10 +150,6 @@ func (MyExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipe
 	return ch, nil
 }
 
-func (MyExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipexec.Request, opts clipexec.Options) (clipexec.Response, error) {
-	return clipexec.Response{}, errors.New("not implemented")
-}
-
 func (MyExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth) (*coreauth.Auth, error) {
 	return a, nil
 }

go.mod

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ module github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6
 go 1.24.0
 
 require (
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.6
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.1
 	github.com/go-git/go-git/v6 v6.0.0-20251009132922-75a182125145
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1 // indirect

internal/api/handlers/management/auth_files.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -229,8 +230,32 @@ func (h *Handler) managementCallbackURL(path string) (string, error) {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d%s", h.cfg.Port, path), nil
 }
 
-// List auth files
 func (h *Handler) ListAuthFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	if h == nil {
+		c.JSON(500, gin.H{"error": "handler not initialized"})
+		return
+	}
+	if h.authManager == nil {
+		h.listAuthFilesFromDisk(c)
+		return
+	}
+	auths := h.authManager.List()
+	files := make([]gin.H, 0, len(auths))
+	for _, auth := range auths {
+		if entry := h.buildAuthFileEntry(auth); entry != nil {
+			files = append(files, entry)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(files, func(i, j int) bool {
+		nameI, _ := files[i]["name"].(string)
+		nameJ, _ := files[j]["name"].(string)
+		return strings.ToLower(nameI) < strings.ToLower(nameJ)
+	})
+	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"files": files})
+}
+
+// List auth files from disk when the auth manager is unavailable.
+func (h *Handler) listAuthFilesFromDisk(c *gin.Context) {
 	entries, err := os.ReadDir(h.cfg.AuthDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(500, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("failed to read auth dir: %v", err)})
@@ -263,6 +288,112 @@ func (h *Handler) ListAuthFiles(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"files": files})
 }
 
+func (h *Handler) buildAuthFileEntry(auth *coreauth.Auth) gin.H {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	auth.EnsureIndex()
+	runtimeOnly := isRuntimeOnlyAuth(auth)
+	if runtimeOnly && (auth.Disabled || auth.Status == coreauth.StatusDisabled) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	path := strings.TrimSpace(authAttribute(auth, "path"))
+	if path == "" && !runtimeOnly {
+		return nil
+	}
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(auth.FileName)
+	if name == "" {
+		name = auth.ID
+	}
+	entry := gin.H{
+		"id":             auth.ID,
+		"auth_index":     auth.Index,
+		"name":           name,
+		"type":           strings.TrimSpace(auth.Provider),
+		"provider":       strings.TrimSpace(auth.Provider),
+		"label":          auth.Label,
+		"status":         auth.Status,
+		"status_message": auth.StatusMessage,
+		"disabled":       auth.Disabled,
+		"unavailable":    auth.Unavailable,
+		"runtime_only":   runtimeOnly,
+		"source":         "memory",
+		"size":           int64(0),
+	}
+	if email := authEmail(auth); email != "" {
+		entry["email"] = email
+	}
+	if accountType, account := auth.AccountInfo(); accountType != "" || account != "" {
+		if accountType != "" {
+			entry["account_type"] = accountType
+		}
+		if account != "" {
+			entry["account"] = account
+		}
+	}
+	if !auth.CreatedAt.IsZero() {
+		entry["created_at"] = auth.CreatedAt
+	}
+	if !auth.UpdatedAt.IsZero() {
+		entry["modtime"] = auth.UpdatedAt
+		entry["updated_at"] = auth.UpdatedAt
+	}
+	if !auth.LastRefreshedAt.IsZero() {
+		entry["last_refresh"] = auth.LastRefreshedAt
+	}
+	if path != "" {
+		entry["path"] = path
+		entry["source"] = "file"
+		if info, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+			entry["size"] = info.Size()
+			entry["modtime"] = info.ModTime()
+		} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			// Hide credentials removed from disk but still lingering in memory.
+			if !runtimeOnly && (auth.Disabled || auth.Status == coreauth.StatusDisabled || strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(auth.StatusMessage), "removed via management api")) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			entry["source"] = "memory"
+		} else {
+			log.WithError(err).Warnf("failed to stat auth file %s", path)
+		}
+	}
+	return entry
+}
+
+func authEmail(auth *coreauth.Auth) string {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if auth.Metadata != nil {
+		if v, ok := auth.Metadata["email"].(string); ok {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+	}
+	if auth.Attributes != nil {
+		if v := strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["email"]); v != "" {
+			return v
+		}
+		if v := strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["account_email"]); v != "" {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func authAttribute(auth *coreauth.Auth, key string) string {
+	if auth == nil || len(auth.Attributes) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return auth.Attributes[key]
+}
+
+func isRuntimeOnlyAuth(auth *coreauth.Auth) bool {
+	if auth == nil || len(auth.Attributes) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["runtime_only"]), "true")
+}
+
 // Download single auth file by name
 func (h *Handler) DownloadAuthFile(c *gin.Context) {
 	name := c.Query("name")
@@ -383,6 +514,10 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteAuthFile(c *gin.Context) {
 				}
 			}
 			if err = os.Remove(full); err == nil {
+				if errDel := h.deleteTokenRecord(ctx, full); errDel != nil {
+					c.JSON(500, gin.H{"error": errDel.Error()})
+					return
+				}
 				deleted++
 				h.disableAuth(ctx, full)
 			}
@@ -409,10 +544,32 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteAuthFile(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 		return
 	}
+	if err := h.deleteTokenRecord(ctx, full); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(500, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
 	h.disableAuth(ctx, full)
 	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
 }
 
+func (h *Handler) authIDForPath(path string) string {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if h == nil || h.cfg == nil {
+		return path
+	}
+	authDir := strings.TrimSpace(h.cfg.AuthDir)
+	if authDir == "" {
+		return path
+	}
+	if rel, err := filepath.Rel(authDir, path); err == nil && rel != "" {
+		return rel
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) registerAuthFromFile(ctx context.Context, path string, data []byte) error {
 	if h.authManager == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -441,13 +598,18 @@ func (h *Handler) registerAuthFromFile(ctx context.Context, path string, data []
 	}
 	lastRefresh, hasLastRefresh := extractLastRefreshTimestamp(metadata)
 
+	authID := h.authIDForPath(path)
+	if authID == "" {
+		authID = path
+	}
 	attr := map[string]string{
 		"path":   path,
 		"source": path,
 	}
 	auth := &coreauth.Auth{
-		ID:         path,
+		ID:         authID,
 		Provider:   provider,
+		FileName:   filepath.Base(path),
 		Label:      label,
 		Status:     coreauth.StatusActive,
 		Attributes: attr,
@@ -458,7 +620,7 @@ func (h *Handler) registerAuthFromFile(ctx context.Context, path string, data []
 	if hasLastRefresh {
 		auth.LastRefreshedAt = lastRefresh
 	}
-	if existing, ok := h.authManager.GetByID(path); ok {
+	if existing, ok := h.authManager.GetByID(authID); ok {
 		auth.CreatedAt = existing.CreatedAt
 		if !hasLastRefresh {
 			auth.LastRefreshedAt = existing.LastRefreshedAt
@@ -473,10 +635,17 @@ func (h *Handler) registerAuthFromFile(ctx context.Context, path string, data []
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) disableAuth(ctx context.Context, id string) {
-	if h.authManager == nil || id == "" {
+	if h == nil || h.authManager == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if auth, ok := h.authManager.GetByID(id); ok {
+	authID := h.authIDForPath(id)
+	if authID == "" {
+		authID = strings.TrimSpace(id)
+	}
+	if authID == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if auth, ok := h.authManager.GetByID(authID); ok {
 		auth.Disabled = true
 		auth.Status = coreauth.StatusDisabled
 		auth.StatusMessage = "removed via management API"
@@ -485,9 +654,20 @@ func (h *Handler) disableAuth(ctx context.Context, id string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) saveTokenRecord(ctx context.Context, record *coreauth.Auth) (string, error) {
-	if record == nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("token record is nil")
+func (h *Handler) deleteTokenRecord(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("auth path is empty")
+	}
+	store := h.tokenStoreWithBaseDir()
+	if store == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("token store unavailable")
+	}
+	return store.Delete(ctx, path)
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) tokenStoreWithBaseDir() coreauth.Store {
+	if h == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
 	store := h.tokenStore
 	if store == nil {
@@ -499,6 +679,17 @@ func (h *Handler) saveTokenRecord(ctx context.Context, record *coreauth.Auth) (s
 			dirSetter.SetBaseDir(h.cfg.AuthDir)
 		}
 	}
+	return store
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) saveTokenRecord(ctx context.Context, record *coreauth.Auth) (string, error) {
+	if record == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("token record is nil")
+	}
+	store := h.tokenStoreWithBaseDir()
+	if store == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("token store unavailable")
+	}
 	return store.Save(ctx, record)
 }
 
@@ -846,29 +1037,46 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGeminiCLIToken(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 		fmt.Println("Authentication successful.")
 
-		if errEnsure := ensureGeminiProjectAndOnboard(ctx, gemClient, &ts, requestedProjectID); errEnsure != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to complete Gemini CLI onboarding: %v", errEnsure)
-			oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to complete Gemini CLI onboarding"
-			return
-		}
+		if strings.EqualFold(requestedProjectID, "ALL") {
+			ts.Auto = false
+			projects, errAll := onboardAllGeminiProjects(ctx, gemClient, &ts)
+			if errAll != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to complete Gemini CLI onboarding: %v", errAll)
+				oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to complete Gemini CLI onboarding"
+				return
+			}
+			if errVerify := ensureGeminiProjectsEnabled(ctx, gemClient, projects); errVerify != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to verify Cloud AI API status: %v", errVerify)
+				oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to verify Cloud AI API status"
+				return
+			}
+			ts.ProjectID = strings.Join(projects, ",")
+			ts.Checked = true
+		} else {
+			if errEnsure := ensureGeminiProjectAndOnboard(ctx, gemClient, &ts, requestedProjectID); errEnsure != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to complete Gemini CLI onboarding: %v", errEnsure)
+				oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to complete Gemini CLI onboarding"
+				return
+			}
 
-		if strings.TrimSpace(ts.ProjectID) == "" {
-			log.Error("Onboarding did not return a project ID")
-			oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to resolve project ID"
-			return
-		}
+			if strings.TrimSpace(ts.ProjectID) == "" {
+				log.Error("Onboarding did not return a project ID")
+				oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to resolve project ID"
+				return
+			}
 
-		isChecked, errCheck := checkCloudAPIIsEnabled(ctx, gemClient, ts.ProjectID)
-		if errCheck != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to verify Cloud AI API status: %v", errCheck)
-			oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to verify Cloud AI API status"
-			return
-		}
-		ts.Checked = isChecked
-		if !isChecked {
-			log.Error("Cloud AI API is not enabled for the selected project")
-			oauthStatus[state] = "Cloud AI API not enabled"
-			return
+			isChecked, errCheck := checkCloudAPIIsEnabled(ctx, gemClient, ts.ProjectID)
+			if errCheck != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to verify Cloud AI API status: %v", errCheck)
+				oauthStatus[state] = "Failed to verify Cloud AI API status"
+				return
+			}
+			ts.Checked = isChecked
+			if !isChecked {
+				log.Error("Cloud AI API is not enabled for the selected project")
+				oauthStatus[state] = "Cloud AI API not enabled"
+				return
+			}
 		}
 
 		recordMetadata := map[string]any{
@@ -878,10 +1086,11 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGeminiCLIToken(c *gin.Context) {
 			"checked":    ts.Checked,
 		}
 
+		fileName := geminiAuth.CredentialFileName(ts.Email, ts.ProjectID, true)
 		record := &coreauth.Auth{
-			ID:       fmt.Sprintf("gemini-%s-%s.json", ts.Email, ts.ProjectID),
+			ID:       fileName,
 			Provider: "gemini",
-			FileName: fmt.Sprintf("gemini-%s-%s.json", ts.Email, ts.ProjectID),
+			FileName: fileName,
 			Storage:  &ts,
 			Metadata: recordMetadata,
 		}
@@ -1234,6 +1443,87 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestIFlowToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "ok", "url": authURL, "state": state})
 }
 
+func (h *Handler) RequestIFlowCookieToken(c *gin.Context) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	var payload struct {
+		Cookie string `json:"cookie"`
+	}
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&payload); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"status": "error", "error": "cookie is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	cookieValue := strings.TrimSpace(payload.Cookie)
+
+	if cookieValue == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"status": "error", "error": "cookie is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	cookieValue, errNormalize := iflowauth.NormalizeCookie(cookieValue)
+	if errNormalize != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"status": "error", "error": errNormalize.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	authSvc := iflowauth.NewIFlowAuth(h.cfg)
+	tokenData, errAuth := authSvc.AuthenticateWithCookie(ctx, cookieValue)
+	if errAuth != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"status": "error", "error": errAuth.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	tokenData.Cookie = cookieValue
+
+	tokenStorage := authSvc.CreateCookieTokenStorage(tokenData)
+	email := strings.TrimSpace(tokenStorage.Email)
+	if email == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"status": "error", "error": "failed to extract email from token"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	fileName := iflowauth.SanitizeIFlowFileName(email)
+	if fileName == "" {
+		fileName = fmt.Sprintf("iflow-%d", time.Now().UnixMilli())
+	}
+
+	tokenStorage.Email = email
+
+	record := &coreauth.Auth{
+		ID:       fmt.Sprintf("iflow-%s.json", fileName),
+		Provider: "iflow",
+		FileName: fmt.Sprintf("iflow-%s.json", fileName),
+		Storage:  tokenStorage,
+		Metadata: map[string]any{
+			"email":        email,
+			"api_key":      tokenStorage.APIKey,
+			"expired":      tokenStorage.Expire,
+			"cookie":       tokenStorage.Cookie,
+			"type":         tokenStorage.Type,
+			"last_refresh": tokenStorage.LastRefresh,
+		},
+		Attributes: map[string]string{
+			"api_key": tokenStorage.APIKey,
+		},
+	}
+
+	savedPath, errSave := h.saveTokenRecord(ctx, record)
+	if errSave != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"status": "error", "error": "failed to save authentication tokens"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("iFlow cookie authentication successful. Token saved to %s\n", savedPath)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"status":     "ok",
+		"saved_path": savedPath,
+		"email":      email,
+		"expired":    tokenStorage.Expire,
+		"type":       tokenStorage.Type,
+	})
+}
+
 type projectSelectionRequiredError struct{}
 
 func (e *projectSelectionRequiredError) Error() string {
@@ -1274,6 +1564,57 @@ func ensureGeminiProjectAndOnboard(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client,
 	return nil
 }
 
+func onboardAllGeminiProjects(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, storage *geminiAuth.GeminiTokenStorage) ([]string, error) {
+	projects, errProjects := fetchGCPProjects(ctx, httpClient)
+	if errProjects != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch project list: %w", errProjects)
+	}
+	if len(projects) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no Google Cloud projects available for this account")
+	}
+	activated := make([]string, 0, len(projects))
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(projects))
+	for _, project := range projects {
+		candidate := strings.TrimSpace(project.ProjectID)
+		if candidate == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, dup := seen[candidate]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := performGeminiCLISetup(ctx, httpClient, storage, candidate); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("onboard project %s: %w", candidate, err)
+		}
+		finalID := strings.TrimSpace(storage.ProjectID)
+		if finalID == "" {
+			finalID = candidate
+		}
+		activated = append(activated, finalID)
+		seen[candidate] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	if len(activated) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no Google Cloud projects available for this account")
+	}
+	return activated, nil
+}
+
+func ensureGeminiProjectsEnabled(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, projectIDs []string) error {
+	for _, pid := range projectIDs {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(pid)
+		if trimmed == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		isChecked, errCheck := checkCloudAPIIsEnabled(ctx, httpClient, trimmed)
+		if errCheck != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("project %s: %w", trimmed, errCheck)
+		}
+		if !isChecked {
+			return fmt.Errorf("project %s: Cloud AI API not enabled", trimmed)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func performGeminiCLISetup(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, storage *geminiAuth.GeminiTokenStorage, requestedProject string) error {
 	metadata := map[string]string{
 		"ideType":    "IDE_UNSPECIFIED",

internal/api/handlers/management/config_basic.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func (h *Handler) GetConfigYAML(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 	var node yaml.Node
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &node); err != nil {
+	if err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, &node); err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "parse_failed", "message": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -41,17 +41,18 @@ func (h *Handler) GetConfigYAML(c *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func WriteConfig(path string, data []byte) error {
+	data = config.NormalizeCommentIndentation(data)
 	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := f.Write(data); err != nil {
-		f.Close()
-		return err
+	if _, errWrite := f.Write(data); errWrite != nil {
+		_ = f.Close()
+		return errWrite
 	}
-	if err := f.Sync(); err != nil {
-		f.Close()
-		return err
+	if errSync := f.Sync(); errSync != nil {
+		_ = f.Close()
+		return errSync
 	}
 	return f.Close()
 }
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PutConfigYAML(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 	var cfg config.Config
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(body, &cfg); err != nil {
+	if err = yaml.Unmarshal(body, &cfg); err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid_yaml", "message": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -75,18 +76,20 @@ func (h *Handler) PutConfigYAML(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 	tempFile := tmpFile.Name()
-	if _, err := tmpFile.Write(body); err != nil {
-		tmpFile.Close()
-		os.Remove(tempFile)
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "write_failed", "message": err.Error()})
+	if _, errWrite := tmpFile.Write(body); errWrite != nil {
+		_ = tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tempFile)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "write_failed", "message": errWrite.Error()})
 		return
 	}
-	if err := tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
-		os.Remove(tempFile)
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "write_failed", "message": err.Error()})
+	if errClose := tmpFile.Close(); errClose != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tempFile)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "write_failed", "message": errClose.Error()})
 		return
 	}
-	defer os.Remove(tempFile)
+	defer func() {
+		_ = os.Remove(tempFile)
+	}()
 	_, err = config.LoadConfigOptional(tempFile, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{"error": "invalid_config", "message": err.Error()})
@@ -153,6 +156,14 @@ func (h *Handler) PutRequestLog(c *gin.Context) {
 	h.updateBoolField(c, func(v bool) { h.cfg.RequestLog = v })
 }
 
+// Websocket auth
+func (h *Handler) GetWebsocketAuth(c *gin.Context) {
+	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"ws-auth": h.cfg.WebsocketAuth})
+}
+func (h *Handler) PutWebsocketAuth(c *gin.Context) {
+	h.updateBoolField(c, func(v bool) { h.cfg.WebsocketAuth = v })
+}
+
 // Request retry
 func (h *Handler) GetRequestRetry(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"request-retry": h.cfg.RequestRetry})

internal/api/handlers/management/config_lists.go

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func (h *Handler) applyLegacyKeys(keys []string) {
 	}
 	h.cfg.GeminiKey = newList
 	h.cfg.GlAPIKey = sanitized
-	h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+	h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 }
 
 // api-keys
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PutGeminiKeys(c *gin.Context) {
 		arr = obj.Items
 	}
 	h.cfg.GeminiKey = append([]config.GeminiKey(nil), arr...)
-	h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+	h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 	h.persist(c)
 }
 func (h *Handler) PatchGeminiKey(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchGeminiKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		// Treat empty API key as delete.
 		if body.Index != nil && *body.Index >= 0 && *body.Index < len(h.cfg.GeminiKey) {
 			h.cfg.GeminiKey = append(h.cfg.GeminiKey[:*body.Index], h.cfg.GeminiKey[*body.Index+1:]...)
-			h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+			h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchGeminiKey(c *gin.Context) {
 				}
 				if removed {
 					h.cfg.GeminiKey = out
-					h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+					h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 					h.persist(c)
 					return
 				}
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchGeminiKey(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	if body.Index != nil && *body.Index >= 0 && *body.Index < len(h.cfg.GeminiKey) {
 		h.cfg.GeminiKey[*body.Index] = value
-		h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+		h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 		h.persist(c)
 		return
 	}
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchGeminiKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		for i := range h.cfg.GeminiKey {
 			if h.cfg.GeminiKey[i].APIKey == match {
 				h.cfg.GeminiKey[i] = value
-				h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+				h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 				h.persist(c)
 				return
 			}
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteGeminiKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 		if len(out) != len(h.cfg.GeminiKey) {
 			h.cfg.GeminiKey = out
-			h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+			h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 			h.persist(c)
 		} else {
 			c.JSON(404, gin.H{"error": "item not found"})
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteGeminiKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		var idx int
 		if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(idxStr, "%d", &idx); err == nil && idx >= 0 && idx < len(h.cfg.GeminiKey) {
 			h.cfg.GeminiKey = append(h.cfg.GeminiKey[:idx], h.cfg.GeminiKey[idx+1:]...)
-			h.cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
+			h.cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PutClaudeKeys(c *gin.Context) {
 		normalizeClaudeKey(&arr[i])
 	}
 	h.cfg.ClaudeKey = arr
+	h.cfg.SanitizeClaudeKeys()
 	h.persist(c)
 }
 func (h *Handler) PatchClaudeKey(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -340,16 +341,19 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchClaudeKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "invalid body"})
 		return
 	}
-	normalizeClaudeKey(body.Value)
+	value := *body.Value
+	normalizeClaudeKey(&value)
 	if body.Index != nil && *body.Index >= 0 && *body.Index < len(h.cfg.ClaudeKey) {
-		h.cfg.ClaudeKey[*body.Index] = *body.Value
+		h.cfg.ClaudeKey[*body.Index] = value
+		h.cfg.SanitizeClaudeKeys()
 		h.persist(c)
 		return
 	}
 	if body.Match != nil {
 		for i := range h.cfg.ClaudeKey {
 			if h.cfg.ClaudeKey[i].APIKey == *body.Match {
-				h.cfg.ClaudeKey[i] = *body.Value
+				h.cfg.ClaudeKey[i] = value
+				h.cfg.SanitizeClaudeKeys()
 				h.persist(c)
 				return
 			}
@@ -366,6 +370,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteClaudeKey(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 		}
 		h.cfg.ClaudeKey = out
+		h.cfg.SanitizeClaudeKeys()
 		h.persist(c)
 		return
 	}
@@ -374,6 +379,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteClaudeKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		_, err := fmt.Sscanf(idxStr, "%d", &idx)
 		if err == nil && idx >= 0 && idx < len(h.cfg.ClaudeKey) {
 			h.cfg.ClaudeKey = append(h.cfg.ClaudeKey[:idx], h.cfg.ClaudeKey[idx+1:]...)
+			h.cfg.SanitizeClaudeKeys()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
@@ -402,9 +408,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PutOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 		arr = obj.Items
 	}
-	for i := range arr {
-		normalizeOpenAICompatibilityEntry(&arr[i])
-	}
+	arr = migrateLegacyOpenAICompatibilityKeys(arr)
 	// Filter out providers with empty base-url -> remove provider entirely
 	filtered := make([]config.OpenAICompatibility, 0, len(arr))
 	for i := range arr {
@@ -412,7 +416,8 @@ func (h *Handler) PutOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 			filtered = append(filtered, arr[i])
 		}
 	}
-	h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility = filtered
+	h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility = migrateLegacyOpenAICompatibilityKeys(filtered)
+	h.cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 	h.persist(c)
 }
 func (h *Handler) PatchOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -425,11 +430,13 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "invalid body"})
 		return
 	}
+	h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility = migrateLegacyOpenAICompatibilityKeys(h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility)
 	normalizeOpenAICompatibilityEntry(body.Value)
 	// If base-url becomes empty, delete the provider instead of updating
 	if strings.TrimSpace(body.Value.BaseURL) == "" {
 		if body.Index != nil && *body.Index >= 0 && *body.Index < len(h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility) {
 			h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility = append(h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility[:*body.Index], h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility[*body.Index+1:]...)
+			h.cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
@@ -445,6 +452,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 			if removed {
 				h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility = out
+				h.cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 				h.persist(c)
 				return
 			}
@@ -454,6 +462,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	if body.Index != nil && *body.Index >= 0 && *body.Index < len(h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility) {
 		h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility[*body.Index] = *body.Value
+		h.cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 		h.persist(c)
 		return
 	}
@@ -461,6 +470,7 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 		for i := range h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility {
 			if h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility[i].Name == *body.Name {
 				h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility[i] = *body.Value
+				h.cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 				h.persist(c)
 				return
 			}
@@ -477,6 +487,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 		}
 		h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility = out
+		h.cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 		h.persist(c)
 		return
 	}
@@ -485,6 +496,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteOpenAICompat(c *gin.Context) {
 		_, err := fmt.Sscanf(idxStr, "%d", &idx)
 		if err == nil && idx >= 0 && idx < len(h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility) {
 			h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility = append(h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility[:idx], h.cfg.OpenAICompatibility[idx+1:]...)
+			h.cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
@@ -517,13 +529,17 @@ func (h *Handler) PutCodexKeys(c *gin.Context) {
 	filtered := make([]config.CodexKey, 0, len(arr))
 	for i := range arr {
 		entry := arr[i]
+		entry.APIKey = strings.TrimSpace(entry.APIKey)
 		entry.BaseURL = strings.TrimSpace(entry.BaseURL)
+		entry.ProxyURL = strings.TrimSpace(entry.ProxyURL)
+		entry.Headers = config.NormalizeHeaders(entry.Headers)
 		if entry.BaseURL == "" {
 			continue
 		}
 		filtered = append(filtered, entry)
 	}
 	h.cfg.CodexKey = filtered
+	h.cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
 	h.persist(c)
 }
 func (h *Handler) PatchCodexKey(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -536,10 +552,16 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchCodexKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "invalid body"})
 		return
 	}
+	value := *body.Value
+	value.APIKey = strings.TrimSpace(value.APIKey)
+	value.BaseURL = strings.TrimSpace(value.BaseURL)
+	value.ProxyURL = strings.TrimSpace(value.ProxyURL)
+	value.Headers = config.NormalizeHeaders(value.Headers)
 	// If base-url becomes empty, delete instead of update
-	if strings.TrimSpace(body.Value.BaseURL) == "" {
+	if value.BaseURL == "" {
 		if body.Index != nil && *body.Index >= 0 && *body.Index < len(h.cfg.CodexKey) {
 			h.cfg.CodexKey = append(h.cfg.CodexKey[:*body.Index], h.cfg.CodexKey[*body.Index+1:]...)
+			h.cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
@@ -555,20 +577,23 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchCodexKey(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 			if removed {
 				h.cfg.CodexKey = out
+				h.cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
 				h.persist(c)
 				return
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		if body.Index != nil && *body.Index >= 0 && *body.Index < len(h.cfg.CodexKey) {
-			h.cfg.CodexKey[*body.Index] = *body.Value
+			h.cfg.CodexKey[*body.Index] = value
+			h.cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
 		if body.Match != nil {
 			for i := range h.cfg.CodexKey {
 				if h.cfg.CodexKey[i].APIKey == *body.Match {
-					h.cfg.CodexKey[i] = *body.Value
+					h.cfg.CodexKey[i] = value
+					h.cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
 					h.persist(c)
 					return
 				}
@@ -586,6 +611,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteCodexKey(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 		}
 		h.cfg.CodexKey = out
+		h.cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
 		h.persist(c)
 		return
 	}
@@ -594,6 +620,7 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteCodexKey(c *gin.Context) {
 		_, err := fmt.Sscanf(idxStr, "%d", &idx)
 		if err == nil && idx >= 0 && idx < len(h.cfg.CodexKey) {
 			h.cfg.CodexKey = append(h.cfg.CodexKey[:idx], h.cfg.CodexKey[idx+1:]...)
+			h.cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
 			h.persist(c)
 			return
 		}
@@ -607,6 +634,7 @@ func normalizeOpenAICompatibilityEntry(entry *config.OpenAICompatibility) {
 	}
 	// Trim base-url; empty base-url indicates provider should be removed by sanitization
 	entry.BaseURL = strings.TrimSpace(entry.BaseURL)
+	entry.Headers = config.NormalizeHeaders(entry.Headers)
 	existing := make(map[string]struct{}, len(entry.APIKeyEntries))
 	for i := range entry.APIKeyEntries {
 		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(entry.APIKeyEntries[i].APIKey)
@@ -632,6 +660,13 @@ func normalizeOpenAICompatibilityEntry(entry *config.OpenAICompatibility) {
 	entry.APIKeys = nil
 }
 
+func migrateLegacyOpenAICompatibilityKeys(entries []config.OpenAICompatibility) []config.OpenAICompatibility {
+	for i := range entries {
+		normalizeOpenAICompatibilityEntry(&entries[i])
+	}
+	return entries
+}
+
 func normalizedOpenAICompatibilityEntries(entries []config.OpenAICompatibility) []config.OpenAICompatibility {
 	if len(entries) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -658,6 +693,7 @@ func normalizeClaudeKey(entry *config.ClaudeKey) {
 	entry.APIKey = strings.TrimSpace(entry.APIKey)
 	entry.BaseURL = strings.TrimSpace(entry.BaseURL)
 	entry.ProxyURL = strings.TrimSpace(entry.ProxyURL)
+	entry.Headers = config.NormalizeHeaders(entry.Headers)
 	if len(entry.Models) == 0 {
 		return
 	}

internal/api/handlers/management/handler.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/buildinfo"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/usage"
 	sdkAuth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/auth"
@@ -91,6 +92,10 @@ func (h *Handler) Middleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	const banDuration = 30 * time.Minute
 
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Header("X-CPA-VERSION", buildinfo.Version)
+		c.Header("X-CPA-COMMIT", buildinfo.Commit)
+		c.Header("X-CPA-BUILD-DATE", buildinfo.BuildDate)
+
 		clientIP := c.ClientIP()
 		localClient := clientIP == "127.0.0.1" || clientIP == "::1"
 		cfg := h.cfg

internal/api/handlers/management/vertex_import.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package management
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/vertex"
+	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+)
+
+// ImportVertexCredential handles uploading a Vertex service account JSON and saving it as an auth record.
+func (h *Handler) ImportVertexCredential(c *gin.Context) {
+	if h == nil || h.cfg == nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, gin.H{"error": "config unavailable"})
+		return
+	}
+	if h.cfg.AuthDir == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, gin.H{"error": "auth directory not configured"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	fileHeader, err := c.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "file required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	file, err := fileHeader.Open()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("failed to read file: %v", err)})
+		return
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("failed to read file: %v", err)})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var serviceAccount map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &serviceAccount); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid json", "message": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	normalizedSA, err := vertex.NormalizeServiceAccountMap(serviceAccount)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid service account", "message": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	serviceAccount = normalizedSA
+
+	projectID := strings.TrimSpace(valueAsString(serviceAccount["project_id"]))
+	if projectID == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "project_id missing"})
+		return
+	}
+	email := strings.TrimSpace(valueAsString(serviceAccount["client_email"]))
+
+	location := strings.TrimSpace(c.PostForm("location"))
+	if location == "" {
+		location = strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("location"))
+	}
+	if location == "" {
+		location = "us-central1"
+	}
+
+	fileName := fmt.Sprintf("vertex-%s.json", sanitizeVertexFilePart(projectID))
+	label := labelForVertex(projectID, email)
+	storage := &vertex.VertexCredentialStorage{
+		ServiceAccount: serviceAccount,
+		ProjectID:      projectID,
+		Email:          email,
+		Location:       location,
+		Type:           "vertex",
+	}
+	metadata := map[string]any{
+		"service_account": serviceAccount,
+		"project_id":      projectID,
+		"email":           email,
+		"location":        location,
+		"type":            "vertex",
+		"label":           label,
+	}
+	record := &coreauth.Auth{
+		ID:       fileName,
+		Provider: "vertex",
+		FileName: fileName,
+		Storage:  storage,
+		Label:    label,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	if reqCtx := c.Request.Context(); reqCtx != nil {
+		ctx = reqCtx
+	}
+	savedPath, err := h.saveTokenRecord(ctx, record)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "save_failed", "message": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"status":     "ok",
+		"auth-file":  savedPath,
+		"project_id": projectID,
+		"email":      email,
+		"location":   location,
+	})
+}
+
+func valueAsString(v any) string {
+	if v == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return t
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprint(t)
+	}
+}
+
+func sanitizeVertexFilePart(s string) string {
+	out := strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	replacers := []string{"/", "_", "\\", "_", ":", "_", " ", "-"}
+	for i := 0; i < len(replacers); i += 2 {
+		out = strings.ReplaceAll(out, replacers[i], replacers[i+1])
+	}
+	if out == "" {
+		return "vertex"
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func labelForVertex(projectID, email string) string {
+	p := strings.TrimSpace(projectID)
+	e := strings.TrimSpace(email)
+	if p != "" && e != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", p, e)
+	}
+	if p != "" {
+		return p
+	}
+	if e != "" {
+		return e
+	}
+	return "vertex"
+}

internal/api/middleware/request_logging.go

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ import (
 // logger, the middleware has minimal overhead.
 func RequestLoggingMiddleware(logger logging.RequestLogger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
-		path := c.Request.URL.Path
-		shouldLog := false
-		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v1") {
-			shouldLog = true
+		if logger == nil {
+			c.Next()
+			return
 		}
 
-		if !shouldLog {
+		path := c.Request.URL.Path
+		if !shouldLogRequest(path) {
 			c.Next()
 			return
 		}
@@ -101,3 +101,13 @@ func captureRequestInfo(c *gin.Context) (*RequestInfo, error) {
 		Body:    body,
 	}, nil
 }
+
+// shouldLogRequest determines whether the request should be logged.
+// It skips management endpoints to avoid leaking secrets but allows
+// all other routes, including module-provided ones, to honor request-log.
+func shouldLogRequest(path string) bool {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v0/management") || strings.HasPrefix(path, "/management") {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/amp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Package amp implements the Amp CLI routing module, providing OAuth-based
+// integration with Amp CLI for ChatGPT and Anthropic subscriptions.
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/api/modules"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	sdkaccess "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/access"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Option configures the AmpModule.
+type Option func(*AmpModule)
+
+// AmpModule implements the RouteModuleV2 interface for Amp CLI integration.
+// It provides:
+//   - Reverse proxy to Amp control plane for OAuth/management
+//   - Provider-specific route aliases (/api/provider/{provider}/...)
+//   - Automatic gzip decompression for misconfigured upstreams
+type AmpModule struct {
+	secretSource    SecretSource
+	proxy           *httputil.ReverseProxy
+	accessManager   *sdkaccess.Manager
+	authMiddleware_ gin.HandlerFunc
+	enabled         bool
+	registerOnce    sync.Once
+}
+
+// New creates a new Amp routing module with the given options.
+// This is the preferred constructor using the Option pattern.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	ampModule := amp.New(
+//	    amp.WithAccessManager(accessManager),
+//	    amp.WithAuthMiddleware(authMiddleware),
+//	    amp.WithSecretSource(customSecret),
+//	)
+func New(opts ...Option) *AmpModule {
+	m := &AmpModule{
+		secretSource: nil, // Will be created on demand if not provided
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(m)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// NewLegacy creates a new Amp routing module using the legacy constructor signature.
+// This is provided for backwards compatibility.
+//
+// DEPRECATED: Use New with options instead.
+func NewLegacy(accessManager *sdkaccess.Manager, authMiddleware gin.HandlerFunc) *AmpModule {
+	return New(
+		WithAccessManager(accessManager),
+		WithAuthMiddleware(authMiddleware),
+	)
+}
+
+// WithSecretSource sets a custom secret source for the module.
+func WithSecretSource(source SecretSource) Option {
+	return func(m *AmpModule) {
+		m.secretSource = source
+	}
+}
+
+// WithAccessManager sets the access manager for the module.
+func WithAccessManager(am *sdkaccess.Manager) Option {
+	return func(m *AmpModule) {
+		m.accessManager = am
+	}
+}
+
+// WithAuthMiddleware sets the authentication middleware for provider routes.
+func WithAuthMiddleware(middleware gin.HandlerFunc) Option {
+	return func(m *AmpModule) {
+		m.authMiddleware_ = middleware
+	}
+}
+
+// Name returns the module identifier
+func (m *AmpModule) Name() string {
+	return "amp-routing"
+}
+
+// Register sets up Amp routes if configured.
+// This implements the RouteModuleV2 interface with Context.
+// Routes are registered only once via sync.Once for idempotent behavior.
+func (m *AmpModule) Register(ctx modules.Context) error {
+	upstreamURL := strings.TrimSpace(ctx.Config.AmpUpstreamURL)
+
+	// Determine auth middleware (from module or context)
+	auth := m.getAuthMiddleware(ctx)
+
+	// Use registerOnce to ensure routes are only registered once
+	var regErr error
+	m.registerOnce.Do(func() {
+		// Always register provider aliases - these work without an upstream
+		m.registerProviderAliases(ctx.Engine, ctx.BaseHandler, auth)
+
+		// If no upstream URL, skip proxy routes but provider aliases are still available
+		if upstreamURL == "" {
+			log.Debug("Amp upstream proxy disabled (no upstream URL configured)")
+			log.Debug("Amp provider alias routes registered")
+			m.enabled = false
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Create secret source with precedence: config > env > file
+		// Cache secrets for 5 minutes to reduce file I/O
+		if m.secretSource == nil {
+			m.secretSource = NewMultiSourceSecret(ctx.Config.AmpUpstreamAPIKey, 0 /* default 5min */)
+		}
+
+		// Create reverse proxy with gzip handling via ModifyResponse
+		proxy, err := createReverseProxy(upstreamURL, m.secretSource)
+		if err != nil {
+			regErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to create amp proxy: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		m.proxy = proxy
+		m.enabled = true
+
+		// Register management proxy routes (requires upstream)
+		// Restrict to localhost by default for security (prevents drive-by browser attacks)
+		handler := proxyHandler(proxy)
+		m.registerManagementRoutes(ctx.Engine, ctx.BaseHandler, handler, ctx.Config.AmpRestrictManagementToLocalhost)
+
+		log.Infof("Amp upstream proxy enabled for: %s", upstreamURL)
+		log.Debug("Amp provider alias routes registered")
+	})
+
+	return regErr
+}
+
+// getAuthMiddleware returns the authentication middleware, preferring the
+// module's configured middleware, then the context middleware, then a fallback.
+func (m *AmpModule) getAuthMiddleware(ctx modules.Context) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	if m.authMiddleware_ != nil {
+		return m.authMiddleware_
+	}
+	if ctx.AuthMiddleware != nil {
+		return ctx.AuthMiddleware
+	}
+	// Fallback: no authentication (should not happen in production)
+	log.Warn("Amp module: no auth middleware provided, allowing all requests")
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// OnConfigUpdated handles configuration updates.
+// Currently requires restart for URL changes (could be enhanced for dynamic updates).
+func (m *AmpModule) OnConfigUpdated(cfg *config.Config) error {
+	if !m.enabled {
+		log.Debug("Amp routing not enabled, skipping config update")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	upstreamURL := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.AmpUpstreamURL)
+	if upstreamURL == "" {
+		log.Warn("Amp upstream URL removed from config, restart required to disable")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// If API key changed, invalidate the cache
+	if m.secretSource != nil {
+		if ms, ok := m.secretSource.(*MultiSourceSecret); ok {
+			ms.InvalidateCache()
+			log.Debug("Amp secret cache invalidated due to config update")
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("Amp config updated (restart required for URL changes)")
+	return nil
+}
+
+

internal/api/modules/amp/amp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/api/modules"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	sdkaccess "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/access"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers"
+)
+
+func TestAmpModule_Name(t *testing.T) {
+	m := New()
+	if m.Name() != "amp-routing" {
+		t.Fatalf("want amp-routing, got %s", m.Name())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_New(t *testing.T) {
+	accessManager := sdkaccess.NewManager()
+	authMiddleware := func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() }
+
+	m := NewLegacy(accessManager, authMiddleware)
+
+	if m.accessManager != accessManager {
+		t.Fatal("accessManager not set")
+	}
+	if m.authMiddleware_ == nil {
+		t.Fatal("authMiddleware not set")
+	}
+	if m.enabled {
+		t.Fatal("enabled should be false initially")
+	}
+	if m.proxy != nil {
+		t.Fatal("proxy should be nil initially")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_Register_WithUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	// Fake upstream to ensure URL is valid
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(nil)
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	accessManager := sdkaccess.NewManager()
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := NewLegacy(accessManager, func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() })
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		AmpUpstreamURL:    upstream.URL,
+		AmpUpstreamAPIKey: "test-key",
+	}
+
+	ctx := modules.Context{Engine: r, BaseHandler: base, Config: cfg, AuthMiddleware: func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() }}
+	if err := m.Register(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !m.enabled {
+		t.Fatal("module should be enabled with upstream URL")
+	}
+	if m.proxy == nil {
+		t.Fatal("proxy should be initialized")
+	}
+	if m.secretSource == nil {
+		t.Fatal("secretSource should be initialized")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_Register_WithoutUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	accessManager := sdkaccess.NewManager()
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := NewLegacy(accessManager, func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() })
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		AmpUpstreamURL: "", // No upstream
+	}
+
+	ctx := modules.Context{Engine: r, BaseHandler: base, Config: cfg, AuthMiddleware: func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() }}
+	if err := m.Register(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register should not error without upstream: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if m.enabled {
+		t.Fatal("module should be disabled without upstream URL")
+	}
+	if m.proxy != nil {
+		t.Fatal("proxy should not be initialized without upstream")
+	}
+
+	// But provider aliases should still be registered
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/provider/openai/models", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code == 404 {
+		t.Fatal("provider aliases should be registered even without upstream")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_Register_InvalidUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	accessManager := sdkaccess.NewManager()
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := NewLegacy(accessManager, func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() })
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		AmpUpstreamURL: "://invalid-url",
+	}
+
+	ctx := modules.Context{Engine: r, BaseHandler: base, Config: cfg, AuthMiddleware: func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() }}
+	if err := m.Register(ctx); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid upstream URL")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_OnConfigUpdated_CacheInvalidation(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "secrets.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"v1"}`), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	m := &AmpModule{enabled: true}
+	ms := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", p, time.Minute)
+	m.secretSource = ms
+
+	// Warm the cache
+	if _, err := ms.Get(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if ms.cache == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected cache to be set")
+	}
+
+	// Update config - should invalidate cache
+	if err := m.OnConfigUpdated(&config.Config{AmpUpstreamURL: "http://x"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if ms.cache != nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected cache to be invalidated")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_OnConfigUpdated_NotEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	m := &AmpModule{enabled: false}
+
+	// Should not error or panic when disabled
+	if err := m.OnConfigUpdated(&config.Config{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_OnConfigUpdated_URLRemoved(t *testing.T) {
+	m := &AmpModule{enabled: true}
+	ms := NewMultiSourceSecret("", 0)
+	m.secretSource = ms
+
+	// Config update with empty URL - should log warning but not error
+	cfg := &config.Config{AmpUpstreamURL: ""}
+
+	if err := m.OnConfigUpdated(cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_OnConfigUpdated_NonMultiSourceSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that OnConfigUpdated doesn't panic with StaticSecretSource
+	m := &AmpModule{enabled: true}
+	m.secretSource = NewStaticSecretSource("static-key")
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{AmpUpstreamURL: "http://example.com"}
+
+	// Should not error or panic
+	if err := m.OnConfigUpdated(cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_AuthMiddleware_Fallback(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	// Create module with no auth middleware
+	m := &AmpModule{authMiddleware_: nil}
+
+	// Get the fallback middleware via getAuthMiddleware
+	ctx := modules.Context{Engine: r, AuthMiddleware: nil}
+	middleware := m.getAuthMiddleware(ctx)
+
+	if middleware == nil {
+		t.Fatal("getAuthMiddleware should return a fallback, not nil")
+	}
+
+	// Test that it works
+	called := false
+	r.GET("/test", middleware, func(c *gin.Context) {
+		called = true
+		c.String(200, "ok")
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if !called {
+		t.Fatal("fallback middleware should allow requests through")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_SecretSource_FromConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(nil)
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	accessManager := sdkaccess.NewManager()
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := NewLegacy(accessManager, func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() })
+
+	// Config with explicit API key
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		AmpUpstreamURL:    upstream.URL,
+		AmpUpstreamAPIKey: "config-key",
+	}
+
+	ctx := modules.Context{Engine: r, BaseHandler: base, Config: cfg, AuthMiddleware: func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() }}
+	if err := m.Register(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Secret source should be MultiSourceSecret with config key
+	if m.secretSource == nil {
+		t.Fatal("secretSource should be set")
+	}
+
+	// Verify it returns the config key
+	key, err := m.secretSource.Get(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Get error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if key != "config-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("want config-key, got %s", key)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAmpModule_ProviderAliasesAlwaysRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	scenarios := []struct {
+		name      string
+		configURL string
+	}{
+		{"with_upstream", "http://example.com"},
+		{"without_upstream", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, scenario := range scenarios {
+		t.Run(scenario.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			r := gin.New()
+			accessManager := sdkaccess.NewManager()
+			base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+			m := NewLegacy(accessManager, func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() })
+
+			cfg := &config.Config{AmpUpstreamURL: scenario.configURL}
+
+			ctx := modules.Context{Engine: r, BaseHandler: base, Config: cfg, AuthMiddleware: func(c *gin.Context) { c.Next() }}
+			if err := m.Register(ctx); err != nil && scenario.configURL != "" {
+				t.Fatalf("register error: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			// Provider aliases should always be available
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/provider/openai/models", nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			if w.Code == 404 {
+				t.Fatal("provider aliases should be registered")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/fallback_handlers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// FallbackHandler wraps a standard handler with fallback logic to ampcode.com
+// when the model's provider is not available in CLIProxyAPI
+type FallbackHandler struct {
+	getProxy func() *httputil.ReverseProxy
+}
+
+// NewFallbackHandler creates a new fallback handler wrapper
+// The getProxy function allows lazy evaluation of the proxy (useful when proxy is created after routes)
+func NewFallbackHandler(getProxy func() *httputil.ReverseProxy) *FallbackHandler {
+	return &FallbackHandler{
+		getProxy: getProxy,
+	}
+}
+
+// WrapHandler wraps a gin.HandlerFunc with fallback logic
+// If the model's provider is not configured in CLIProxyAPI, it forwards to ampcode.com
+func (fh *FallbackHandler) WrapHandler(handler gin.HandlerFunc) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// Read the request body to extract the model name
+		bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("amp fallback: failed to read request body: %v", err)
+			handler(c)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Restore the body for the handler to read
+		c.Request.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
+
+		// Try to extract model from request body or URL path (for Gemini)
+		modelName := extractModelFromRequest(bodyBytes, c)
+		if modelName == "" {
+			// Can't determine model, proceed with normal handler
+			handler(c)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Normalize model (handles Gemini thinking suffixes)
+		normalizedModel, _ := util.NormalizeGeminiThinkingModel(modelName)
+
+		// Check if we have providers for this model
+		providers := util.GetProviderName(normalizedModel)
+
+		if len(providers) == 0 {
+			// No providers configured - check if we have a proxy for fallback
+			proxy := fh.getProxy()
+			if proxy != nil {
+				// Fallback to ampcode.com
+				log.Infof("amp fallback: model %s has no configured provider, forwarding to ampcode.com", modelName)
+
+				// Restore body again for the proxy
+				c.Request.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
+
+				// Forward to ampcode.com
+				proxy.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
+				return
+			}
+
+			// No proxy available, let the normal handler return the error
+			log.Debugf("amp fallback: model %s has no configured provider and no proxy available", modelName)
+		}
+
+		// Providers available or no proxy for fallback, restore body and use normal handler
+		// Filter Anthropic-Beta header to remove features requiring special subscription
+		// This is needed when using local providers (bypassing the Amp proxy)
+		if betaHeader := c.Request.Header.Get("Anthropic-Beta"); betaHeader != "" {
+			filtered := filterBetaFeatures(betaHeader, "context-1m-2025-08-07")
+			if filtered != "" {
+				c.Request.Header.Set("Anthropic-Beta", filtered)
+			} else {
+				c.Request.Header.Del("Anthropic-Beta")
+			}
+		}
+
+		c.Request.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
+		handler(c)
+	}
+}
+
+// extractModelFromRequest attempts to extract the model name from various request formats
+func extractModelFromRequest(body []byte, c *gin.Context) string {
+	// First try to parse from JSON body (OpenAI, Claude, etc.)
+	var payload map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &payload); err == nil {
+		// Check common model field names
+		if model, ok := payload["model"].(string); ok {
+			return model
+		}
+	}
+
+	// For Gemini requests, model is in the URL path
+	// Standard format: /models/{model}:generateContent -> :action parameter
+	if action := c.Param("action"); action != "" {
+		// Split by colon to get model name (e.g., "gemini-pro:generateContent" -> "gemini-pro")
+		parts := strings.Split(action, ":")
+		if len(parts) > 0 && parts[0] != "" {
+			return parts[0]
+		}
+	}
+
+	// AMP CLI format: /publishers/google/models/{model}:method -> *path parameter
+	// Example: /publishers/google/models/gemini-3-pro-preview:streamGenerateContent
+	if path := c.Param("path"); path != "" {
+		// Look for /models/{model}:method pattern
+		if idx := strings.Index(path, "/models/"); idx >= 0 {
+			modelPart := path[idx+8:] // Skip "/models/"
+			// Split by colon to get model name
+			if colonIdx := strings.Index(modelPart, ":"); colonIdx > 0 {
+				return modelPart[:colonIdx]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/gemini_bridge.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers/gemini"
+)
+
+// createGeminiBridgeHandler creates a handler that bridges AMP CLI's non-standard Gemini paths
+// to our standard Gemini handler by rewriting the request context.
+//
+// AMP CLI format: /publishers/google/models/gemini-3-pro-preview:streamGenerateContent
+// Standard format: /models/gemini-3-pro-preview:streamGenerateContent
+//
+// This extracts the model+method from the AMP path and sets it as the :action parameter
+// so the standard Gemini handler can process it.
+func createGeminiBridgeHandler(geminiHandler *gemini.GeminiAPIHandler) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// Get the full path from the catch-all parameter
+		path := c.Param("path")
+
+		// Extract model:method from AMP CLI path format
+		// Example: /publishers/google/models/gemini-3-pro-preview:streamGenerateContent
+		if idx := strings.Index(path, "/models/"); idx >= 0 {
+			// Extract everything after "/models/"
+			actionPart := path[idx+8:] // Skip "/models/"
+
+			// Set this as the :action parameter that the Gemini handler expects
+			c.Params = append(c.Params, gin.Param{
+				Key:   "action",
+				Value: actionPart,
+			})
+
+			// Call the standard Gemini handler
+			geminiHandler.GeminiHandler(c)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// If we can't parse the path, return 400
+		c.JSON(400, gin.H{
+			"error": "Invalid Gemini API path format",
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/proxy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// readCloser wraps a reader and forwards Close to a separate closer.
+// Used to restore peeked bytes while preserving upstream body Close behavior.
+type readCloser struct {
+	r io.Reader
+	c io.Closer
+}
+
+func (rc *readCloser) Read(p []byte) (int, error) { return rc.r.Read(p) }
+func (rc *readCloser) Close() error               { return rc.c.Close() }
+
+// createReverseProxy creates a reverse proxy handler for Amp upstream
+// with automatic gzip decompression via ModifyResponse
+func createReverseProxy(upstreamURL string, secretSource SecretSource) (*httputil.ReverseProxy, error) {
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(upstreamURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid amp upstream url: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	proxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(parsed)
+	originalDirector := proxy.Director
+
+	// Modify outgoing requests to inject API key and fix routing
+	proxy.Director = func(req *http.Request) {
+		originalDirector(req)
+		req.Host = parsed.Host
+
+		// Preserve correlation headers for debugging
+		if req.Header.Get("X-Request-ID") == "" {
+			// Could generate one here if needed
+		}
+
+		// Note: We do NOT filter Anthropic-Beta headers in the proxy path
+		// Users going through ampcode.com proxy are paying for the service and should get all features
+		// including 1M context window (context-1m-2025-08-07)
+
+		// Inject API key from secret source (precedence: config > env > file)
+		if key, err := secretSource.Get(req.Context()); err == nil && key != "" {
+			req.Header.Set("X-Api-Key", key)
+			req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", key))
+		} else if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("amp secret source error (continuing without auth): %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Modify incoming responses to handle gzip without Content-Encoding
+	// This addresses the same issue as inline handler gzip handling, but at the proxy level
+	proxy.ModifyResponse = func(resp *http.Response) error {
+		// Only process successful responses
+		if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// Skip if already marked as gzip (Content-Encoding set)
+		if resp.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") != "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// Skip streaming responses (SSE, chunked)
+		if isStreamingResponse(resp) {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// Save reference to original upstream body for proper cleanup
+		originalBody := resp.Body
+
+		// Peek at first 2 bytes to detect gzip magic bytes
+		header := make([]byte, 2)
+		n, _ := io.ReadFull(originalBody, header)
+		
+		// Check for gzip magic bytes (0x1f 0x8b)
+		// If n < 2, we didn't get enough bytes, so it's not gzip
+		if n >= 2 && header[0] == 0x1f && header[1] == 0x8b {
+			// It's gzip - read the rest of the body
+			rest, err := io.ReadAll(originalBody)
+			if err != nil {
+				// Restore what we read and return original body (preserve Close behavior)
+				resp.Body = &readCloser{
+					r: io.MultiReader(bytes.NewReader(header[:n]), originalBody),
+					c: originalBody,
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+			
+			// Reconstruct complete gzipped data
+			gzippedData := append(header[:n], rest...)
+
+			// Decompress
+			gzipReader, err := gzip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(gzippedData))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("amp proxy: gzip header detected but decompress failed: %v", err)
+				// Close original body and return in-memory copy
+				_ = originalBody.Close()
+				resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(gzippedData))
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			decompressed, err := io.ReadAll(gzipReader)
+			_ = gzipReader.Close()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("amp proxy: gzip decompress error: %v", err)
+				// Close original body and return in-memory copy
+				_ = originalBody.Close()
+				resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(gzippedData))
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			// Close original body since we're replacing with in-memory decompressed content
+			_ = originalBody.Close()
+
+			// Replace body with decompressed content
+			resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(decompressed))
+			resp.ContentLength = int64(len(decompressed))
+
+			// Update headers to reflect decompressed state
+			resp.Header.Del("Content-Encoding")                                      // No longer compressed
+			resp.Header.Del("Content-Length")                                        // Remove stale compressed length
+			resp.Header.Set("Content-Length", strconv.FormatInt(resp.ContentLength, 10)) // Set decompressed length
+
+			log.Debugf("amp proxy: decompressed gzip response (%d -> %d bytes)", len(gzippedData), len(decompressed))
+		} else {
+			// Not gzip - restore peeked bytes while preserving Close behavior
+			// Handle edge cases: n might be 0, 1, or 2 depending on EOF
+			resp.Body = &readCloser{
+				r: io.MultiReader(bytes.NewReader(header[:n]), originalBody),
+				c: originalBody,
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Error handler for proxy failures
+	proxy.ErrorHandler = func(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, err error) {
+		log.Errorf("amp upstream proxy error for %s %s: %v", req.Method, req.URL.Path, err)
+		rw.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
+		_, _ = rw.Write([]byte(`{"error":"amp_upstream_proxy_error","message":"Failed to reach Amp upstream"}`))
+	}
+
+	return proxy, nil
+}
+
+// isStreamingResponse detects if the response is streaming (SSE only)
+// Note: We only treat text/event-stream as streaming. Chunked transfer encoding
+// is a transport-level detail and doesn't mean we can't decompress the full response.
+// Many JSON APIs use chunked encoding for normal responses.
+func isStreamingResponse(resp *http.Response) bool {
+	contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+
+	// Only Server-Sent Events are true streaming responses
+	if strings.Contains(contentType, "text/event-stream") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// proxyHandler converts httputil.ReverseProxy to gin.HandlerFunc
+func proxyHandler(proxy *httputil.ReverseProxy) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		proxy.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
+	}
+}
+
+// filterBetaFeatures removes a specific beta feature from comma-separated list
+func filterBetaFeatures(header, featureToRemove string) string {
+	features := strings.Split(header, ",")
+	filtered := make([]string, 0, len(features))
+
+	for _, feature := range features {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(feature)
+		if trimmed != "" && trimmed != featureToRemove {
+			filtered = append(filtered, trimmed)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(filtered, ",")
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/proxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Helper: compress data with gzip
+func gzipBytes(b []byte) []byte {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	zw := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+	zw.Write(b)
+	zw.Close()
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// Helper: create a mock http.Response
+func mkResp(status int, hdr http.Header, body []byte) *http.Response {
+	if hdr == nil {
+		hdr = http.Header{}
+	}
+	return &http.Response{
+		StatusCode:    status,
+		Header:        hdr,
+		Body:          io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(body)),
+		ContentLength: int64(len(body)),
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateReverseProxy_ValidURL(t *testing.T) {
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy("http://example.com", NewStaticSecretSource("key"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if proxy == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected proxy to be created")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateReverseProxy_InvalidURL(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := createReverseProxy("://invalid", NewStaticSecretSource("key"))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid URL")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestModifyResponse_GzipScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy("http://example.com", NewStaticSecretSource("k"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	goodJSON := []byte(`{"ok":true}`)
+	good := gzipBytes(goodJSON)
+	truncated := good[:10]
+	corrupted := append([]byte{0x1f, 0x8b}, []byte("notgzip")...)
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		header   http.Header
+		body     []byte
+		status   int
+		wantBody []byte
+		wantCE   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "decompresses_valid_gzip_no_header",
+			header:   http.Header{},
+			body:     good,
+			status:   200,
+			wantBody: goodJSON,
+			wantCE:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "skips_when_ce_present",
+			header:   http.Header{"Content-Encoding": []string{"gzip"}},
+			body:     good,
+			status:   200,
+			wantBody: good,
+			wantCE:   "gzip",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "passes_truncated_unchanged",
+			header:   http.Header{},
+			body:     truncated,
+			status:   200,
+			wantBody: truncated,
+			wantCE:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "passes_corrupted_unchanged",
+			header:   http.Header{},
+			body:     corrupted,
+			status:   200,
+			wantBody: corrupted,
+			wantCE:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "non_gzip_unchanged",
+			header:   http.Header{},
+			body:     []byte("plain"),
+			status:   200,
+			wantBody: []byte("plain"),
+			wantCE:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty_body",
+			header:   http.Header{},
+			body:     []byte{},
+			status:   200,
+			wantBody: []byte{},
+			wantCE:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single_byte_body",
+			header:   http.Header{},
+			body:     []byte{0x1f},
+			status:   200,
+			wantBody: []byte{0x1f},
+			wantCE:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "skips_non_2xx_status",
+			header:   http.Header{},
+			body:     good,
+			status:   404,
+			wantBody: good,
+			wantCE:   "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resp := mkResp(tc.status, tc.header, tc.body)
+			if err := proxy.ModifyResponse(resp); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("ModifyResponse error: %v", err)
+			}
+			got, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("ReadAll error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if !bytes.Equal(got, tc.wantBody) {
+				t.Fatalf("body mismatch:\nwant: %q\ngot:  %q", tc.wantBody, got)
+			}
+			if ce := resp.Header.Get("Content-Encoding"); ce != tc.wantCE {
+				t.Fatalf("Content-Encoding: want %q, got %q", tc.wantCE, ce)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestModifyResponse_UpdatesContentLengthHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy("http://example.com", NewStaticSecretSource("k"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	goodJSON := []byte(`{"message":"test response"}`)
+	gzipped := gzipBytes(goodJSON)
+
+	// Simulate upstream response with gzip body AND Content-Length header
+	// (this is the scenario the bot flagged - stale Content-Length after decompression)
+	resp := mkResp(200, http.Header{
+		"Content-Length": []string{fmt.Sprintf("%d", len(gzipped))}, // Compressed size
+	}, gzipped)
+
+	if err := proxy.ModifyResponse(resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ModifyResponse error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify body is decompressed
+	got, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if !bytes.Equal(got, goodJSON) {
+		t.Fatalf("body should be decompressed, got: %q, want: %q", got, goodJSON)
+	}
+
+	// Verify Content-Length header is updated to decompressed size
+	wantCL := fmt.Sprintf("%d", len(goodJSON))
+	gotCL := resp.Header.Get("Content-Length")
+	if gotCL != wantCL {
+		t.Fatalf("Content-Length header mismatch: want %q (decompressed), got %q", wantCL, gotCL)
+	}
+
+	// Verify struct field also matches
+	if resp.ContentLength != int64(len(goodJSON)) {
+		t.Fatalf("resp.ContentLength mismatch: want %d, got %d", len(goodJSON), resp.ContentLength)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestModifyResponse_SkipsStreamingResponses(t *testing.T) {
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy("http://example.com", NewStaticSecretSource("k"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	goodJSON := []byte(`{"ok":true}`)
+	gzipped := gzipBytes(goodJSON)
+
+	t.Run("sse_skips_decompression", func(t *testing.T) {
+		resp := mkResp(200, http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}}, gzipped)
+		if err := proxy.ModifyResponse(resp); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ModifyResponse error: %v", err)
+		}
+		// SSE should NOT be decompressed
+		got, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if !bytes.Equal(got, gzipped) {
+			t.Fatal("SSE response should not be decompressed")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestModifyResponse_DecompressesChunkedJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy("http://example.com", NewStaticSecretSource("k"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	goodJSON := []byte(`{"ok":true}`)
+	gzipped := gzipBytes(goodJSON)
+
+	t.Run("chunked_json_decompresses", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Chunked JSON responses (like thread APIs) should be decompressed
+		resp := mkResp(200, http.Header{"Transfer-Encoding": []string{"chunked"}}, gzipped)
+		if err := proxy.ModifyResponse(resp); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ModifyResponse error: %v", err)
+		}
+		// Should decompress because it's not SSE
+		got, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if !bytes.Equal(got, goodJSON) {
+			t.Fatalf("chunked JSON should be decompressed, got: %q, want: %q", got, goodJSON)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxy_InjectsHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	gotHeaders := make(chan http.Header, 1)
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotHeaders <- r.Header.Clone()
+		w.WriteHeader(200)
+		w.Write([]byte(`ok`))
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy(upstream.URL, NewStaticSecretSource("secret"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	res, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	res.Body.Close()
+
+	hdr := <-gotHeaders
+	if hdr.Get("X-Api-Key") != "secret" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-Api-Key missing or wrong, got: %q", hdr.Get("X-Api-Key"))
+	}
+	if hdr.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer secret" {
+		t.Fatalf("Authorization missing or wrong, got: %q", hdr.Get("Authorization"))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxy_EmptySecret(t *testing.T) {
+	gotHeaders := make(chan http.Header, 1)
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotHeaders <- r.Header.Clone()
+		w.WriteHeader(200)
+		w.Write([]byte(`ok`))
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy(upstream.URL, NewStaticSecretSource(""))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	res, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	res.Body.Close()
+
+	hdr := <-gotHeaders
+	// Should NOT inject headers when secret is empty
+	if hdr.Get("X-Api-Key") != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-Api-Key should not be set, got: %q", hdr.Get("X-Api-Key"))
+	}
+	if authVal := hdr.Get("Authorization"); authVal != "" && authVal != "Bearer " {
+		t.Fatalf("Authorization should not be set, got: %q", authVal)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxy_ErrorHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	// Point proxy to a non-routable address to trigger error
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy("http://127.0.0.1:1", NewStaticSecretSource(""))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	res, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/any")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	res.Body.Close()
+
+	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusBadGateway {
+		t.Fatalf("want 502, got %d", res.StatusCode)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(body, []byte(`"amp_upstream_proxy_error"`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected body: %s", body)
+	}
+	if ct := res.Header.Get("Content-Type"); ct != "application/json" {
+		t.Fatalf("content-type: want application/json, got %s", ct)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxy_FullRoundTrip_Gzip(t *testing.T) {
+	// Upstream returns gzipped JSON without Content-Encoding header
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(200)
+		w.Write(gzipBytes([]byte(`{"upstream":"ok"}`)))
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy(upstream.URL, NewStaticSecretSource("key"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	res, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	res.Body.Close()
+
+	expected := []byte(`{"upstream":"ok"}`)
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("want decompressed JSON, got: %s", body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxy_FullRoundTrip_PlainJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	// Upstream returns plain JSON
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(200)
+		w.Write([]byte(`{"plain":"json"}`))
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy(upstream.URL, NewStaticSecretSource("key"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	res, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	res.Body.Close()
+
+	expected := []byte(`{"plain":"json"}`)
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("want plain JSON unchanged, got: %s", body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsStreamingResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		header http.Header
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "sse",
+			header: http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}},
+			want:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "chunked_not_streaming",
+			header: http.Header{"Transfer-Encoding": []string{"chunked"}},
+			want:   false, // Chunked is transport-level, not streaming
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "normal_json",
+			header: http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "empty",
+			header: http.Header{},
+			want:   false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resp := &http.Response{Header: tc.header}
+			got := isStreamingResponse(resp)
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("want %v, got %v", tc.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterBetaFeatures(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		header         string
+		featureToRemove string
+		expected       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Remove context-1m from middle",
+			header:         "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14,context-1m-2025-08-07,oauth-2025-04-20",
+			featureToRemove: "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			expected:       "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14,oauth-2025-04-20",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Remove context-1m from start",
+			header:         "context-1m-2025-08-07,fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14",
+			featureToRemove: "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			expected:       "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Remove context-1m from end",
+			header:         "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14,context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			featureToRemove: "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			expected:       "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Feature not present",
+			header:         "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14,oauth-2025-04-20",
+			featureToRemove: "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			expected:       "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14,oauth-2025-04-20",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Only feature to remove",
+			header:         "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			featureToRemove: "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			expected:       "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Empty header",
+			header:         "",
+			featureToRemove: "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			expected:       "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Header with spaces",
+			header:         "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14, context-1m-2025-08-07 , oauth-2025-04-20",
+			featureToRemove: "context-1m-2025-08-07",
+			expected:       "fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14,oauth-2025-04-20",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := filterBetaFeatures(tt.header, tt.featureToRemove)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("filterBetaFeatures() = %q, want %q", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/routes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers/claude"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers/gemini"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers/openai"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// localhostOnlyMiddleware restricts access to localhost (127.0.0.1, ::1) only.
+// Returns 403 Forbidden for non-localhost clients.
+//
+// Security: Uses RemoteAddr (actual TCP connection) instead of ClientIP() to prevent
+// header spoofing attacks via X-Forwarded-For or similar headers. This means the
+// middleware will not work correctly behind reverse proxies - users deploying behind
+// nginx/Cloudflare should disable this feature and use firewall rules instead.
+func localhostOnlyMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// Use actual TCP connection address (RemoteAddr) to prevent header spoofing
+		// This cannot be forged by X-Forwarded-For or other client-controlled headers
+		remoteAddr := c.Request.RemoteAddr
+
+		// RemoteAddr format is "IP:port" or "[IPv6]:port", extract just the IP
+		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(remoteAddr)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Try parsing as raw IP (shouldn't happen with standard HTTP, but be defensive)
+			host = remoteAddr
+		}
+
+		// Parse the IP to handle both IPv4 and IPv6
+		ip := net.ParseIP(host)
+		if ip == nil {
+			log.Warnf("Amp management: invalid RemoteAddr %s, denying access", remoteAddr)
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(403, gin.H{
+				"error": "Access denied: management routes restricted to localhost",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Check if IP is loopback (127.0.0.1 or ::1)
+		if !ip.IsLoopback() {
+			log.Warnf("Amp management: non-localhost connection from %s attempted access, denying", remoteAddr)
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(403, gin.H{
+				"error": "Access denied: management routes restricted to localhost",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// noCORSMiddleware disables CORS for management routes to prevent browser-based attacks.
+// This overwrites any global CORS headers set by the server.
+func noCORSMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// Remove CORS headers to prevent cross-origin access from browsers
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "")
+
+		// For OPTIONS preflight, deny with 403
+		if c.Request.Method == "OPTIONS" {
+			c.AbortWithStatus(403)
+			return
+		}
+
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// registerManagementRoutes registers Amp management proxy routes
+// These routes proxy through to the Amp control plane for OAuth, user management, etc.
+// If restrictToLocalhost is true, routes will only accept connections from 127.0.0.1/::1.
+func (m *AmpModule) registerManagementRoutes(engine *gin.Engine, baseHandler *handlers.BaseAPIHandler, proxyHandler gin.HandlerFunc, restrictToLocalhost bool) {
+	ampAPI := engine.Group("/api")
+
+	// Always disable CORS for management routes to prevent browser-based attacks
+	ampAPI.Use(noCORSMiddleware())
+
+	// Apply localhost-only restriction if configured
+	if restrictToLocalhost {
+		ampAPI.Use(localhostOnlyMiddleware())
+		log.Info("Amp management routes restricted to localhost only (CORS disabled)")
+	} else {
+		log.Warn("⚠️  Amp management routes are NOT restricted to localhost - this is insecure!")
+	}
+
+	// Management routes - these are proxied directly to Amp upstream
+	ampAPI.Any("/internal", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/internal/*path", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/user", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/user/*path", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/auth", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/auth/*path", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/meta", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/meta/*path", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/ads", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/telemetry", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/telemetry/*path", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/threads", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/threads/*path", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/otel", proxyHandler)
+	ampAPI.Any("/otel/*path", proxyHandler)
+
+	// Google v1beta1 passthrough with OAuth fallback
+	// AMP CLI uses non-standard paths like /publishers/google/models/...
+	// We bridge these to our standard Gemini handler to enable local OAuth.
+	// If no local OAuth is available, falls back to ampcode.com proxy.
+	geminiHandlers := gemini.NewGeminiAPIHandler(baseHandler)
+	geminiBridge := createGeminiBridgeHandler(geminiHandlers)
+	geminiV1Beta1Fallback := NewFallbackHandler(func() *httputil.ReverseProxy {
+		return m.proxy
+	})
+	geminiV1Beta1Handler := geminiV1Beta1Fallback.WrapHandler(geminiBridge)
+
+	// Route POST model calls through Gemini bridge when a local provider exists, otherwise proxy.
+	// All other methods (e.g., GET model listing) always proxy to upstream to preserve Amp CLI behavior.
+	ampAPI.Any("/provider/google/v1beta1/*path", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		if c.Request.Method == "POST" {
+			// Attempt to extract the model name from the AMP-style path
+			if path := c.Param("path"); strings.Contains(path, "/models/") {
+				modelPart := path[strings.Index(path, "/models/")+len("/models/"):]
+				if colonIdx := strings.Index(modelPart, ":"); colonIdx > 0 {
+					modelPart = modelPart[:colonIdx]
+				}
+				if modelPart != "" {
+					normalized, _ := util.NormalizeGeminiThinkingModel(modelPart)
+					// Only handle locally when we have a provider; otherwise fall back to proxy
+					if providers := util.GetProviderName(normalized); len(providers) > 0 {
+						geminiV1Beta1Handler(c)
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Non-POST or no local provider available -> proxy upstream
+		proxyHandler(c)
+	})
+}
+
+// registerProviderAliases registers /api/provider/{provider}/... routes
+// These allow Amp CLI to route requests like:
+//
+//	/api/provider/openai/v1/chat/completions
+//	/api/provider/anthropic/v1/messages
+//	/api/provider/google/v1beta/models
+func (m *AmpModule) registerProviderAliases(engine *gin.Engine, baseHandler *handlers.BaseAPIHandler, auth gin.HandlerFunc) {
+	// Create handler instances for different providers
+	openaiHandlers := openai.NewOpenAIAPIHandler(baseHandler)
+	geminiHandlers := gemini.NewGeminiAPIHandler(baseHandler)
+	claudeCodeHandlers := claude.NewClaudeCodeAPIHandler(baseHandler)
+	openaiResponsesHandlers := openai.NewOpenAIResponsesAPIHandler(baseHandler)
+
+	// Create fallback handler wrapper that forwards to ampcode.com when provider not found
+	// Uses lazy evaluation to access proxy (which is created after routes are registered)
+	fallbackHandler := NewFallbackHandler(func() *httputil.ReverseProxy {
+		return m.proxy
+	})
+
+	// Provider-specific routes under /api/provider/:provider
+	ampProviders := engine.Group("/api/provider")
+	if auth != nil {
+		ampProviders.Use(auth)
+	}
+
+	provider := ampProviders.Group("/:provider")
+
+	// Dynamic models handler - routes to appropriate provider based on path parameter
+	ampModelsHandler := func(c *gin.Context) {
+		providerName := strings.ToLower(c.Param("provider"))
+
+		switch providerName {
+		case "anthropic":
+			claudeCodeHandlers.ClaudeModels(c)
+		case "google":
+			geminiHandlers.GeminiModels(c)
+		default:
+			// Default to OpenAI-compatible (works for openai, groq, cerebras, etc.)
+			openaiHandlers.OpenAIModels(c)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Root-level routes (for providers that omit /v1, like groq/cerebras)
+	// Wrap handlers with fallback logic to forward to ampcode.com when provider not found
+	provider.GET("/models", ampModelsHandler) // Models endpoint doesn't need fallback (no body to check)
+	provider.POST("/chat/completions", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(openaiHandlers.ChatCompletions))
+	provider.POST("/completions", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(openaiHandlers.Completions))
+	provider.POST("/responses", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(openaiResponsesHandlers.Responses))
+
+	// /v1 routes (OpenAI/Claude-compatible endpoints)
+	v1Amp := provider.Group("/v1")
+	{
+		v1Amp.GET("/models", ampModelsHandler) // Models endpoint doesn't need fallback
+
+		// OpenAI-compatible endpoints with fallback
+		v1Amp.POST("/chat/completions", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(openaiHandlers.ChatCompletions))
+		v1Amp.POST("/completions", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(openaiHandlers.Completions))
+		v1Amp.POST("/responses", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(openaiResponsesHandlers.Responses))
+
+		// Claude/Anthropic-compatible endpoints with fallback
+		v1Amp.POST("/messages", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(claudeCodeHandlers.ClaudeMessages))
+		v1Amp.POST("/messages/count_tokens", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(claudeCodeHandlers.ClaudeCountTokens))
+	}
+
+	// /v1beta routes (Gemini native API)
+	// Note: Gemini handler extracts model from URL path, so fallback logic needs special handling
+	v1betaAmp := provider.Group("/v1beta")
+	{
+		v1betaAmp.GET("/models", geminiHandlers.GeminiModels)
+		v1betaAmp.POST("/models/:action", fallbackHandler.WrapHandler(geminiHandlers.GeminiHandler))
+		v1betaAmp.GET("/models/:action", geminiHandlers.GeminiGetHandler)
+	}
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/routes_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers"
+)
+
+func TestRegisterManagementRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	// Spy to track if proxy handler was called
+	proxyCalled := false
+	proxyHandler := func(c *gin.Context) {
+		proxyCalled = true
+		c.String(200, "proxied")
+	}
+
+	m := &AmpModule{}
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+	m.registerManagementRoutes(r, base, proxyHandler, false) // false = don't restrict to localhost in tests
+
+	managementPaths := []struct {
+		path   string
+		method string
+	}{
+		{"/api/internal", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/internal/some/path", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/user", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/user/profile", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/auth", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/auth/login", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/meta", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/telemetry", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/threads", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/otel", http.MethodGet},
+		// Google v1beta1 bridge should still proxy non-model requests (GET) and allow POST
+		{"/api/provider/google/v1beta1/models", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/provider/google/v1beta1/models", http.MethodPost},
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range managementPaths {
+		t.Run(path.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			proxyCalled = false
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(path.method, path.path, nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			if w.Code == http.StatusNotFound {
+				t.Fatalf("route %s not registered", path.path)
+			}
+			if !proxyCalled {
+				t.Fatalf("proxy handler not called for %s", path.path)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterProviderAliases_AllProvidersRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	// Minimal base handler setup (no need to initialize, just check routing)
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	// Track if auth middleware was called
+	authCalled := false
+	authMiddleware := func(c *gin.Context) {
+		authCalled = true
+		c.Header("X-Auth", "ok")
+		// Abort with success to avoid calling the actual handler (which needs full setup)
+		c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK)
+	}
+
+	m := &AmpModule{authMiddleware_: authMiddleware}
+	m.registerProviderAliases(r, base, authMiddleware)
+
+	paths := []struct {
+		path   string
+		method string
+	}{
+		{"/api/provider/openai/models", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/provider/anthropic/models", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/provider/google/models", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/provider/groq/models", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/provider/openai/chat/completions", http.MethodPost},
+		{"/api/provider/anthropic/v1/messages", http.MethodPost},
+		{"/api/provider/google/v1beta/models", http.MethodGet},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range paths {
+		t.Run(tc.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			authCalled = false
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(tc.method, tc.path, nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			if w.Code == http.StatusNotFound {
+				t.Fatalf("route %s %s not registered", tc.method, tc.path)
+			}
+			if !authCalled {
+				t.Fatalf("auth middleware not executed for %s", tc.path)
+			}
+			if w.Header().Get("X-Auth") != "ok" {
+				t.Fatalf("auth middleware header not set for %s", tc.path)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterProviderAliases_DynamicModelsHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := &AmpModule{authMiddleware_: func(c *gin.Context) { c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK) }}
+	m.registerProviderAliases(r, base, func(c *gin.Context) { c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK) })
+
+	providers := []string{"openai", "anthropic", "google", "groq", "cerebras"}
+
+	for _, provider := range providers {
+		t.Run(provider, func(t *testing.T) {
+			path := "/api/provider/" + provider + "/models"
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, path, nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			// Should not 404
+			if w.Code == http.StatusNotFound {
+				t.Fatalf("models route not found for provider: %s", provider)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterProviderAliases_V1Routes(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := &AmpModule{authMiddleware_: func(c *gin.Context) { c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK) }}
+	m.registerProviderAliases(r, base, func(c *gin.Context) { c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK) })
+
+	v1Paths := []struct {
+		path   string
+		method string
+	}{
+		{"/api/provider/openai/v1/models", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/provider/openai/v1/chat/completions", http.MethodPost},
+		{"/api/provider/openai/v1/completions", http.MethodPost},
+		{"/api/provider/anthropic/v1/messages", http.MethodPost},
+		{"/api/provider/anthropic/v1/messages/count_tokens", http.MethodPost},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range v1Paths {
+		t.Run(tc.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(tc.method, tc.path, nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			if w.Code == http.StatusNotFound {
+				t.Fatalf("v1 route %s %s not registered", tc.method, tc.path)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterProviderAliases_V1BetaRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := &AmpModule{authMiddleware_: func(c *gin.Context) { c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK) }}
+	m.registerProviderAliases(r, base, func(c *gin.Context) { c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK) })
+
+	v1betaPaths := []struct {
+		path   string
+		method string
+	}{
+		{"/api/provider/google/v1beta/models", http.MethodGet},
+		{"/api/provider/google/v1beta/models/generateContent", http.MethodPost},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range v1betaPaths {
+		t.Run(tc.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(tc.method, tc.path, nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			if w.Code == http.StatusNotFound {
+				t.Fatalf("v1beta route %s %s not registered", tc.method, tc.path)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterProviderAliases_NoAuthMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that routes still register even if auth middleware is nil (fallback behavior)
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	base := &handlers.BaseAPIHandler{}
+
+	m := &AmpModule{authMiddleware_: nil} // No auth middleware
+	m.registerProviderAliases(r, base, func(c *gin.Context) { c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusOK) })
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/provider/openai/models", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	// Should still work (with fallback no-op auth)
+	if w.Code == http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatal("routes should register even without auth middleware")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLocalhostOnlyMiddleware_PreventsSpoofing(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	// Apply localhost-only middleware
+	r.Use(localhostOnlyMiddleware())
+	r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
+	})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		remoteAddr     string
+		forwardedFor   string
+		expectedStatus int
+		description    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "spoofed_header_remote_connection",
+			remoteAddr:     "192.168.1.100:12345",
+			forwardedFor:   "127.0.0.1",
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
+			description:    "Spoofed X-Forwarded-For header should be ignored",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "real_localhost_ipv4",
+			remoteAddr:     "127.0.0.1:54321",
+			forwardedFor:   "",
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			description:    "Real localhost IPv4 connection should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "real_localhost_ipv6",
+			remoteAddr:     "[::1]:54321",
+			forwardedFor:   "",
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			description:    "Real localhost IPv6 connection should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "remote_ipv4",
+			remoteAddr:     "203.0.113.42:8080",
+			forwardedFor:   "",
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
+			description:    "Remote IPv4 connection should be blocked",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "remote_ipv6",
+			remoteAddr:     "[2001:db8::1]:9090",
+			forwardedFor:   "",
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
+			description:    "Remote IPv6 connection should be blocked",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "spoofed_localhost_ipv6",
+			remoteAddr:     "203.0.113.42:8080",
+			forwardedFor:   "::1",
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
+			description:    "Spoofed X-Forwarded-For with IPv6 localhost should be ignored",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/test", nil)
+			req.RemoteAddr = tt.remoteAddr
+			if tt.forwardedFor != "" {
+				req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", tt.forwardedFor)
+			}
+
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			if w.Code != tt.expectedStatus {
+				t.Errorf("%s: expected status %d, got %d", tt.description, tt.expectedStatus, w.Code)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/secret.go

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// SecretSource provides Amp API keys with configurable precedence and caching
+type SecretSource interface {
+	Get(ctx context.Context) (string, error)
+}
+
+// cachedSecret holds a secret value with expiration
+type cachedSecret struct {
+	value     string
+	expiresAt time.Time
+}
+
+// MultiSourceSecret implements precedence-based secret lookup:
+// 1. Explicit config value (highest priority)
+// 2. Environment variable AMP_API_KEY
+// 3. File-based secret (lowest priority)
+type MultiSourceSecret struct {
+	explicitKey string
+	envKey      string
+	filePath    string
+	cacheTTL    time.Duration
+
+	mu    sync.RWMutex
+	cache *cachedSecret
+}
+
+// NewMultiSourceSecret creates a secret source with precedence and caching
+func NewMultiSourceSecret(explicitKey string, cacheTTL time.Duration) *MultiSourceSecret {
+	if cacheTTL == 0 {
+		cacheTTL = 5 * time.Minute // Default 5 minute cache
+	}
+
+	home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	filePath := filepath.Join(home, ".local", "share", "amp", "secrets.json")
+
+	return &MultiSourceSecret{
+		explicitKey: strings.TrimSpace(explicitKey),
+		envKey:      "AMP_API_KEY",
+		filePath:    filePath,
+		cacheTTL:    cacheTTL,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath creates a secret source with a custom file path (for testing)
+func NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath(explicitKey string, filePath string, cacheTTL time.Duration) *MultiSourceSecret {
+	if cacheTTL == 0 {
+		cacheTTL = 5 * time.Minute
+	}
+
+	return &MultiSourceSecret{
+		explicitKey: strings.TrimSpace(explicitKey),
+		envKey:      "AMP_API_KEY",
+		filePath:    filePath,
+		cacheTTL:    cacheTTL,
+	}
+}
+
+// Get retrieves the Amp API key using precedence: config > env > file
+// Results are cached for cacheTTL duration to avoid excessive file reads
+func (s *MultiSourceSecret) Get(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	// Precedence 1: Explicit config key (highest priority, no caching needed)
+	if s.explicitKey != "" {
+		return s.explicitKey, nil
+	}
+
+	// Precedence 2: Environment variable
+	if envValue := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(s.envKey)); envValue != "" {
+		return envValue, nil
+	}
+
+	// Precedence 3: File-based secret (lowest priority, cached)
+	// Check cache first
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	if s.cache != nil && time.Now().Before(s.cache.expiresAt) {
+		value := s.cache.value
+		s.mu.RUnlock()
+		return value, nil
+	}
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// Cache miss or expired - read from file
+	key, err := s.readFromFile()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Cache empty result to avoid repeated file reads on missing files
+		s.updateCache("")
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// Cache the result
+	s.updateCache(key)
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+// readFromFile reads the Amp API key from the secrets file
+func (s *MultiSourceSecret) readFromFile() (string, error) {
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(s.filePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return "", nil // Missing file is not an error, just no key available
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read amp secrets from %s: %w", s.filePath, err)
+	}
+
+	var secrets map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(content, &secrets); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse amp secrets from %s: %w", s.filePath, err)
+	}
+
+	key := strings.TrimSpace(secrets["apiKey@https://ampcode.com/"])
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+// updateCache updates the cached secret value
+func (s *MultiSourceSecret) updateCache(value string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.cache = &cachedSecret{
+		value:     value,
+		expiresAt: time.Now().Add(s.cacheTTL),
+	}
+}
+
+// InvalidateCache clears the cached secret, forcing a fresh read on next Get
+func (s *MultiSourceSecret) InvalidateCache() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.cache = nil
+}
+
+// StaticSecretSource returns a fixed API key (for testing)
+type StaticSecretSource struct {
+	key string
+}
+
+// NewStaticSecretSource creates a secret source with a fixed key
+func NewStaticSecretSource(key string) *StaticSecretSource {
+	return &StaticSecretSource{key: strings.TrimSpace(key)}
+}
+
+// Get returns the static API key
+func (s *StaticSecretSource) Get(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	return s.key, nil
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/secret_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+package amp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestMultiSourceSecret_PrecedenceOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name      string
+		configKey string
+		envKey    string
+		fileJSON  string
+		want      string
+	}{
+		{"config_wins", "cfg", "env", `{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"file"}`, "cfg"},
+		{"env_wins_when_no_cfg", "", "env", `{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"file"}`, "env"},
+		{"file_when_no_cfg_env", "", "", `{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"file"}`, "file"},
+		{"empty_cfg_trims_then_env", "   ", "env", `{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"file"}`, "env"},
+		{"empty_env_then_file", "", "   ", `{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"file"}`, "file"},
+		{"missing_file_returns_empty", "", "", "", ""},
+		{"all_empty_returns_empty", "  ", "  ", `{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"  "}`, ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		tc := tc // capture range variable
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+			secretsPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "secrets.json")
+
+			if tc.fileJSON != "" {
+				if err := os.WriteFile(secretsPath, []byte(tc.fileJSON), 0600); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			t.Setenv("AMP_API_KEY", tc.envKey)
+
+			s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath(tc.configKey, secretsPath, 100*time.Millisecond)
+			got, err := s.Get(ctx)
+			if err != nil && tc.fileJSON != "" && json.Valid([]byte(tc.fileJSON)) {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("want %q, got %q", tc.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMultiSourceSecret_CacheBehavior(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "secrets.json")
+
+	// Initial value
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"v1"}`), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", p, 50*time.Millisecond)
+
+	// First read - should return v1
+	got1, err := s.Get(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Get failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got1 != "v1" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected v1, got %s", got1)
+	}
+
+	// Change file; within TTL we should still see v1 (cached)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"v2"}`), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got2, _ := s.Get(ctx)
+	if got2 != "v1" {
+		t.Fatalf("cache hit expected v1, got %s", got2)
+	}
+
+	// After TTL expires, should see v2
+	time.Sleep(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	got3, _ := s.Get(ctx)
+	if got3 != "v2" {
+		t.Fatalf("cache miss expected v2, got %s", got3)
+	}
+
+	// Invalidate forces re-read immediately
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"v3"}`), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s.InvalidateCache()
+	got4, _ := s.Get(ctx)
+	if got4 != "v3" {
+		t.Fatalf("invalidate expected v3, got %s", got4)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMultiSourceSecret_FileHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	t.Run("missing_file_no_error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", "/nonexistent/path/secrets.json", 100*time.Millisecond)
+		got, err := s.Get(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no error for missing file, got: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected empty string, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "secrets.json")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{invalid json`), 0600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", p, 100*time.Millisecond)
+		_, err := s.Get(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for invalid JSON")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing_key_in_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "secrets.json")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"other":"value"}`), 0600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", p, 100*time.Millisecond)
+		got, err := s.Get(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected empty string for missing key, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty_key_value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "secrets.json")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"   "}`), 0600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", p, 100*time.Millisecond)
+		got, _ := s.Get(ctx)
+		if got != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected empty after trim, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMultiSourceSecret_Concurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "secrets.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"concurrent"}`), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", p, 5*time.Second)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Spawn many goroutines calling Get concurrently
+	const goroutines = 50
+	const iterations = 100
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errors := make(chan error, goroutines)
+
+	for i := 0; i < goroutines; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < iterations; j++ {
+				val, err := s.Get(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					errors <- err
+					return
+				}
+				if val != "concurrent" {
+					errors <- err
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(errors)
+
+	for err := range errors {
+		t.Errorf("concurrency error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStaticSecretSource(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	t.Run("returns_provided_key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := NewStaticSecretSource("test-key-123")
+		got, err := s.Get(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != "test-key-123" {
+			t.Fatalf("want test-key-123, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("trims_whitespace", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := NewStaticSecretSource("  test-key  ")
+		got, err := s.Get(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != "test-key" {
+			t.Fatalf("want test-key, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty_string", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := NewStaticSecretSource("")
+		got, err := s.Get(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("want empty string, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMultiSourceSecret_CacheEmptyResult(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that missing file results are cached to avoid repeated file reads
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	p := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nonexistent.json")
+
+	s := NewMultiSourceSecretWithPath("", p, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// First call - file doesn't exist, should cache empty result
+	got1, err := s.Get(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no error for missing file, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got1 != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty string, got %q", got1)
+	}
+
+	// Create the file now
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(`{"apiKey@https://ampcode.com/":"new-value"}`), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Second call - should still return empty (cached), not read the new file
+	got2, _ := s.Get(ctx)
+	if got2 != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("cache should return empty, got %q", got2)
+	}
+
+	// After TTL expires, should see the new value
+	time.Sleep(110 * time.Millisecond)
+	got3, _ := s.Get(ctx)
+	if got3 != "new-value" {
+		t.Fatalf("after cache expiry, expected new-value, got %q", got3)
+	}
+}

internal/api/modules/modules.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Package modules provides a pluggable routing module system for extending
+// the API server with optional features without modifying core routing logic.
+package modules
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers"
+)
+
+// Context encapsulates the dependencies exposed to routing modules during
+// registration. Modules can use the Gin engine to attach routes, the shared
+// BaseAPIHandler for constructing SDK-specific handlers, and the resolved
+// authentication middleware for protecting routes that require API keys.
+type Context struct {
+	Engine         *gin.Engine
+	BaseHandler    *handlers.BaseAPIHandler
+	Config         *config.Config
+	AuthMiddleware gin.HandlerFunc
+}
+
+// RouteModule represents a pluggable routing module that can register routes
+// and handle configuration updates independently of the core server.
+//
+// DEPRECATED: Use RouteModuleV2 for new modules. This interface is kept for
+// backwards compatibility and will be removed in a future version.
+type RouteModule interface {
+	// Name returns a human-readable identifier for the module
+	Name() string
+
+	// Register sets up routes and handlers for this module.
+	// It receives the Gin engine, base handlers, and current configuration.
+	// Returns an error if registration fails (errors are logged but don't stop the server).
+	Register(engine *gin.Engine, baseHandler *handlers.BaseAPIHandler, cfg *config.Config) error
+
+	// OnConfigUpdated is called when the configuration is reloaded.
+	// Modules can respond to configuration changes here.
+	// Returns an error if the update cannot be applied.
+	OnConfigUpdated(cfg *config.Config) error
+}
+
+// RouteModuleV2 represents a pluggable bundle of routes that can integrate with
+// the API server without modifying its core routing logic. Implementations can
+// attach routes during Register and react to configuration updates via
+// OnConfigUpdated.
+//
+// This is the preferred interface for new modules. It uses Context for cleaner
+// dependency injection and supports idempotent registration.
+type RouteModuleV2 interface {
+	// Name returns a unique identifier for logging and diagnostics.
+	Name() string
+
+	// Register wires the module's routes into the provided Gin engine. Modules
+	// should treat multiple calls as idempotent and avoid duplicate route
+	// registration when invoked more than once.
+	Register(ctx Context) error
+
+	// OnConfigUpdated notifies the module when the server configuration changes
+	// via hot reload. Implementations can refresh cached state or emit warnings.
+	OnConfigUpdated(cfg *config.Config) error
+}
+
+// RegisterModule is a helper that registers a module using either the V1 or V2
+// interface. This allows gradual migration from V1 to V2 without breaking
+// existing modules.
+//
+// Example usage:
+//
+//	ctx := modules.Context{
+//	    Engine:         engine,
+//	    BaseHandler:    baseHandler,
+//	    Config:         cfg,
+//	    AuthMiddleware: authMiddleware,
+//	}
+//	if err := modules.RegisterModule(ctx, ampModule); err != nil {
+//	    log.Errorf("Failed to register module: %v", err)
+//	}
+func RegisterModule(ctx Context, mod interface{}) error {
+	// Try V2 interface first (preferred)
+	if v2, ok := mod.(RouteModuleV2); ok {
+		return v2.Register(ctx)
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to V1 interface for backwards compatibility
+	if v1, ok := mod.(RouteModule); ok {
+		return v1.Register(ctx.Engine, ctx.BaseHandler, ctx.Config)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("unsupported module type %T (must implement RouteModule or RouteModuleV2)", mod)
+}

internal/api/server.go

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/access"
 	managementHandlers "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/api/handlers/management"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/api/middleware"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/api/modules"
+	ampmodule "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/api/modules/amp"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/logging"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/managementasset"
@@ -261,6 +263,20 @@ func NewServer(cfg *config.Config, authManager *auth.Manager, accessManager *sdk
 
 	// Setup routes
 	s.setupRoutes()
+
+	// Register Amp module using V2 interface with Context
+	ampModule := ampmodule.NewLegacy(accessManager, AuthMiddleware(accessManager))
+	ctx := modules.Context{
+		Engine:         engine,
+		BaseHandler:    s.handlers,
+		Config:         cfg,
+		AuthMiddleware: AuthMiddleware(accessManager),
+	}
+	if err := modules.RegisterModule(ctx, ampModule); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to register Amp module: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Apply additional router configurators from options
 	if optionState.routerConfigurator != nil {
 		optionState.routerConfigurator(engine, s.handlers, cfg)
 	}
@@ -484,6 +500,9 @@ func (s *Server) registerManagementRoutes() {
 		mgmt.GET("/request-log", s.mgmt.GetRequestLog)
 		mgmt.PUT("/request-log", s.mgmt.PutRequestLog)
 		mgmt.PATCH("/request-log", s.mgmt.PutRequestLog)
+		mgmt.GET("/ws-auth", s.mgmt.GetWebsocketAuth)
+		mgmt.PUT("/ws-auth", s.mgmt.PutWebsocketAuth)
+		mgmt.PATCH("/ws-auth", s.mgmt.PutWebsocketAuth)
 
 		mgmt.GET("/request-retry", s.mgmt.GetRequestRetry)
 		mgmt.PUT("/request-retry", s.mgmt.PutRequestRetry)
@@ -508,12 +527,14 @@ func (s *Server) registerManagementRoutes() {
 		mgmt.GET("/auth-files/download", s.mgmt.DownloadAuthFile)
 		mgmt.POST("/auth-files", s.mgmt.UploadAuthFile)
 		mgmt.DELETE("/auth-files", s.mgmt.DeleteAuthFile)
+		mgmt.POST("/vertex/import", s.mgmt.ImportVertexCredential)
 
 		mgmt.GET("/anthropic-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestAnthropicToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/codex-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestCodexToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/gemini-cli-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestGeminiCLIToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/qwen-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestQwenToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/iflow-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestIFlowToken)
+		mgmt.POST("/iflow-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestIFlowCookieToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/get-auth-status", s.mgmt.GetAuthStatus)
 	}
 }
@@ -703,7 +724,7 @@ func (s *Server) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 func corsMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
-		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS")
 		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*")
 
 		if c.Request.Method == "OPTIONS" {

internal/api/server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	gin "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	proxyconfig "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	sdkaccess "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/access"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	sdkconfig "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/config"
+)
+
+func newTestServer(t *testing.T) *Server {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	authDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "auth")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(authDir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create auth dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &proxyconfig.Config{
+		SDKConfig: sdkconfig.SDKConfig{
+			APIKeys: []string{"test-key"},
+		},
+		Port:                   0,
+		AuthDir:                authDir,
+		Debug:                  true,
+		LoggingToFile:          false,
+		UsageStatisticsEnabled: false,
+	}
+
+	authManager := auth.NewManager(nil, nil, nil)
+	accessManager := sdkaccess.NewManager()
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
+	return NewServer(cfg, authManager, accessManager, configPath)
+}
+
+func TestAmpProviderModelRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name         string
+		path         string
+		wantStatus   int
+		wantContains string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "openai root models",
+			path:         "/api/provider/openai/models",
+			wantStatus:   http.StatusOK,
+			wantContains: `"object":"list"`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "groq root models",
+			path:         "/api/provider/groq/models",
+			wantStatus:   http.StatusOK,
+			wantContains: `"object":"list"`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "openai models",
+			path:         "/api/provider/openai/v1/models",
+			wantStatus:   http.StatusOK,
+			wantContains: `"object":"list"`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "anthropic models",
+			path:         "/api/provider/anthropic/v1/models",
+			wantStatus:   http.StatusOK,
+			wantContains: `"data"`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "google models v1",
+			path:         "/api/provider/google/v1/models",
+			wantStatus:   http.StatusOK,
+			wantContains: `"models"`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "google models v1beta",
+			path:         "/api/provider/google/v1beta/models",
+			wantStatus:   http.StatusOK,
+			wantContains: `"models"`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			server := newTestServer(t)
+
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, tc.path, nil)
+			req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer test-key")
+
+			rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			server.engine.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+			if rr.Code != tc.wantStatus {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected status code for %s: got %d want %d; body=%s", tc.path, rr.Code, tc.wantStatus, rr.Body.String())
+			}
+			if body := rr.Body.String(); !strings.Contains(body, tc.wantContains) {
+				t.Fatalf("response body for %s missing %q: %s", tc.path, tc.wantContains, body)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/auth/gemini/gemini_token.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -67,3 +68,20 @@ func (ts *GeminiTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// CredentialFileName returns the filename used to persist Gemini CLI credentials.
+// When projectID represents multiple projects (comma-separated or literal ALL),
+// the suffix is normalized to "all" and a "gemini-" prefix is enforced to keep
+// web and CLI generated files consistent.
+func CredentialFileName(email, projectID string, includeProviderPrefix bool) string {
+	email = strings.TrimSpace(email)
+	project := strings.TrimSpace(projectID)
+	if strings.EqualFold(project, "all") || strings.Contains(project, ",") {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("gemini-%s-all.json", email)
+	}
+	prefix := ""
+	if includeProviderPrefix {
+		prefix = "gemini-"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s-%s.json", prefix, email, project)
+}

internal/auth/iflow/cookie_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package iflow
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// NormalizeCookie normalizes raw cookie strings for iFlow authentication flows.
+func NormalizeCookie(raw string) (string, error) {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cookie cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	combined := strings.Join(strings.Fields(trimmed), " ")
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(combined, ";") {
+		combined += ";"
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(combined, "BXAuth=") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cookie missing BXAuth field")
+	}
+	return combined, nil
+}
+
+// SanitizeIFlowFileName normalizes user identifiers for safe filename usage.
+func SanitizeIFlowFileName(raw string) string {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	cleanEmail := strings.ReplaceAll(raw, "*", "x")
+	var result strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range cleanEmail {
+		if (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') || (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') || (r >= '0' && r <= '9') || r == '_' || r == '@' || r == '.' || r == '-' {
+			result.WriteRune(r)
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(result.String())
+}

internal/auth/iflow/iflow_auth.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package iflow
 
 import (
+	"compress/gzip"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -23,6 +24,9 @@ const (
 	iFlowUserInfoEndpoint       = "https://iflow.cn/api/oauth/getUserInfo"
 	iFlowSuccessRedirectURL     = "https://iflow.cn/oauth/success"
 
+	// Cookie authentication endpoints
+	iFlowAPIKeyEndpoint = "https://platform.iflow.cn/api/openapi/apikey"
+
 	// Client credentials provided by iFlow for the Code Assist integration.
 	iFlowOAuthClientID     = "10009311001"
 	iFlowOAuthClientSecret = "4Z3YjXycVsQvyGF1etiNlIBB4RsqSDtW"
@@ -261,6 +265,7 @@ type IFlowTokenData struct {
 	Expire       string
 	APIKey       string
 	Email        string
+	Cookie       string
 }
 
 // userInfoResponse represents the structure returned by the user info endpoint.
@@ -274,3 +279,232 @@ type userInfoData struct {
 	Email  string `json:"email"`
 	Phone  string `json:"phone"`
 }
+
+// iFlowAPIKeyResponse represents the response from the API key endpoint
+type iFlowAPIKeyResponse struct {
+	Success bool         `json:"success"`
+	Code    string       `json:"code"`
+	Message string       `json:"message"`
+	Data    iFlowKeyData `json:"data"`
+	Extra   interface{}  `json:"extra"`
+}
+
+// iFlowKeyData contains the API key information
+type iFlowKeyData struct {
+	HasExpired bool   `json:"hasExpired"`
+	ExpireTime string `json:"expireTime"`
+	Name       string `json:"name"`
+	APIKey     string `json:"apiKey"`
+	APIKeyMask string `json:"apiKeyMask"`
+}
+
+// iFlowRefreshRequest represents the request body for refreshing API key
+type iFlowRefreshRequest struct {
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// AuthenticateWithCookie performs authentication using browser cookies
+func (ia *IFlowAuth) AuthenticateWithCookie(ctx context.Context, cookie string) (*IFlowTokenData, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cookie) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie authentication: cookie is empty")
+	}
+
+	// First, get initial API key information using GET request
+	keyInfo, err := ia.fetchAPIKeyInfo(ctx, cookie)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie authentication: fetch initial API key info failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Convert to token data format
+	data := &IFlowTokenData{
+		APIKey: keyInfo.APIKey,
+		Expire: keyInfo.ExpireTime,
+		Email:  keyInfo.Name,
+		Cookie: cookie,
+	}
+
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+// fetchAPIKeyInfo retrieves API key information using GET request with cookie
+func (ia *IFlowAuth) fetchAPIKeyInfo(ctx context.Context, cookie string) (*iFlowKeyData, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, iFlowAPIKeyEndpoint, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: create GET request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Set cookie and other headers to mimic browser
+	req.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie)
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br")
+	req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
+	req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
+	req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
+	req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "same-origin")
+
+	resp, err := ia.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: GET request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	// Handle gzip compression
+	var reader io.Reader = resp.Body
+	if resp.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
+		gzipReader, err := gzip.NewReader(resp.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: create gzip reader failed: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = gzipReader.Close() }()
+		reader = gzipReader
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: read GET response failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		log.Debugf("iflow cookie GET request failed: status=%d body=%s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: GET request failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	var keyResp iFlowAPIKeyResponse
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &keyResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: decode GET response failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !keyResp.Success {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: GET request not successful: %s", keyResp.Message)
+	}
+
+	// Handle initial response where apiKey field might be apiKeyMask
+	if keyResp.Data.APIKey == "" && keyResp.Data.APIKeyMask != "" {
+		keyResp.Data.APIKey = keyResp.Data.APIKeyMask
+	}
+
+	return &keyResp.Data, nil
+}
+
+// RefreshAPIKey refreshes the API key using POST request
+func (ia *IFlowAuth) RefreshAPIKey(ctx context.Context, cookie, name string) (*iFlowKeyData, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cookie) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: cookie is empty")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(name) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: name is empty")
+	}
+
+	// Prepare request body
+	refreshReq := iFlowRefreshRequest{
+		Name: name,
+	}
+
+	bodyBytes, err := json.Marshal(refreshReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: marshal request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, iFlowAPIKeyEndpoint, strings.NewReader(string(bodyBytes)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: create POST request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Set cookie and other headers to mimic browser
+	req.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br")
+	req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
+	req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://platform.iflow.cn")
+	req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://platform.iflow.cn/")
+
+	resp, err := ia.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: POST request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	// Handle gzip compression
+	var reader io.Reader = resp.Body
+	if resp.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
+		gzipReader, err := gzip.NewReader(resp.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: create gzip reader failed: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = gzipReader.Close() }()
+		reader = gzipReader
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: read POST response failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		log.Debugf("iflow cookie POST request failed: status=%d body=%s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: POST request failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	var keyResp iFlowAPIKeyResponse
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &keyResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: decode POST response failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !keyResp.Success {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie refresh: POST request not successful: %s", keyResp.Message)
+	}
+
+	return &keyResp.Data, nil
+}
+
+// ShouldRefreshAPIKey checks if the API key needs to be refreshed (within 2 days of expiry)
+func ShouldRefreshAPIKey(expireTime string) (bool, time.Duration, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(expireTime) == "" {
+		return false, 0, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: expire time is empty")
+	}
+
+	expire, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04", expireTime)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, 0, fmt.Errorf("iflow cookie: parse expire time failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	twoDaysFromNow := now.Add(48 * time.Hour)
+
+	needsRefresh := expire.Before(twoDaysFromNow)
+	timeUntilExpiry := expire.Sub(now)
+
+	return needsRefresh, timeUntilExpiry, nil
+}
+
+// CreateCookieTokenStorage converts cookie-based token data into persistence storage
+func (ia *IFlowAuth) CreateCookieTokenStorage(data *IFlowTokenData) *IFlowTokenStorage {
+	if data == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return &IFlowTokenStorage{
+		APIKey:      data.APIKey,
+		Email:       data.Email,
+		Expire:      data.Expire,
+		Cookie:      data.Cookie,
+		LastRefresh: time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Type:        "iflow",
+	}
+}
+
+// UpdateCookieTokenStorage updates the persisted token storage with refreshed API key data
+func (ia *IFlowAuth) UpdateCookieTokenStorage(storage *IFlowTokenStorage, keyData *iFlowKeyData) {
+	if storage == nil || keyData == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	storage.APIKey = keyData.APIKey
+	storage.Expire = keyData.ExpireTime
+	storage.LastRefresh = time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+}

internal/auth/iflow/iflow_token.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type IFlowTokenStorage struct {
 	Email        string `json:"email"`
 	TokenType    string `json:"token_type"`
 	Scope        string `json:"scope"`
+	Cookie       string `json:"cookie"`
 	Type         string `json:"type"`
 }
 

internal/auth/vertex/keyutil.go

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+package vertex
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// NormalizeServiceAccountJSON normalizes the given JSON-encoded service account payload.
+// It returns the normalized JSON (with sanitized private_key) or, if normalization fails,
+// the original bytes and the encountered error.
+func NormalizeServiceAccountJSON(raw []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return raw, nil
+	}
+	var payload map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &payload); err != nil {
+		return raw, err
+	}
+	normalized, err := NormalizeServiceAccountMap(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return raw, err
+	}
+	out, err := json.Marshal(normalized)
+	if err != nil {
+		return raw, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// NormalizeServiceAccountMap returns a copy of the given service account map with
+// a sanitized private_key field that is guaranteed to contain a valid RSA PRIVATE KEY PEM block.
+func NormalizeServiceAccountMap(sa map[string]any) (map[string]any, error) {
+	if sa == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("service account payload is empty")
+	}
+	pk, _ := sa["private_key"].(string)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(pk) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("service account missing private_key")
+	}
+	normalized, err := sanitizePrivateKey(pk)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	clone := make(map[string]any, len(sa))
+	for k, v := range sa {
+		clone[k] = v
+	}
+	clone["private_key"] = normalized
+	return clone, nil
+}
+
+func sanitizePrivateKey(raw string) (string, error) {
+	pk := strings.ReplaceAll(raw, "\r\n", "\n")
+	pk = strings.ReplaceAll(pk, "\r", "\n")
+	pk = stripANSIEscape(pk)
+	pk = strings.ToValidUTF8(pk, "")
+	pk = strings.TrimSpace(pk)
+
+	normalized := pk
+	if block, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(pk)); block == nil {
+		// Attempt to reconstruct from the textual payload.
+		if reconstructed, err := rebuildPEM(pk); err == nil {
+			normalized = reconstructed
+		} else {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("private_key is not valid pem: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	block, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(normalized))
+	if block == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("private_key pem decode failed")
+	}
+
+	rsaBlock, err := ensureRSAPrivateKey(block)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(pem.EncodeToMemory(rsaBlock)), nil
+}
+
+func ensureRSAPrivateKey(block *pem.Block) (*pem.Block, error) {
+	if block == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pem block is nil")
+	}
+
+	if block.Type == "RSA PRIVATE KEY" {
+		if _, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("private_key invalid rsa: %w", err)
+		}
+		return block, nil
+	}
+
+	if block.Type == "PRIVATE KEY" {
+		key, err := x509.ParsePKCS8PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("private_key invalid pkcs8: %w", err)
+		}
+		rsaKey, ok := key.(*rsa.PrivateKey)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("private_key is not an RSA key")
+		}
+		der := x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(rsaKey)
+		return &pem.Block{Type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: der}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Attempt auto-detection: try PKCS#1 first, then PKCS#8.
+	if rsaKey, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes); err == nil {
+		der := x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(rsaKey)
+		return &pem.Block{Type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: der}, nil
+	}
+	if key, err := x509.ParsePKCS8PrivateKey(block.Bytes); err == nil {
+		if rsaKey, ok := key.(*rsa.PrivateKey); ok {
+			der := x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(rsaKey)
+			return &pem.Block{Type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: der}, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("private_key uses unsupported format")
+}
+
+func rebuildPEM(raw string) (string, error) {
+	kind := "PRIVATE KEY"
+	if strings.Contains(raw, "RSA PRIVATE KEY") {
+		kind = "RSA PRIVATE KEY"
+	}
+	header := "-----BEGIN " + kind + "-----"
+	footer := "-----END " + kind + "-----"
+	start := strings.Index(raw, header)
+	end := strings.Index(raw, footer)
+	if start < 0 || end <= start {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("missing pem markers")
+	}
+	body := raw[start+len(header) : end]
+	payload := filterBase64(body)
+	if payload == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("private_key base64 payload empty")
+	}
+	der, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("private_key base64 decode failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	block := &pem.Block{Type: kind, Bytes: der}
+	return string(pem.EncodeToMemory(block)), nil
+}
+
+func filterBase64(s string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range s {
+		switch {
+		case r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z':
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		case r >= 'a' && r <= 'z':
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		case r >= '0' && r <= '9':
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		case r == '+' || r == '/' || r == '=':
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		default:
+			// skip
+		}
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func stripANSIEscape(s string) string {
+	in := []rune(s)
+	var out []rune
+	for i := 0; i < len(in); i++ {
+		r := in[i]
+		if r != 0x1b {
+			out = append(out, r)
+			continue
+		}
+		if i+1 >= len(in) {
+			continue
+		}
+		next := in[i+1]
+		switch next {
+		case ']':
+			i += 2
+			for i < len(in) {
+				if in[i] == 0x07 {
+					break
+				}
+				if in[i] == 0x1b && i+1 < len(in) && in[i+1] == '\\' {
+					i++
+					break
+				}
+				i++
+			}
+		case '[':
+			i += 2
+			for i < len(in) {
+				if (in[i] >= 'A' && in[i] <= 'Z') || (in[i] >= 'a' && in[i] <= 'z') {
+					break
+				}
+				i++
+			}
+		default:
+			// skip single ESC
+		}
+	}
+	return string(out)
+}

internal/auth/vertex/vertex_credentials.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Package vertex provides token storage for Google Vertex AI Gemini via service account credentials.
+// It serialises service account JSON into an auth file that is consumed by the runtime executor.
+package vertex
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// VertexCredentialStorage stores the service account JSON for Vertex AI access.
+// The content is persisted verbatim under the "service_account" key, together with
+// helper fields for project, location and email to improve logging and discovery.
+type VertexCredentialStorage struct {
+	// ServiceAccount holds the parsed service account JSON content.
+	ServiceAccount map[string]any `json:"service_account"`
+
+	// ProjectID is derived from the service account JSON (project_id).
+	ProjectID string `json:"project_id"`
+
+	// Email is the client_email from the service account JSON.
+	Email string `json:"email"`
+
+	// Location optionally sets a default region (e.g., us-central1) for Vertex endpoints.
+	Location string `json:"location,omitempty"`
+
+	// Type is the provider identifier stored alongside credentials. Always "vertex".
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// SaveTokenToFile writes the credential payload to the given file path in JSON format.
+// It ensures the parent directory exists and logs the operation for transparency.
+func (s *VertexCredentialStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
+	misc.LogSavingCredentials(authFilePath)
+	if s == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("vertex credential: storage is nil")
+	}
+	if s.ServiceAccount == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("vertex credential: service account content is empty")
+	}
+	// Ensure we tag the file with the provider type.
+	s.Type = "vertex"
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(authFilePath), 0o700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("vertex credential: create directory failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	f, err := os.Create(authFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("vertex credential: create file failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := f.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("vertex credential: failed to close file: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(f)
+	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+	if err = enc.Encode(s); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("vertex credential: encode failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/buildinfo/buildinfo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Package buildinfo exposes compile-time metadata shared across the server.
+package buildinfo
+
+// The following variables are overridden via ldflags during release builds.
+// Defaults cover local development builds.
+var (
+	// Version is the semantic version or git describe output of the binary.
+	Version = "dev"
+
+	// Commit is the git commit SHA baked into the binary.
+	Commit = "none"
+
+	// BuildDate records when the binary was built in UTC.
+	BuildDate = "unknown"
+)

internal/cmd/antigravity_login.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	sdkAuth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/auth"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// DoAntigravityLogin triggers the OAuth flow for the antigravity provider and saves tokens.
+func DoAntigravityLogin(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
+	if options == nil {
+		options = &LoginOptions{}
+	}
+
+	manager := newAuthManager()
+	authOpts := &sdkAuth.LoginOptions{
+		NoBrowser: options.NoBrowser,
+		Metadata:  map[string]string{},
+		Prompt:    options.Prompt,
+	}
+
+	record, savedPath, err := manager.Login(context.Background(), "antigravity", cfg, authOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Antigravity authentication failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if savedPath != "" {
+		fmt.Printf("Authentication saved to %s\n", savedPath)
+	}
+	if record != nil && record.Label != "" {
+		fmt.Printf("Authenticated as %s\n", record.Label)
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Antigravity authentication successful!")
+}

internal/cmd/auth_manager.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ func newAuthManager() *sdkAuth.Manager {
 		sdkAuth.NewClaudeAuthenticator(),
 		sdkAuth.NewQwenAuthenticator(),
 		sdkAuth.NewIFlowAuthenticator(),
+		sdkAuth.NewAntigravityAuthenticator(),
 	)
 	return manager
 }

internal/cmd/iflow_cookie.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/iflow"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+)
+
+// DoIFlowCookieAuth performs the iFlow cookie-based authentication.
+func DoIFlowCookieAuth(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
+	if options == nil {
+		options = &LoginOptions{}
+	}
+
+	promptFn := options.Prompt
+	if promptFn == nil {
+		reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
+		promptFn = func(prompt string) (string, error) {
+			fmt.Print(prompt)
+			value, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			return strings.TrimSpace(value), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Prompt user for cookie
+	cookie, err := promptForCookie(promptFn)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Failed to get cookie: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Authenticate with cookie
+	auth := iflow.NewIFlowAuth(cfg)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	tokenData, err := auth.AuthenticateWithCookie(ctx, cookie)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("iFlow cookie authentication failed: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Create token storage
+	tokenStorage := auth.CreateCookieTokenStorage(tokenData)
+
+	// Get auth file path using email in filename
+	authFilePath := getAuthFilePath(cfg, "iflow", tokenData.Email)
+
+	// Save token to file
+	if err := tokenStorage.SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Failed to save authentication: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Authentication successful! API key: %s\n", tokenData.APIKey)
+	fmt.Printf("Expires at: %s\n", tokenData.Expire)
+	fmt.Printf("Authentication saved to: %s\n", authFilePath)
+}
+
+// promptForCookie prompts the user to enter their iFlow cookie
+func promptForCookie(promptFn func(string) (string, error)) (string, error) {
+	line, err := promptFn("Enter iFlow Cookie (from browser cookies): ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read cookie: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cookie, err := iflow.NormalizeCookie(line)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return cookie, nil
+}
+
+// getAuthFilePath returns the auth file path for the given provider and email
+func getAuthFilePath(cfg *config.Config, provider, email string) string {
+	fileName := iflow.SanitizeIFlowFileName(email)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s-%s.json", cfg.AuthDir, provider, fileName)
+}

internal/cmd/login.go

@@ -96,35 +96,52 @@ func DoLogin(cfg *config.Config, projectID string, options *LoginOptions) {
 	}
 
 	selectedProjectID := promptForProjectSelection(projects, strings.TrimSpace(projectID), promptFn)
-	if strings.TrimSpace(selectedProjectID) == "" {
+	projectSelections, errSelection := resolveProjectSelections(selectedProjectID, projects)
+	if errSelection != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Invalid project selection: %v", errSelection)
+		return
+	}
+	if len(projectSelections) == 0 {
 		log.Fatal("No project selected; aborting login.")
 		return
 	}
 
-	if errSetup := performGeminiCLISetup(ctx, httpClient, storage, selectedProjectID); errSetup != nil {
-		var projectErr *projectSelectionRequiredError
-		if errors.As(errSetup, &projectErr) {
-			log.Error("Failed to start user onboarding: A project ID is required.")
-			showProjectSelectionHelp(storage.Email, projects)
+	activatedProjects := make([]string, 0, len(projectSelections))
+	for _, candidateID := range projectSelections {
+		log.Infof("Activating project %s", candidateID)
+		if errSetup := performGeminiCLISetup(ctx, httpClient, storage, candidateID); errSetup != nil {
+			var projectErr *projectSelectionRequiredError
+			if errors.As(errSetup, &projectErr) {
+				log.Error("Failed to start user onboarding: A project ID is required.")
+				showProjectSelectionHelp(storage.Email, projects)
+				return
+			}
+			log.Fatalf("Failed to complete user setup: %v", errSetup)
 			return
 		}
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to complete user setup: %v", errSetup)
-		return
+		finalID := strings.TrimSpace(storage.ProjectID)
+		if finalID == "" {
+			finalID = candidateID
+		}
+		activatedProjects = append(activatedProjects, finalID)
 	}
 
 	storage.Auto = false
+	storage.ProjectID = strings.Join(activatedProjects, ",")
 
 	if !storage.Auto && !storage.Checked {
-		isChecked, errCheck := checkCloudAPIIsEnabled(ctx, httpClient, storage.ProjectID)
-		if errCheck != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("Failed to check if Cloud AI API is enabled: %v", errCheck)
-			return
-		}
-		storage.Checked = isChecked
-		if !isChecked {
-			log.Fatal("Failed to check if Cloud AI API is enabled. If you encounter an error message, please create an issue.")
-			return
+		for _, pid := range activatedProjects {
+			isChecked, errCheck := checkCloudAPIIsEnabled(ctx, httpClient, pid)
+			if errCheck != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("Failed to check if Cloud AI API is enabled for %s: %v", pid, errCheck)
+				return
+			}
+			if !isChecked {
+				log.Fatalf("Failed to check if Cloud AI API is enabled for project %s. If you encounter an error message, please create an issue.", pid)
+				return
+			}
 		}
+		storage.Checked = true
 	}
 
 	updateAuthRecord(record, storage)
@@ -354,10 +371,14 @@ func promptForProjectSelection(projects []interfaces.GCPProjectProjects, presetI
 			defaultIndex = idx
 		}
 	}
+	fmt.Println("Type 'ALL' to onboard every listed project.")
 
 	defaultID := projects[defaultIndex].ProjectID
 
 	if trimmedPreset != "" {
+		if strings.EqualFold(trimmedPreset, "ALL") {
+			return "ALL"
+		}
 		for _, project := range projects {
 			if project.ProjectID == trimmedPreset {
 				return trimmedPreset
@@ -367,13 +388,16 @@ func promptForProjectSelection(projects []interfaces.GCPProjectProjects, presetI
 	}
 
 	for {
-		promptMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Enter project ID [%s]: ", defaultID)
+		promptMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Enter project ID [%s] or ALL: ", defaultID)
 		answer, errPrompt := promptFn(promptMsg)
 		if errPrompt != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Project selection prompt failed: %v", errPrompt)
 			return defaultID
 		}
 		answer = strings.TrimSpace(answer)
+		if strings.EqualFold(answer, "ALL") {
+			return "ALL"
+		}
 		if answer == "" {
 			return defaultID
 		}
@@ -394,6 +418,52 @@ func promptForProjectSelection(projects []interfaces.GCPProjectProjects, presetI
 	}
 }
 
+func resolveProjectSelections(selection string, projects []interfaces.GCPProjectProjects) ([]string, error) {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(selection)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	available := make(map[string]struct{}, len(projects))
+	ordered := make([]string, 0, len(projects))
+	for _, project := range projects {
+		id := strings.TrimSpace(project.ProjectID)
+		if id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, exists := available[id]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		available[id] = struct{}{}
+		ordered = append(ordered, id)
+	}
+	if strings.EqualFold(trimmed, "ALL") {
+		if len(ordered) == 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no projects available for ALL selection")
+		}
+		return append([]string(nil), ordered...), nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(trimmed, ",")
+	selections := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(parts))
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		id := strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, dup := seen[id]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(available) > 0 {
+			if _, ok := available[id]; !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("project %s not found in available projects", id)
+			}
+		}
+		seen[id] = struct{}{}
+		selections = append(selections, id)
+	}
+	return selections, nil
+}
+
 func defaultProjectPrompt() func(string) (string, error) {
 	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
 	return func(prompt string) (string, error) {
@@ -495,7 +565,7 @@ func updateAuthRecord(record *cliproxyauth.Auth, storage *gemini.GeminiTokenStor
 		return
 	}
 
-	finalName := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s.json", storage.Email, storage.ProjectID)
+	finalName := gemini.CredentialFileName(storage.Email, storage.ProjectID, false)
 
 	if record.Metadata == nil {
 		record.Metadata = make(map[string]any)

internal/cmd/vertex_import.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Package cmd contains CLI helpers. This file implements importing a Vertex AI
+// service account JSON into the auth store as a dedicated "vertex" credential.
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/vertex"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	sdkAuth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/auth"
+	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// DoVertexImport imports a Google Cloud service account key JSON and persists
+// it as a "vertex" provider credential. The file content is embedded in the auth
+// file to allow portable deployment across stores.
+func DoVertexImport(cfg *config.Config, keyPath string) {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = &config.Config{}
+	}
+	if resolved, errResolve := util.ResolveAuthDir(cfg.AuthDir); errResolve == nil {
+		cfg.AuthDir = resolved
+	}
+	rawPath := strings.TrimSpace(keyPath)
+	if rawPath == "" {
+		log.Fatalf("vertex-import: missing service account key path")
+		return
+	}
+	data, errRead := os.ReadFile(rawPath)
+	if errRead != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("vertex-import: read file failed: %v", errRead)
+		return
+	}
+	var sa map[string]any
+	if errUnmarshal := json.Unmarshal(data, &sa); errUnmarshal != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("vertex-import: invalid service account json: %v", errUnmarshal)
+		return
+	}
+	// Validate and normalize private_key before saving
+	normalizedSA, errFix := vertex.NormalizeServiceAccountMap(sa)
+	if errFix != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("vertex-import: %v", errFix)
+		return
+	}
+	sa = normalizedSA
+	email, _ := sa["client_email"].(string)
+	projectID, _ := sa["project_id"].(string)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(projectID) == "" {
+		log.Fatalf("vertex-import: project_id missing in service account json")
+		return
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(email) == "" {
+		// Keep empty email but warn
+		log.Warn("vertex-import: client_email missing in service account json")
+	}
+	// Default location if not provided by user. Can be edited in the saved file later.
+	location := "us-central1"
+
+	fileName := fmt.Sprintf("vertex-%s.json", sanitizeFilePart(projectID))
+	// Build auth record
+	storage := &vertex.VertexCredentialStorage{
+		ServiceAccount: sa,
+		ProjectID:      projectID,
+		Email:          email,
+		Location:       location,
+	}
+	metadata := map[string]any{
+		"service_account": sa,
+		"project_id":      projectID,
+		"email":           email,
+		"location":        location,
+		"type":            "vertex",
+		"label":           labelForVertex(projectID, email),
+	}
+	record := &coreauth.Auth{
+		ID:       fileName,
+		Provider: "vertex",
+		FileName: fileName,
+		Storage:  storage,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+	}
+
+	store := sdkAuth.GetTokenStore()
+	if setter, ok := store.(interface{ SetBaseDir(string) }); ok {
+		setter.SetBaseDir(cfg.AuthDir)
+	}
+	path, errSave := store.Save(context.Background(), record)
+	if errSave != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("vertex-import: save credential failed: %v", errSave)
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Vertex credentials imported: %s\n", path)
+}
+
+func sanitizeFilePart(s string) string {
+	out := strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	replacers := []string{"/", "_", "\\", "_", ":", "_", " ", "-"}
+	for i := 0; i < len(replacers); i += 2 {
+		out = strings.ReplaceAll(out, replacers[i], replacers[i+1])
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func labelForVertex(projectID, email string) string {
+	p := strings.TrimSpace(projectID)
+	e := strings.TrimSpace(email)
+	if p != "" && e != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", p, e)
+	}
+	if p != "" {
+		return p
+	}
+	if e != "" {
+		return e
+	}
+	return "vertex"
+}

internal/config/config.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
@@ -22,6 +23,17 @@ type Config struct {
 	// Port is the network port on which the API server will listen.
 	Port int `yaml:"port" json:"-"`
 
+	// AmpUpstreamURL defines the upstream Amp control plane used for non-provider calls.
+	AmpUpstreamURL string `yaml:"amp-upstream-url" json:"amp-upstream-url"`
+
+	// AmpUpstreamAPIKey optionally overrides the Authorization header when proxying Amp upstream calls.
+	AmpUpstreamAPIKey string `yaml:"amp-upstream-api-key" json:"amp-upstream-api-key"`
+
+	// AmpRestrictManagementToLocalhost restricts Amp management routes (/api/user, /api/threads, etc.)
+	// to only accept connections from localhost (127.0.0.1, ::1). When true, prevents drive-by
+	// browser attacks and remote access to management endpoints. Default: true (recommended).
+	AmpRestrictManagementToLocalhost bool `yaml:"amp-restrict-management-to-localhost" json:"amp-restrict-management-to-localhost"`
+
 	// AuthDir is the directory where authentication token files are stored.
 	AuthDir string `yaml:"auth-dir" json:"-"`
 
@@ -63,6 +75,9 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	// RemoteManagement nests management-related options under 'remote-management'.
 	RemoteManagement RemoteManagement `yaml:"remote-management" json:"-"`
+
+	// Payload defines default and override rules for provider payload parameters.
+	Payload PayloadConfig `yaml:"payload" json:"payload"`
 }
 
 // RemoteManagement holds management API configuration under 'remote-management'.
@@ -85,6 +100,30 @@ type QuotaExceeded struct {
 	SwitchPreviewModel bool `yaml:"switch-preview-model" json:"switch-preview-model"`
 }
 
+// PayloadConfig defines default and override parameter rules applied to provider payloads.
+type PayloadConfig struct {
+	// Default defines rules that only set parameters when they are missing in the payload.
+	Default []PayloadRule `yaml:"default" json:"default"`
+	// Override defines rules that always set parameters, overwriting any existing values.
+	Override []PayloadRule `yaml:"override" json:"override"`
+}
+
+// PayloadRule describes a single rule targeting a list of models with parameter updates.
+type PayloadRule struct {
+	// Models lists model entries with name pattern and protocol constraint.
+	Models []PayloadModelRule `yaml:"models" json:"models"`
+	// Params maps JSON paths (gjson/sjson syntax) to values written into the payload.
+	Params map[string]any `yaml:"params" json:"params"`
+}
+
+// PayloadModelRule ties a model name pattern to a specific translator protocol.
+type PayloadModelRule struct {
+	// Name is the model name or wildcard pattern (e.g., "gpt-*", "*-5", "gemini-*-pro").
+	Name string `yaml:"name" json:"name"`
+	// Protocol restricts the rule to a specific translator format (e.g., "gemini", "responses").
+	Protocol string `yaml:"protocol" json:"protocol"`
+}
+
 // ClaudeKey represents the configuration for a Claude API key,
 // including the API key itself and an optional base URL for the API endpoint.
 type ClaudeKey struct {
@@ -100,6 +139,9 @@ type ClaudeKey struct {
 
 	// Models defines upstream model names and aliases for request routing.
 	Models []ClaudeModel `yaml:"models" json:"models"`
+
+	// Headers optionally adds extra HTTP headers for requests sent with this key.
+	Headers map[string]string `yaml:"headers,omitempty" json:"headers,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ClaudeModel describes a mapping between an alias and the actual upstream model name.
@@ -123,6 +165,9 @@ type CodexKey struct {
 
 	// ProxyURL overrides the global proxy setting for this API key if provided.
 	ProxyURL string `yaml:"proxy-url" json:"proxy-url"`
+
+	// Headers optionally adds extra HTTP headers for requests sent with this key.
+	Headers map[string]string `yaml:"headers,omitempty" json:"headers,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // GeminiKey represents the configuration for a Gemini API key,
@@ -159,6 +204,9 @@ type OpenAICompatibility struct {
 
 	// Models defines the model configurations including aliases for routing.
 	Models []OpenAICompatibilityModel `yaml:"models" json:"models"`
+
+	// Headers optionally adds extra HTTP headers for requests sent to this provider.
+	Headers map[string]string `yaml:"headers,omitempty" json:"headers,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // OpenAICompatibilityAPIKey represents an API key configuration with optional proxy setting.
@@ -221,6 +269,7 @@ func LoadConfigOptional(configFile string, optional bool) (*Config, error) {
 	cfg.LoggingToFile = false
 	cfg.UsageStatisticsEnabled = false
 	cfg.DisableCooling = false
+	cfg.AmpRestrictManagementToLocalhost = true // Default to secure: only localhost access
 	if err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
 		if optional {
 			// In cloud deploy mode, if YAML parsing fails, return empty config instead of error.
@@ -246,23 +295,26 @@ func LoadConfigOptional(configFile string, optional bool) (*Config, error) {
 	// Sync request authentication providers with inline API keys for backwards compatibility.
 	syncInlineAccessProvider(&cfg)
 
-	// Normalize Gemini API key configuration and migrate legacy entries.
-	cfg.SyncGeminiKeys()
-
-	// Sanitize OpenAI compatibility providers: drop entries without base-url
-	sanitizeOpenAICompatibility(&cfg)
+	// Sanitize Gemini API key configuration and migrate legacy entries.
+	cfg.SanitizeGeminiKeys()
 
 	// Sanitize Codex keys: drop entries without base-url
-	sanitizeCodexKeys(&cfg)
+	cfg.SanitizeCodexKeys()
+
+	// Sanitize Claude key headers
+	cfg.SanitizeClaudeKeys()
+
+	// Sanitize OpenAI compatibility providers: drop entries without base-url
+	cfg.SanitizeOpenAICompatibility()
 
 	// Return the populated configuration struct.
 	return &cfg, nil
 }
 
-// sanitizeOpenAICompatibility removes OpenAI-compatibility provider entries that are
+// SanitizeOpenAICompatibility removes OpenAI-compatibility provider entries that are
 // not actionable, specifically those missing a BaseURL. It trims whitespace before
 // evaluation and preserves the relative order of remaining entries.
-func sanitizeOpenAICompatibility(cfg *Config) {
+func (cfg *Config) SanitizeOpenAICompatibility() {
 	if cfg == nil || len(cfg.OpenAICompatibility) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -271,6 +323,7 @@ func sanitizeOpenAICompatibility(cfg *Config) {
 		e := cfg.OpenAICompatibility[i]
 		e.Name = strings.TrimSpace(e.Name)
 		e.BaseURL = strings.TrimSpace(e.BaseURL)
+		e.Headers = NormalizeHeaders(e.Headers)
 		if e.BaseURL == "" {
 			// Skip providers with no base-url; treated as removed
 			continue
@@ -280,9 +333,9 @@ func sanitizeOpenAICompatibility(cfg *Config) {
 	cfg.OpenAICompatibility = out
 }
 
-// sanitizeCodexKeys removes Codex API key entries missing a BaseURL.
+// SanitizeCodexKeys removes Codex API key entries missing a BaseURL.
 // It trims whitespace and preserves order for remaining entries.
-func sanitizeCodexKeys(cfg *Config) {
+func (cfg *Config) SanitizeCodexKeys() {
 	if cfg == nil || len(cfg.CodexKey) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -290,6 +343,7 @@ func sanitizeCodexKeys(cfg *Config) {
 	for i := range cfg.CodexKey {
 		e := cfg.CodexKey[i]
 		e.BaseURL = strings.TrimSpace(e.BaseURL)
+		e.Headers = NormalizeHeaders(e.Headers)
 		if e.BaseURL == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -298,7 +352,19 @@ func sanitizeCodexKeys(cfg *Config) {
 	cfg.CodexKey = out
 }
 
-func (cfg *Config) SyncGeminiKeys() {
+// SanitizeClaudeKeys normalizes headers for Claude credentials.
+func (cfg *Config) SanitizeClaudeKeys() {
+	if cfg == nil || len(cfg.ClaudeKey) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for i := range cfg.ClaudeKey {
+		entry := &cfg.ClaudeKey[i]
+		entry.Headers = NormalizeHeaders(entry.Headers)
+	}
+}
+
+// SanitizeGeminiKeys deduplicates and normalizes Gemini credentials.
+func (cfg *Config) SanitizeGeminiKeys() {
 	if cfg == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -313,7 +379,7 @@ func (cfg *Config) SyncGeminiKeys() {
 		}
 		entry.BaseURL = strings.TrimSpace(entry.BaseURL)
 		entry.ProxyURL = strings.TrimSpace(entry.ProxyURL)
-		entry.Headers = normalizeGeminiHeaders(entry.Headers)
+		entry.Headers = NormalizeHeaders(entry.Headers)
 		if _, exists := seen[entry.APIKey]; exists {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -356,7 +422,8 @@ func looksLikeBcrypt(s string) bool {
 	return len(s) > 4 && (s[:4] == "$2a$" || s[:4] == "$2b$" || s[:4] == "$2y$")
 }
 
-func normalizeGeminiHeaders(headers map[string]string) map[string]string {
+// NormalizeHeaders trims header keys and values and removes empty pairs.
+func NormalizeHeaders(headers map[string]string) map[string]string {
 	if len(headers) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -424,6 +491,7 @@ func SaveConfigPreserveComments(configFile string, cfg *Config) error {
 
 	// Remove deprecated auth block before merging to avoid persisting it again.
 	removeMapKey(original.Content[0], "auth")
+	removeLegacyOpenAICompatAPIKeys(original.Content[0])
 
 	// Merge generated into original in-place, preserving comments/order of existing nodes.
 	mergeMappingPreserve(original.Content[0], generated.Content[0])
@@ -435,13 +503,19 @@ func SaveConfigPreserveComments(configFile string, cfg *Config) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
-	enc := yaml.NewEncoder(f)
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := yaml.NewEncoder(&buf)
 	enc.SetIndent(2)
 	if err = enc.Encode(&original); err != nil {
 		_ = enc.Close()
 		return err
 	}
-	return enc.Close()
+	if err = enc.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	data = NormalizeCommentIndentation(buf.Bytes())
+	_, err = f.Write(data)
+	return err
 }
 
 func sanitizeConfigForPersist(cfg *Config) *Config {
@@ -491,13 +565,40 @@ func SaveConfigPreserveCommentsUpdateNestedScalar(configFile string, path []stri
 		return err
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
-	enc := yaml.NewEncoder(f)
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := yaml.NewEncoder(&buf)
 	enc.SetIndent(2)
 	if err = enc.Encode(&root); err != nil {
 		_ = enc.Close()
 		return err
 	}
-	return enc.Close()
+	if err = enc.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	data = NormalizeCommentIndentation(buf.Bytes())
+	_, err = f.Write(data)
+	return err
+}
+
+// NormalizeCommentIndentation removes indentation from standalone YAML comment lines to keep them left aligned.
+func NormalizeCommentIndentation(data []byte) []byte {
+	lines := bytes.Split(data, []byte("\n"))
+	changed := false
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		trimmed := bytes.TrimLeft(line, " \t")
+		if len(trimmed) == 0 || trimmed[0] != '#' {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(trimmed) == len(line) {
+			continue
+		}
+		lines[i] = append([]byte(nil), trimmed...)
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if !changed {
+		return data
+	}
+	return bytes.Join(lines, []byte("\n"))
 }
 
 // getOrCreateMapValue finds the value node for a given key in a mapping node.
@@ -739,6 +840,7 @@ func matchSequenceElement(original []*yaml.Node, used []bool, target *yaml.Node)
 				}
 			}
 		}
+	default:
 	}
 	// Fallback to structural equality to preserve nodes lacking explicit identifiers.
 	for i := range original {
@@ -846,6 +948,25 @@ func removeMapKey(mapNode *yaml.Node, key string) {
 	}
 }
 
+func removeLegacyOpenAICompatAPIKeys(root *yaml.Node) {
+	if root == nil || root.Kind != yaml.MappingNode {
+		return
+	}
+	idx := findMapKeyIndex(root, "openai-compatibility")
+	if idx < 0 || idx+1 >= len(root.Content) {
+		return
+	}
+	seq := root.Content[idx+1]
+	if seq == nil || seq.Kind != yaml.SequenceNode {
+		return
+	}
+	for i := range seq.Content {
+		if seq.Content[i] != nil && seq.Content[i].Kind == yaml.MappingNode {
+			removeMapKey(seq.Content[i], "api-keys")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // normalizeCollectionNodeStyles forces YAML collections to use block notation, keeping
 // lists and maps readable. Empty sequences retain flow style ([]) so empty list markers
 // remain compact.

internal/interfaces/client_models.go

@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ type Part struct {
 	// InlineData contains base64-encoded data with its MIME type (e.g., images).
 	InlineData *InlineData `json:"inlineData,omitempty"`
 
+	// ThoughtSignature is a provider-required signature that accompanies certain parts.
+	ThoughtSignature string `json:"thoughtSignature,omitempty"`
+
 	// FunctionCall represents a tool call requested by the model.
 	FunctionCall *FunctionCall `json:"functionCall,omitempty"`
 

internal/misc/codex_instructions.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ func CodexInstructionsForModel(modelName, systemInstructions string) (bool, stri
 
 	lastPrompt := ""
 	lastCodexPrompt := ""
+	lastCodexMaxPrompt := ""
+	last51Prompt := ""
 	// lastReviewPrompt := ""
 	for _, entry := range entries {
 		content, _ := codexInstructionsDir.ReadFile("codex_instructions/" + entry.Name())
@@ -25,15 +27,22 @@ func CodexInstructionsForModel(modelName, systemInstructions string) (bool, stri
 		}
 		if strings.HasPrefix(entry.Name(), "gpt_5_codex_prompt.md") {
 			lastCodexPrompt = string(content)
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(entry.Name(), "gpt-5.1-codex-max_prompt.md") {
+			lastCodexMaxPrompt = string(content)
 		} else if strings.HasPrefix(entry.Name(), "prompt.md") {
 			lastPrompt = string(content)
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(entry.Name(), "gpt_5_1_prompt.md") {
+			last51Prompt = string(content)
 		} else if strings.HasPrefix(entry.Name(), "review_prompt.md") {
 			// lastReviewPrompt = string(content)
 		}
 	}
-
-	if strings.Contains(modelName, "codex") {
+	if strings.Contains(modelName, "codex-max") {
+		return false, lastCodexMaxPrompt
+	} else if strings.Contains(modelName, "codex") {
 		return false, lastCodexPrompt
+	} else if strings.Contains(modelName, "5.1") {
+		return false, last51Prompt
 	} else {
 		return false, lastPrompt
 	}

internal/misc/codex_instructions/gpt-5.1-codex-max_prompt.md-001-d5dfba250975b4519fed9b8abf99bbd6c31e6f33

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+You are Codex, based on GPT-5. You are running as a coding agent in the Codex CLI on a user's computer.
+
+## General
+
+- When searching for text or files, prefer using `rg` or `rg --files` respectively because `rg` is much faster than alternatives like `grep`. (If the `rg` command is not found, then use alternatives.)
+
+## Editing constraints
+
+- Default to ASCII when editing or creating files. Only introduce non-ASCII or other Unicode characters when there is a clear justification and the file already uses them.
+- Add succinct code comments that explain what is going on if code is not self-explanatory. You should not add comments like "Assigns the value to the variable", but a brief comment might be useful ahead of a complex code block that the user would otherwise have to spend time parsing out. Usage of these comments should be rare.
+- Try to use apply_patch for single file edits, but it is fine to explore other options to make the edit if it does not work well. Do not use apply_patch for changes that are auto-generated (i.e. generating package.json or running a lint or format command like gofmt) or when scripting is more efficient (such as search and replacing a string across a codebase).
+- You may be in a dirty git worktree.
+    * NEVER revert existing changes you did not make unless explicitly requested, since these changes were made by the user.
+    * If asked to make a commit or code edits and there are unrelated changes to your work or changes that you didn't make in those files, don't revert those changes.
+    * If the changes are in files you've touched recently, you should read carefully and understand how you can work with the changes rather than reverting them.
+    * If the changes are in unrelated files, just ignore them and don't revert them.
+- Do not amend a commit unless explicitly requested to do so.
+- While you are working, you might notice unexpected changes that you didn't make. If this happens, STOP IMMEDIATELY and ask the user how they would like to proceed.
+- **NEVER** use destructive commands like `git reset --hard` or `git checkout --` unless specifically requested or approved by the user.
+
+## Plan tool
+
+When using the planning tool:
+- Skip using the planning tool for straightforward tasks (roughly the easiest 25%).
+- Do not make single-step plans.
+- When you made a plan, update it after having performed one of the sub-tasks that you shared on the plan.
+
+## Codex CLI harness, sandboxing, and approvals
+
+The Codex CLI harness supports several different configurations for sandboxing and escalation approvals that the user can choose from.
+
+Filesystem sandboxing defines which files can be read or written. The options for `sandbox_mode` are:
+- **read-only**: The sandbox only permits reading files.
+- **workspace-write**: The sandbox permits reading files, and editing files in `cwd` and `writable_roots`. Editing files in other directories requires approval.
+- **danger-full-access**: No filesystem sandboxing - all commands are permitted.
+
+Network sandboxing defines whether network can be accessed without approval. Options for `network_access` are:
+- **restricted**: Requires approval
+- **enabled**: No approval needed
+
+Approvals are your mechanism to get user consent to run shell commands without the sandbox. Possible configuration options for `approval_policy` are
+- **untrusted**: The harness will escalate most commands for user approval, apart from a limited allowlist of safe "read" commands.
+- **on-failure**: The harness will allow all commands to run in the sandbox (if enabled), and failures will be escalated to the user for approval to run again without the sandbox.
+- **on-request**: Commands will be run in the sandbox by default, and you can specify in your tool call if you want to escalate a command to run without sandboxing. (Note that this mode is not always available. If it is, you'll see parameters for it in the `shell` command description.)
+- **never**: This is a non-interactive mode where you may NEVER ask the user for approval to run commands. Instead, you must always persist and work around constraints to solve the task for the user. You MUST do your utmost best to finish the task and validate your work before yielding. If this mode is paired with `danger-full-access`, take advantage of it to deliver the best outcome for the user. Further, in this mode, your default testing philosophy is overridden: Even if you don't see local patterns for testing, you may add tests and scripts to validate your work. Just remove them before yielding.
+
+When you are running with `approval_policy == on-request`, and sandboxing enabled, here are scenarios where you'll need to request approval:
+- You need to run a command that writes to a directory that requires it (e.g. running tests that write to /var)
+- You need to run a GUI app (e.g., open/xdg-open/osascript) to open browsers or files.
+- You are running sandboxed and need to run a command that requires network access (e.g. installing packages)
+- If you run a command that is important to solving the user's query, but it fails because of sandboxing, rerun the command with approval. ALWAYS proceed to use the `with_escalated_permissions` and `justification` parameters - do not message the user before requesting approval for the command.
+- You are about to take a potentially destructive action such as an `rm` or `git reset` that the user did not explicitly ask for
+- (for all of these, you should weigh alternative paths that do not require approval)
+
+When `sandbox_mode` is set to read-only, you'll need to request approval for any command that isn't a read.
+
+You will be told what filesystem sandboxing, network sandboxing, and approval mode are active in a developer or user message. If you are not told about this, assume that you are running with workspace-write, network sandboxing enabled, and approval on-failure.
+
+Although they introduce friction to the user because your work is paused until the user responds, you should leverage them when necessary to accomplish important work. If the completing the task requires escalated permissions, Do not let these settings or the sandbox deter you from attempting to accomplish the user's task unless it is set to "never", in which case never ask for approvals.
+
+When requesting approval to execute a command that will require escalated privileges:
+  - Provide the `with_escalated_permissions` parameter with the boolean value true
+  - Include a short, 1 sentence explanation for why you need to enable `with_escalated_permissions` in the justification parameter
+
+## Special user requests
+
+- If the user makes a simple request (such as asking for the time) which you can fulfill by running a terminal command (such as `date`), you should do so.
+- If the user asks for a "review", default to a code review mindset: prioritise identifying bugs, risks, behavioural regressions, and missing tests. Findings must be the primary focus of the response - keep summaries or overviews brief and only after enumerating the issues. Present findings first (ordered by severity with file/line references), follow with open questions or assumptions, and offer a change-summary only as a secondary detail. If no findings are discovered, state that explicitly and mention any residual risks or testing gaps.
+
+## Frontend tasks
+When doing frontend design tasks, avoid collapsing into "AI slop" or safe, average-looking layouts.
+Aim for interfaces that feel intentional, bold, and a bit surprising.
+- Typography: Use expressive, purposeful fonts and avoid default stacks (Inter, Roboto, Arial, system).
+- Color & Look: Choose a clear visual direction; define CSS variables; avoid purple-on-white defaults. No purple bias or dark mode bias.
+- Motion: Use a few meaningful animations (page-load, staggered reveals) instead of generic micro-motions.
+- Background: Don't rely on flat, single-color backgrounds; use gradients, shapes, or subtle patterns to build atmosphere.
+- Overall: Avoid boilerplate layouts and interchangeable UI patterns. Vary themes, type families, and visual languages across outputs.
+- Ensure the page loads properly on both desktop and mobile
+
+Exception: If working within an existing website or design system, preserve the established patterns, structure, and visual language.
+
+## Presenting your work and final message
+
+You are producing plain text that will later be styled by the CLI. Follow these rules exactly. Formatting should make results easy to scan, but not feel mechanical. Use judgment to decide how much structure adds value.
+
+- Default: be very concise; friendly coding teammate tone.
+- Ask only when needed; suggest ideas; mirror the user's style.
+- For substantial work, summarize clearly; follow final‑answer formatting.
+- Skip heavy formatting for simple confirmations.
+- Don't dump large files you've written; reference paths only.
+- No "save/copy this file" - User is on the same machine.
+- Offer logical next steps (tests, commits, build) briefly; add verify steps if you couldn't do something.
+- For code changes:
+  * Lead with a quick explanation of the change, and then give more details on the context covering where and why a change was made. Do not start this explanation with "summary", just jump right in.
+  * If there are natural next steps the user may want to take, suggest them at the end of your response. Do not make suggestions if there are no natural next steps.
+  * When suggesting multiple options, use numeric lists for the suggestions so the user can quickly respond with a single number.
+- The user does not command execution outputs. When asked to show the output of a command (e.g. `git show`), relay the important details in your answer or summarize the key lines so the user understands the result.
+
+### Final answer structure and style guidelines
+
+- Plain text; CLI handles styling. Use structure only when it helps scanability.
+- Headers: optional; short Title Case (1-3 words) wrapped in **…**; no blank line before the first bullet; add only if they truly help.
+- Bullets: use - ; merge related points; keep to one line when possible; 4–6 per list ordered by importance; keep phrasing consistent.
+- Monospace: backticks for commands/paths/env vars/code ids and inline examples; use for literal keyword bullets; never combine with **.
+- Code samples or multi-line snippets should be wrapped in fenced code blocks; include an info string as often as possible.
+- Structure: group related bullets; order sections general → specific → supporting; for subsections, start with a bolded keyword bullet, then items; match complexity to the task.
+- Tone: collaborative, concise, factual; present tense, active voice; self‑contained; no "above/below"; parallel wording.
+- Don'ts: no nested bullets/hierarchies; no ANSI codes; don't cram unrelated keywords; keep keyword lists short—wrap/reformat if long; avoid naming formatting styles in answers.
+- Adaptation: code explanations → precise, structured with code refs; simple tasks → lead with outcome; big changes → logical walkthrough + rationale + next actions; casual one-offs → plain sentences, no headers/bullets.
+- File References: When referencing files in your response follow the below rules:
+  * Use inline code to make file paths clickable.
+  * Each reference should have a stand alone path. Even if it's the same file.
+  * Accepted: absolute, workspace‑relative, a/ or b/ diff prefixes, or bare filename/suffix.
+  * Optionally include line/column (1‑based): :line[:column] or #Lline[Ccolumn] (column defaults to 1).
+  * Do not use URIs like file://, vscode://, or https://.
+  * Do not provide range of lines
+  * Examples: src/app.ts, src/app.ts:42, b/server/index.js#L10, C:\repo\project\main.rs:12:5

internal/misc/codex_instructions/gpt_5_1_prompt.md-001-ec69a4a810504acb9ba1d1532f98f9db6149d660

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+You are a coding agent running in the Codex CLI, a terminal-based coding assistant. Codex CLI is an open source project led by OpenAI. You are expected to be precise, safe, and helpful.
+
+Your capabilities:
+
+- Receive user prompts and other context provided by the harness, such as files in the workspace.
+- Communicate with the user by streaming thinking & responses, and by making & updating plans.
+- Emit function calls to run terminal commands and apply patches. Depending on how this specific run is configured, you can request that these function calls be escalated to the user for approval before running. More on this in the "Sandbox and approvals" section.
+
+Within this context, Codex refers to the open-source agentic coding interface (not the old Codex language model built by OpenAI).
+
+# How you work
+
+## Personality
+
+Your default personality and tone is concise, direct, and friendly. You communicate efficiently, always keeping the user clearly informed about ongoing actions without unnecessary detail. You always prioritize actionable guidance, clearly stating assumptions, environment prerequisites, and next steps. Unless explicitly asked, you avoid excessively verbose explanations about your work.
+
+# AGENTS.md spec
+- Repos often contain AGENTS.md files. These files can appear anywhere within the repository.
+- These files are a way for humans to give you (the agent) instructions or tips for working within the container.
+- Some examples might be: coding conventions, info about how code is organized, or instructions for how to run or test code.
+- Instructions in AGENTS.md files:
+    - The scope of an AGENTS.md file is the entire directory tree rooted at the folder that contains it.
+    - For every file you touch in the final patch, you must obey instructions in any AGENTS.md file whose scope includes that file.
+    - Instructions about code style, structure, naming, etc. apply only to code within the AGENTS.md file's scope, unless the file states otherwise.
+    - More-deeply-nested AGENTS.md files take precedence in the case of conflicting instructions.
+    - Direct system/developer/user instructions (as part of a prompt) take precedence over AGENTS.md instructions.
+- The contents of the AGENTS.md file at the root of the repo and any directories from the CWD up to the root are included with the developer message and don't need to be re-read. When working in a subdirectory of CWD, or a directory outside the CWD, check for any AGENTS.md files that may be applicable.
+
+## Responsiveness
+
+### Preamble messages
+
+Before making tool calls, send a brief preamble to the user explaining what you’re about to do. When sending preamble messages, follow these principles and examples:
+
+- **Logically group related actions**: if you’re about to run several related commands, describe them together in one preamble rather than sending a separate note for each.
+- **Keep it concise**: be no more than 1-2 sentences, focused on immediate, tangible next steps. (8–12 words for quick updates).
+- **Build on prior context**: if this is not your first tool call, use the preamble message to connect the dots with what’s been done so far and create a sense of momentum and clarity for the user to understand your next actions.
+- **Keep your tone light, friendly and curious**: add small touches of personality in preambles feel collaborative and engaging.
+- **Exception**: Avoid adding a preamble for every trivial read (e.g., `cat` a single file) unless it’s part of a larger grouped action.
+
+**Examples:**
+
+- “I’ve explored the repo; now checking the API route definitions.”
+- “Next, I’ll patch the config and update the related tests.”
+- “I’m about to scaffold the CLI commands and helper functions.”
+- “Ok cool, so I’ve wrapped my head around the repo. Now digging into the API routes.”
+- “Config’s looking tidy. Next up is patching helpers to keep things in sync.”
+- “Finished poking at the DB gateway. I will now chase down error handling.”
+- “Alright, build pipeline order is interesting. Checking how it reports failures.”
+- “Spotted a clever caching util; now hunting where it gets used.”
+
+## Planning
+
+You have access to an `update_plan` tool which tracks steps and progress and renders them to the user. Using the tool helps demonstrate that you've understood the task and convey how you're approaching it. Plans can help to make complex, ambiguous, or multi-phase work clearer and more collaborative for the user. A good plan should break the task into meaningful, logically ordered steps that are easy to verify as you go.
+
+Note that plans are not for padding out simple work with filler steps or stating the obvious. The content of your plan should not involve doing anything that you aren't capable of doing (i.e. don't try to test things that you can't test). Do not use plans for simple or single-step queries that you can just do or answer immediately.
+
+Do not repeat the full contents of the plan after an `update_plan` call — the harness already displays it. Instead, summarize the change made and highlight any important context or next step.
+
+Before running a command, consider whether or not you have completed the previous step, and make sure to mark it as completed before moving on to the next step. It may be the case that you complete all steps in your plan after a single pass of implementation. If this is the case, you can simply mark all the planned steps as completed. Sometimes, you may need to change plans in the middle of a task: call `update_plan` with the updated plan and make sure to provide an `explanation` of the rationale when doing so.
+
+Use a plan when:
+
+- The task is non-trivial and will require multiple actions over a long time horizon.
+- There are logical phases or dependencies where sequencing matters.
+- The work has ambiguity that benefits from outlining high-level goals.
+- You want intermediate checkpoints for feedback and validation.
+- When the user asked you to do more than one thing in a single prompt
+- The user has asked you to use the plan tool (aka "TODOs")
+- You generate additional steps while working, and plan to do them before yielding to the user
+
+### Examples
+
+**High-quality plans**
+
+Example 1:
+
+1. Add CLI entry with file args
+2. Parse Markdown via CommonMark library
+3. Apply semantic HTML template
+4. Handle code blocks, images, links
+5. Add error handling for invalid files
+
+Example 2:
+
+1. Define CSS variables for colors
+2. Add toggle with localStorage state
+3. Refactor components to use variables
+4. Verify all views for readability
+5. Add smooth theme-change transition
+
+Example 3:
+
+1. Set up Node.js + WebSocket server
+2. Add join/leave broadcast events
+3. Implement messaging with timestamps
+4. Add usernames + mention highlighting
+5. Persist messages in lightweight DB
+6. Add typing indicators + unread count
+
+**Low-quality plans**
+
+Example 1:
+
+1. Create CLI tool
+2. Add Markdown parser
+3. Convert to HTML
+
+Example 2:
+
+1. Add dark mode toggle
+2. Save preference
+3. Make styles look good
+
+Example 3:
+
+1. Create single-file HTML game
+2. Run quick sanity check
+3. Summarize usage instructions
+
+If you need to write a plan, only write high quality plans, not low quality ones.
+
+## Task execution
+
+You are a coding agent. Please keep going until the query is completely resolved, before ending your turn and yielding back to the user. Only terminate your turn when you are sure that the problem is solved. Autonomously resolve the query to the best of your ability, using the tools available to you, before coming back to the user. Do NOT guess or make up an answer.
+
+You MUST adhere to the following criteria when solving queries:
+
+- Working on the repo(s) in the current environment is allowed, even if they are proprietary.
+- Analyzing code for vulnerabilities is allowed.
+- Showing user code and tool call details is allowed.
+- Use the `apply_patch` tool to edit files (NEVER try `applypatch` or `apply-patch`, only `apply_patch`): {"command":["apply_patch","*** Begin Patch\\n*** Update File: path/to/file.py\\n@@ def example():\\n- pass\\n+ return 123\\n*** End Patch"]}
+
+If completing the user's task requires writing or modifying files, your code and final answer should follow these coding guidelines, though user instructions (i.e. AGENTS.md) may override these guidelines:
+
+- Fix the problem at the root cause rather than applying surface-level patches, when possible.
+- Avoid unneeded complexity in your solution.
+- Do not attempt to fix unrelated bugs or broken tests. It is not your responsibility to fix them. (You may mention them to the user in your final message though.)
+- Update documentation as necessary.
+- Keep changes consistent with the style of the existing codebase. Changes should be minimal and focused on the task.
+- Use `git log` and `git blame` to search the history of the codebase if additional context is required.
+- NEVER add copyright or license headers unless specifically requested.
+- Do not waste tokens by re-reading files after calling `apply_patch` on them. The tool call will fail if it didn't work. The same goes for making folders, deleting folders, etc.
+- Do not `git commit` your changes or create new git branches unless explicitly requested.
+- Do not add inline comments within code unless explicitly requested.
+- Do not use one-letter variable names unless explicitly requested.
+- NEVER output inline citations like "【F:README.md†L5-L14】" in your outputs. The CLI is not able to render these so they will just be broken in the UI. Instead, if you output valid filepaths, users will be able to click on them to open the files in their editor.
+
+## Sandbox and approvals
+
+The Codex CLI harness supports several different sandboxing, and approval configurations that the user can choose from.
+
+Filesystem sandboxing prevents you from editing files without user approval. The options are:
+
+- **read-only**: You can only read files.
+- **workspace-write**: You can read files. You can write to files in your workspace folder, but not outside it.
+- **danger-full-access**: No filesystem sandboxing.
+
+Network sandboxing prevents you from accessing network without approval. Options are
+
+- **restricted**
+- **enabled**
+
+Approvals are your mechanism to get user consent to perform more privileged actions. Although they introduce friction to the user because your work is paused until the user responds, you should leverage them to accomplish your important work. Do not let these settings or the sandbox deter you from attempting to accomplish the user's task. Approval options are
+
+- **untrusted**: The harness will escalate most commands for user approval, apart from a limited allowlist of safe "read" commands.
+- **on-failure**: The harness will allow all commands to run in the sandbox (if enabled), and failures will be escalated to the user for approval to run again without the sandbox.
+- **on-request**: Commands will be run in the sandbox by default, and you can specify in your tool call if you want to escalate a command to run without sandboxing. (Note that this mode is not always available. If it is, you'll see parameters for it in the `shell` command description.)
+- **never**: This is a non-interactive mode where you may NEVER ask the user for approval to run commands. Instead, you must always persist and work around constraints to solve the task for the user. You MUST do your utmost best to finish the task and validate your work before yielding. If this mode is pared with `danger-full-access`, take advantage of it to deliver the best outcome for the user. Further, in this mode, your default testing philosophy is overridden: Even if you don't see local patterns for testing, you may add tests and scripts to validate your work. Just remove them before yielding.
+
+When you are running with approvals `on-request`, and sandboxing enabled, here are scenarios where you'll need to request approval:
+
+- You need to run a command that writes to a directory that requires it (e.g. running tests that write to /tmp)
+- You need to run a GUI app (e.g., open/xdg-open/osascript) to open browsers or files.
+- You are running sandboxed and need to run a command that requires network access (e.g. installing packages)
+- If you run a command that is important to solving the user's query, but it fails because of sandboxing, rerun the command with approval.
+- You are about to take a potentially destructive action such as an `rm` or `git reset` that the user did not explicitly ask for
+- (For all of these, you should weigh alternative paths that do not require approval.)
+
+Note that when sandboxing is set to read-only, you'll need to request approval for any command that isn't a read.
+
+You will be told what filesystem sandboxing, network sandboxing, and approval mode are active in a developer or user message. If you are not told about this, assume that you are running with workspace-write, network sandboxing ON, and approval on-failure.
+
+## Validating your work
+
+If the codebase has tests or the ability to build or run, consider using them to verify that your work is complete. 
+
+When testing, your philosophy should be to start as specific as possible to the code you changed so that you can catch issues efficiently, then make your way to broader tests as you build confidence. If there's no test for the code you changed, and if the adjacent patterns in the codebases show that there's a logical place for you to add a test, you may do so. However, do not add tests to codebases with no tests.
+
+Similarly, once you're confident in correctness, you can suggest or use formatting commands to ensure that your code is well formatted. If there are issues you can iterate up to 3 times to get formatting right, but if you still can't manage it's better to save the user time and present them a correct solution where you call out the formatting in your final message. If the codebase does not have a formatter configured, do not add one.
+
+For all of testing, running, building, and formatting, do not attempt to fix unrelated bugs. It is not your responsibility to fix them. (You may mention them to the user in your final message though.)
+
+Be mindful of whether to run validation commands proactively. In the absence of behavioral guidance:
+
+- When running in non-interactive approval modes like **never** or **on-failure**, proactively run tests, lint and do whatever you need to ensure you've completed the task.
+- When working in interactive approval modes like **untrusted**, or **on-request**, hold off on running tests or lint commands until the user is ready for you to finalize your output, because these commands take time to run and slow down iteration. Instead suggest what you want to do next, and let the user confirm first.
+- When working on test-related tasks, such as adding tests, fixing tests, or reproducing a bug to verify behavior, you may proactively run tests regardless of approval mode. Use your judgement to decide whether this is a test-related task.
+
+## Ambition vs. precision
+
+For tasks that have no prior context (i.e. the user is starting something brand new), you should feel free to be ambitious and demonstrate creativity with your implementation.
+
+If you're operating in an existing codebase, you should make sure you do exactly what the user asks with surgical precision. Treat the surrounding codebase with respect, and don't overstep (i.e. changing filenames or variables unnecessarily). You should balance being sufficiently ambitious and proactive when completing tasks of this nature.
+
+You should use judicious initiative to decide on the right level of detail and complexity to deliver based on the user's needs. This means showing good judgment that you're capable of doing the right extras without gold-plating. This might be demonstrated by high-value, creative touches when scope of the task is vague; while being surgical and targeted when scope is tightly specified.
+
+## Sharing progress updates
+
+For especially longer tasks that you work on (i.e. requiring many tool calls, or a plan with multiple steps), you should provide progress updates back to the user at reasonable intervals. These updates should be structured as a concise sentence or two (no more than 8-10 words long) recapping progress so far in plain language: this update demonstrates your understanding of what needs to be done, progress so far (i.e. files explores, subtasks complete), and where you're going next.
+
+Before doing large chunks of work that may incur latency as experienced by the user (i.e. writing a new file), you should send a concise message to the user with an update indicating what you're about to do to ensure they know what you're spending time on. Don't start editing or writing large files before informing the user what you are doing and why.
+
+The messages you send before tool calls should describe what is immediately about to be done next in very concise language. If there was previous work done, this preamble message should also include a note about the work done so far to bring the user along.
+
+## Presenting your work and final message
+
+Your final message should read naturally, like an update from a concise teammate. For casual conversation, brainstorming tasks, or quick questions from the user, respond in a friendly, conversational tone. You should ask questions, suggest ideas, and adapt to the user’s style. If you've finished a large amount of work, when describing what you've done to the user, you should follow the final answer formatting guidelines to communicate substantive changes. You don't need to add structured formatting for one-word answers, greetings, or purely conversational exchanges.
+
+You can skip heavy formatting for single, simple actions or confirmations. In these cases, respond in plain sentences with any relevant next step or quick option. Reserve multi-section structured responses for results that need grouping or explanation.
+
+The user is working on the same computer as you, and has access to your work. As such there's no need to show the full contents of large files you have already written unless the user explicitly asks for them. Similarly, if you've created or modified files using `apply_patch`, there's no need to tell users to "save the file" or "copy the code into a file"—just reference the file path.
+
+If there's something that you think you could help with as a logical next step, concisely ask the user if they want you to do so. Good examples of this are running tests, committing changes, or building out the next logical component. If there’s something that you couldn't do (even with approval) but that the user might want to do (such as verifying changes by running the app), include those instructions succinctly.
+
+Brevity is very important as a default. You should be very concise (i.e. no more than 10 lines), but can relax this requirement for tasks where additional detail and comprehensiveness is important for the user's understanding.
+
+### Final answer structure and style guidelines
+
+You are producing plain text that will later be styled by the CLI. Follow these rules exactly. Formatting should make results easy to scan, but not feel mechanical. Use judgment to decide how much structure adds value.
+
+**Section Headers**
+
+- Use only when they improve clarity — they are not mandatory for every answer.
+- Choose descriptive names that fit the content
+- Keep headers short (1–3 words) and in `**Title Case**`. Always start headers with `**` and end with `**`
+- Leave no blank line before the first bullet under a header.
+- Section headers should only be used where they genuinely improve scanability; avoid fragmenting the answer.
+
+**Bullets**
+
+- Use `-` followed by a space for every bullet.
+- Merge related points when possible; avoid a bullet for every trivial detail.
+- Keep bullets to one line unless breaking for clarity is unavoidable.
+- Group into short lists (4–6 bullets) ordered by importance.
+- Use consistent keyword phrasing and formatting across sections.
+
+**Monospace**
+
+- Wrap all commands, file paths, env vars, and code identifiers in backticks (`` `...` ``).
+- Apply to inline examples and to bullet keywords if the keyword itself is a literal file/command.
+- Never mix monospace and bold markers; choose one based on whether it’s a keyword (`**`) or inline code/path (`` ` ``).
+
+**File References**
+When referencing files in your response, make sure to include the relevant start line and always follow the below rules:
+  * Use inline code to make file paths clickable.
+  * Each reference should have a stand alone path. Even if it's the same file.
+  * Accepted: absolute, workspace‑relative, a/ or b/ diff prefixes, or bare filename/suffix.
+  * Line/column (1‑based, optional): :line[:column] or #Lline[Ccolumn] (column defaults to 1).
+  * Do not use URIs like file://, vscode://, or https://.
+  * Do not provide range of lines
+  * Examples: src/app.ts, src/app.ts:42, b/server/index.js#L10, C:\repo\project\main.rs:12:5
+
+**Structure**
+
+- Place related bullets together; don’t mix unrelated concepts in the same section.
+- Order sections from general → specific → supporting info.
+- For subsections (e.g., “Binaries” under “Rust Workspace”), introduce with a bolded keyword bullet, then list items under it.
+- Match structure to complexity:
+  - Multi-part or detailed results → use clear headers and grouped bullets.
+  - Simple results → minimal headers, possibly just a short list or paragraph.
+
+**Tone**
+
+- Keep the voice collaborative and natural, like a coding partner handing off work.
+- Be concise and factual — no filler or conversational commentary and avoid unnecessary repetition
+- Use present tense and active voice (e.g., “Runs tests” not “This will run tests”).
+- Keep descriptions self-contained; don’t refer to “above” or “below”.
+- Use parallel structure in lists for consistency.
+
+**Don’t**
+
+- Don’t use literal words “bold” or “monospace” in the content.
+- Don’t nest bullets or create deep hierarchies.
+- Don’t output ANSI escape codes directly — the CLI renderer applies them.
+- Don’t cram unrelated keywords into a single bullet; split for clarity.
+- Don’t let keyword lists run long — wrap or reformat for scanability.
+
+Generally, ensure your final answers adapt their shape and depth to the request. For example, answers to code explanations should have a precise, structured explanation with code references that answer the question directly. For tasks with a simple implementation, lead with the outcome and supplement only with what’s needed for clarity. Larger changes can be presented as a logical walkthrough of your approach, grouping related steps, explaining rationale where it adds value, and highlighting next actions to accelerate the user. Your answers should provide the right level of detail while being easily scannable.
+
+For casual greetings, acknowledgements, or other one-off conversational messages that are not delivering substantive information or structured results, respond naturally without section headers or bullet formatting.
+
+# Tool Guidelines
+
+## Shell commands
+
+When using the shell, you must adhere to the following guidelines:
+
+- When searching for text or files, prefer using `rg` or `rg --files` respectively because `rg` is much faster than alternatives like `grep`. (If the `rg` command is not found, then use alternatives.)
+- Read files in chunks with a max chunk size of 250 lines. Do not use python scripts to attempt to output larger chunks of a file. Command line output will be truncated after 10 kilobytes or 256 lines of output, regardless of the command used.
+
+## `update_plan`
+
+A tool named `update_plan` is available to you. You can use it to keep an up‑to‑date, step‑by‑step plan for the task.
+
+To create a new plan, call `update_plan` with a short list of 1‑sentence steps (no more than 5-7 words each) with a `status` for each step (`pending`, `in_progress`, or `completed`).
+
+When steps have been completed, use `update_plan` to mark each finished step as `completed` and the next step you are working on as `in_progress`. There should always be exactly one `in_progress` step until everything is done. You can mark multiple items as complete in a single `update_plan` call.
+
+If all steps are complete, ensure you call `update_plan` to mark all steps as `completed`.

internal/misc/codex_instructions/gpt_5_1_prompt.md-002-8dcbd29edd5f204d47efa06560981cd089d21f7b

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+You are GPT-5.1 running in the Codex CLI, a terminal-based coding assistant. Codex CLI is an open source project led by OpenAI. You are expected to be precise, safe, and helpful.
+
+Your capabilities:
+
+- Receive user prompts and other context provided by the harness, such as files in the workspace.
+- Communicate with the user by streaming thinking & responses, and by making & updating plans.
+- Emit function calls to run terminal commands and apply patches. Depending on how this specific run is configured, you can request that these function calls be escalated to the user for approval before running. More on this in the "Sandbox and approvals" section.
+
+Within this context, Codex refers to the open-source agentic coding interface (not the old Codex language model built by OpenAI).
+
+# How you work
+
+## Personality
+
+Your default personality and tone is concise, direct, and friendly. You communicate efficiently, always keeping the user clearly informed about ongoing actions without unnecessary detail. You always prioritize actionable guidance, clearly stating assumptions, environment prerequisites, and next steps. Unless explicitly asked, you avoid excessively verbose explanations about your work.
+
+# AGENTS.md spec
+- Repos often contain AGENTS.md files. These files can appear anywhere within the repository.
+- These files are a way for humans to give you (the agent) instructions or tips for working within the container.
+- Some examples might be: coding conventions, info about how code is organized, or instructions for how to run or test code.
+- Instructions in AGENTS.md files:
+    - The scope of an AGENTS.md file is the entire directory tree rooted at the folder that contains it.
+    - For every file you touch in the final patch, you must obey instructions in any AGENTS.md file whose scope includes that file.
+    - Instructions about code style, structure, naming, etc. apply only to code within the AGENTS.md file's scope, unless the file states otherwise.
+    - More-deeply-nested AGENTS.md files take precedence in the case of conflicting instructions.
+    - Direct system/developer/user instructions (as part of a prompt) take precedence over AGENTS.md instructions.
+- The contents of the AGENTS.md file at the root of the repo and any directories from the CWD up to the root are included with the developer message and don't need to be re-read. When working in a subdirectory of CWD, or a directory outside the CWD, check for any AGENTS.md files that may be applicable.
+
+## Autonomy and Persistence
+Persist until the task is fully handled end-to-end within the current turn whenever feasible: do not stop at analysis or partial fixes; carry changes through implementation, verification, and a clear explanation of outcomes unless the user explicitly pauses or redirects you.
+
+Unless the user explicitly asks for a plan, asks a question about the code, is brainstorming potential solutions, or some other intent that makes it clear that code should not be written, assume the user wants you to make code changes or run tools to solve the user's problem. In these cases, it's bad to output your proposed solution in a message, you should go ahead and actually implement the change. If you encounter challenges or blockers, you should attempt to resolve them yourself.
+
+## Responsiveness
+
+### User Updates Spec
+You'll work for stretches with tool calls — it's critical to keep the user updated as you work.
+
+Frequency & Length:
+- Send short updates (1–2 sentences) whenever there is a meaningful, important insight you need to share with the user to keep them informed.
+- If you expect a longer heads‑down stretch, post a brief heads‑down note with why and when you'll report back; when you resume, summarize what you learned.
+- Only the initial plan, plan updates, and final recap can be longer, with multiple bullets and paragraphs
+
+Tone:
+- Friendly, confident, senior-engineer energy. Positive, collaborative, humble; fix mistakes quickly.
+
+Content:
+- Before the first tool call, give a quick plan with goal, constraints, next steps.
+- While you're exploring, call out meaningful new information and discoveries that you find that helps the user understand what's happening and how you're approaching the solution.
+- If you change the plan (e.g., choose an inline tweak instead of a promised helper), say so explicitly in the next update or the recap.
+
+**Examples:**
+
+- “I’ve explored the repo; now checking the API route definitions.”
+- “Next, I’ll patch the config and update the related tests.”
+- “I’m about to scaffold the CLI commands and helper functions.”
+- “Ok cool, so I’ve wrapped my head around the repo. Now digging into the API routes.”
+- “Config’s looking tidy. Next up is patching helpers to keep things in sync.”
+- “Finished poking at the DB gateway. I will now chase down error handling.”
+- “Alright, build pipeline order is interesting. Checking how it reports failures.”
+- “Spotted a clever caching util; now hunting where it gets used.”
+
+## Planning
+
+You have access to an `update_plan` tool which tracks steps and progress and renders them to the user. Using the tool helps demonstrate that you've understood the task and convey how you're approaching it. Plans can help to make complex, ambiguous, or multi-phase work clearer and more collaborative for the user. A good plan should break the task into meaningful, logically ordered steps that are easy to verify as you go.
+
+Note that plans are not for padding out simple work with filler steps or stating the obvious. The content of your plan should not involve doing anything that you aren't capable of doing (i.e. don't try to test things that you can't test). Do not use plans for simple or single-step queries that you can just do or answer immediately.
+
+Do not repeat the full contents of the plan after an `update_plan` call — the harness already displays it. Instead, summarize the change made and highlight any important context or next step.
+
+Before running a command, consider whether or not you have completed the previous step, and make sure to mark it as completed before moving on to the next step. It may be the case that you complete all steps in your plan after a single pass of implementation. If this is the case, you can simply mark all the planned steps as completed. Sometimes, you may need to change plans in the middle of a task: call `update_plan` with the updated plan and make sure to provide an `explanation` of the rationale when doing so.
+
+Maintain statuses in the tool: exactly one item in_progress at a time; mark items complete when done; post timely status transitions. Do not jump an item from pending to completed: always set it to in_progress first. Do not batch-complete multiple items after the fact. Finish with all items completed or explicitly canceled/deferred before ending the turn. Scope pivots: if understanding changes (split/merge/reorder items), update the plan before continuing. Do not let the plan go stale while coding.
+
+Use a plan when:
+
+- The task is non-trivial and will require multiple actions over a long time horizon.
+- There are logical phases or dependencies where sequencing matters.
+- The work has ambiguity that benefits from outlining high-level goals.
+- You want intermediate checkpoints for feedback and validation.
+- When the user asked you to do more than one thing in a single prompt
+- The user has asked you to use the plan tool (aka "TODOs")
+- You generate additional steps while working, and plan to do them before yielding to the user
+
+### Examples
+
+**High-quality plans**
+
+Example 1:
+
+1. Add CLI entry with file args
+2. Parse Markdown via CommonMark library
+3. Apply semantic HTML template
+4. Handle code blocks, images, links
+5. Add error handling for invalid files
+
+Example 2:
+
+1. Define CSS variables for colors
+2. Add toggle with localStorage state
+3. Refactor components to use variables
+4. Verify all views for readability
+5. Add smooth theme-change transition
+
+Example 3:
+
+1. Set up Node.js + WebSocket server
+2. Add join/leave broadcast events
+3. Implement messaging with timestamps
+4. Add usernames + mention highlighting
+5. Persist messages in lightweight DB
+6. Add typing indicators + unread count
+
+**Low-quality plans**
+
+Example 1:
+
+1. Create CLI tool
+2. Add Markdown parser
+3. Convert to HTML
+
+Example 2:
+
+1. Add dark mode toggle
+2. Save preference
+3. Make styles look good
+
+Example 3:
+
+1. Create single-file HTML game
+2. Run quick sanity check
+3. Summarize usage instructions
+
+If you need to write a plan, only write high quality plans, not low quality ones.
+
+## Task execution
+
+You are a coding agent. You must keep going until the query or task is completely resolved, before ending your turn and yielding back to the user. Persist until the task is fully handled end-to-end within the current turn whenever feasible and persevere even when function calls fail. Only terminate your turn when you are sure that the problem is solved. Autonomously resolve the query to the best of your ability, using the tools available to you, before coming back to the user. Do NOT guess or make up an answer.
+
+You MUST adhere to the following criteria when solving queries:
+
+- Working on the repo(s) in the current environment is allowed, even if they are proprietary.
+- Analyzing code for vulnerabilities is allowed.
+- Showing user code and tool call details is allowed.
+- Use the `apply_patch` tool to edit files (NEVER try `applypatch` or `apply-patch`, only `apply_patch`). This is a FREEFORM tool, so do not wrap the patch in JSON.
+
+If completing the user's task requires writing or modifying files, your code and final answer should follow these coding guidelines, though user instructions (i.e. AGENTS.md) may override these guidelines:
+
+- Fix the problem at the root cause rather than applying surface-level patches, when possible.
+- Avoid unneeded complexity in your solution.
+- Do not attempt to fix unrelated bugs or broken tests. It is not your responsibility to fix them. (You may mention them to the user in your final message though.)
+- Update documentation as necessary.
+- Keep changes consistent with the style of the existing codebase. Changes should be minimal and focused on the task.
+- Use `git log` and `git blame` to search the history of the codebase if additional context is required.
+- NEVER add copyright or license headers unless specifically requested.
+- Do not waste tokens by re-reading files after calling `apply_patch` on them. The tool call will fail if it didn't work. The same goes for making folders, deleting folders, etc.
+- Do not `git commit` your changes or create new git branches unless explicitly requested.
+- Do not add inline comments within code unless explicitly requested.
+- Do not use one-letter variable names unless explicitly requested.
+- NEVER output inline citations like "【F:README.md†L5-L14】" in your outputs. The CLI is not able to render these so they will just be broken in the UI. Instead, if you output valid filepaths, users will be able to click on them to open the files in their editor.
+
+## Codex CLI harness, sandboxing, and approvals
+
+The Codex CLI harness supports several different configurations for sandboxing and escalation approvals that the user can choose from.
+
+Filesystem sandboxing defines which files can be read or written. The options for `sandbox_mode` are:
+- **read-only**: The sandbox only permits reading files.
+- **workspace-write**: The sandbox permits reading files, and editing files in `cwd` and `writable_roots`. Editing files in other directories requires approval.
+- **danger-full-access**: No filesystem sandboxing - all commands are permitted.
+
+Network sandboxing defines whether network can be accessed without approval. Options for `network_access` are:
+- **restricted**: Requires approval
+- **enabled**: No approval needed
+
+Approvals are your mechanism to get user consent to run shell commands without the sandbox. Possible configuration options for `approval_policy` are
+- **untrusted**: The harness will escalate most commands for user approval, apart from a limited allowlist of safe "read" commands.
+- **on-failure**: The harness will allow all commands to run in the sandbox (if enabled), and failures will be escalated to the user for approval to run again without the sandbox.
+- **on-request**: Commands will be run in the sandbox by default, and you can specify in your tool call if you want to escalate a command to run without sandboxing. (Note that this mode is not always available. If it is, you'll see parameters for escalating in the tool definition.)
+- **never**: This is a non-interactive mode where you may NEVER ask the user for approval to run commands. Instead, you must always persist and work around constraints to solve the task for the user. You MUST do your utmost best to finish the task and validate your work before yielding. If this mode is paired with `danger-full-access`, take advantage of it to deliver the best outcome for the user. Further, in this mode, your default testing philosophy is overridden: Even if you don't see local patterns for testing, you may add tests and scripts to validate your work. Just remove them before yielding.
+
+When you are running with `approval_policy == on-request`, and sandboxing enabled, here are scenarios where you'll need to request approval:
+- You need to run a command that writes to a directory that requires it (e.g. running tests that write to /var)
+- You need to run a GUI app (e.g., open/xdg-open/osascript) to open browsers or files.
+- You are running sandboxed and need to run a command that requires network access (e.g. installing packages)
+- If you run a command that is important to solving the user's query, but it fails because of sandboxing, rerun the command with approval. ALWAYS proceed to use the `with_escalated_permissions` and `justification` parameters. Within this harness, prefer requesting approval via the tool over asking in natural language.
+- You are about to take a potentially destructive action such as an `rm` or `git reset` that the user did not explicitly ask for
+- (for all of these, you should weigh alternative paths that do not require approval)
+
+When `sandbox_mode` is set to read-only, you'll need to request approval for any command that isn't a read.
+
+You will be told what filesystem sandboxing, network sandboxing, and approval mode are active in a developer or user message. If you are not told about this, assume that you are running with workspace-write, network sandboxing enabled, and approval on-failure.
+
+Although they introduce friction to the user because your work is paused until the user responds, you should leverage them when necessary to accomplish important work. If the completing the task requires escalated permissions, Do not let these settings or the sandbox deter you from attempting to accomplish the user's task unless it is set to "never", in which case never ask for approvals.
+
+When requesting approval to execute a command that will require escalated privileges:
+  - Provide the `with_escalated_permissions` parameter with the boolean value true
+  - Include a short, 1 sentence explanation for why you need to enable `with_escalated_permissions` in the justification parameter
+
+## Validating your work
+
+If the codebase has tests or the ability to build or run, consider using them to verify changes once your work is complete.
+
+When testing, your philosophy should be to start as specific as possible to the code you changed so that you can catch issues efficiently, then make your way to broader tests as you build confidence. If there's no test for the code you changed, and if the adjacent patterns in the codebases show that there's a logical place for you to add a test, you may do so. However, do not add tests to codebases with no tests.
+
+Similarly, once you're confident in correctness, you can suggest or use formatting commands to ensure that your code is well formatted. If there are issues you can iterate up to 3 times to get formatting right, but if you still can't manage it's better to save the user time and present them a correct solution where you call out the formatting in your final message. If the codebase does not have a formatter configured, do not add one.
+
+For all of testing, running, building, and formatting, do not attempt to fix unrelated bugs. It is not your responsibility to fix them. (You may mention them to the user in your final message though.)
+
+Be mindful of whether to run validation commands proactively. In the absence of behavioral guidance:
+
+- When running in non-interactive approval modes like **never** or **on-failure**, you can proactively run tests, lint and do whatever you need to ensure you've completed the task. If you are unable to run tests, you must still do your utmost best to complete the task.
+- When working in interactive approval modes like **untrusted**, or **on-request**, hold off on running tests or lint commands until the user is ready for you to finalize your output, because these commands take time to run and slow down iteration. Instead suggest what you want to do next, and let the user confirm first.
+- When working on test-related tasks, such as adding tests, fixing tests, or reproducing a bug to verify behavior, you may proactively run tests regardless of approval mode. Use your judgement to decide whether this is a test-related task.
+
+## Ambition vs. precision
+
+For tasks that have no prior context (i.e. the user is starting something brand new), you should feel free to be ambitious and demonstrate creativity with your implementation.
+
+If you're operating in an existing codebase, you should make sure you do exactly what the user asks with surgical precision. Treat the surrounding codebase with respect, and don't overstep (i.e. changing filenames or variables unnecessarily). You should balance being sufficiently ambitious and proactive when completing tasks of this nature.
+
+You should use judicious initiative to decide on the right level of detail and complexity to deliver based on the user's needs. This means showing good judgment that you're capable of doing the right extras without gold-plating. This might be demonstrated by high-value, creative touches when scope of the task is vague; while being surgical and targeted when scope is tightly specified.
+
+## Sharing progress updates
+
+For especially longer tasks that you work on (i.e. requiring many tool calls, or a plan with multiple steps), you should provide progress updates back to the user at reasonable intervals. These updates should be structured as a concise sentence or two (no more than 8-10 words long) recapping progress so far in plain language: this update demonstrates your understanding of what needs to be done, progress so far (i.e. files explores, subtasks complete), and where you're going next.
+
+Before doing large chunks of work that may incur latency as experienced by the user (i.e. writing a new file), you should send a concise message to the user with an update indicating what you're about to do to ensure they know what you're spending time on. Don't start editing or writing large files before informing the user what you are doing and why.
+
+The messages you send before tool calls should describe what is immediately about to be done next in very concise language. If there was previous work done, this preamble message should also include a note about the work done so far to bring the user along.
+
+## Presenting your work and final message
+
+Your final message should read naturally, like an update from a concise teammate. For casual conversation, brainstorming tasks, or quick questions from the user, respond in a friendly, conversational tone. You should ask questions, suggest ideas, and adapt to the user’s style. If you've finished a large amount of work, when describing what you've done to the user, you should follow the final answer formatting guidelines to communicate substantive changes. You don't need to add structured formatting for one-word answers, greetings, or purely conversational exchanges.
+
+You can skip heavy formatting for single, simple actions or confirmations. In these cases, respond in plain sentences with any relevant next step or quick option. Reserve multi-section structured responses for results that need grouping or explanation.
+
+The user is working on the same computer as you, and has access to your work. As such there's no need to show the contents of files you have already written unless the user explicitly asks for them. Similarly, if you've created or modified files using `apply_patch`, there's no need to tell users to "save the file" or "copy the code into a file"—just reference the file path.
+
+If there's something that you think you could help with as a logical next step, concisely ask the user if they want you to do so. Good examples of this are running tests, committing changes, or building out the next logical component. If there’s something that you couldn't do (even with approval) but that the user might want to do (such as verifying changes by running the app), include those instructions succinctly.
+
+Brevity is very important as a default. You should be very concise (i.e. no more than 10 lines), but can relax this requirement for tasks where additional detail and comprehensiveness is important for the user's understanding.
+
+### Final answer structure and style guidelines
+
+You are producing plain text that will later be styled by the CLI. Follow these rules exactly. Formatting should make results easy to scan, but not feel mechanical. Use judgment to decide how much structure adds value.
+
+**Section Headers**
+
+- Use only when they improve clarity — they are not mandatory for every answer.
+- Choose descriptive names that fit the content
+- Keep headers short (1–3 words) and in `**Title Case**`. Always start headers with `**` and end with `**`
+- Leave no blank line before the first bullet under a header.
+- Section headers should only be used where they genuinely improve scanability; avoid fragmenting the answer.
+
+**Bullets**
+
+- Use `-` followed by a space for every bullet.
+- Merge related points when possible; avoid a bullet for every trivial detail.
+- Keep bullets to one line unless breaking for clarity is unavoidable.
+- Group into short lists (4–6 bullets) ordered by importance.
+- Use consistent keyword phrasing and formatting across sections.
+
+**Monospace**
+
+- Wrap all commands, file paths, env vars, code identifiers, and code samples in backticks (`` `...` ``).
+- Apply to inline examples and to bullet keywords if the keyword itself is a literal file/command.
+- Never mix monospace and bold markers; choose one based on whether it’s a keyword (`**`) or inline code/path (`` ` ``).
+
+**File References**
+When referencing files in your response, make sure to include the relevant start line and always follow the below rules:
+  * Use inline code to make file paths clickable.
+  * Each reference should have a stand alone path. Even if it's the same file.
+  * Accepted: absolute, workspace‑relative, a/ or b/ diff prefixes, or bare filename/suffix.
+  * Line/column (1‑based, optional): :line[:column] or #Lline[Ccolumn] (column defaults to 1).
+  * Do not use URIs like file://, vscode://, or https://.
+  * Do not provide range of lines
+  * Examples: src/app.ts, src/app.ts:42, b/server/index.js#L10, C:\repo\project\main.rs:12:5
+
+**Structure**
+
+- Place related bullets together; don’t mix unrelated concepts in the same section.
+- Order sections from general → specific → supporting info.
+- For subsections (e.g., “Binaries” under “Rust Workspace”), introduce with a bolded keyword bullet, then list items under it.
+- Match structure to complexity:
+  - Multi-part or detailed results → use clear headers and grouped bullets.
+  - Simple results → minimal headers, possibly just a short list or paragraph.
+
+**Tone**
+
+- Keep the voice collaborative and natural, like a coding partner handing off work.
+- Be concise and factual — no filler or conversational commentary and avoid unnecessary repetition
+- Use present tense and active voice (e.g., “Runs tests” not “This will run tests”).
+- Keep descriptions self-contained; don’t refer to “above” or “below”.
+- Use parallel structure in lists for consistency.
+
+**Verbosity**
+- Final answer compactness rules (enforced):
+  - Tiny/small single-file change (≤ ~10 lines): 2–5 sentences or ≤3 bullets. No headings. 0–1 short snippet (≤3 lines) only if essential.
+  - Medium change (single area or a few files): ≤6 bullets or 6–10 sentences. At most 1–2 short snippets total (≤8 lines each).
+  - Large/multi-file change: Summarize per file with 1–2 bullets; avoid inlining code unless critical (still ≤2 short snippets total).
+  - Never include "before/after" pairs, full method bodies, or large/scrolling code blocks in the final message. Prefer referencing file/symbol names instead.
+
+**Don’t**
+
+- Don’t use literal words “bold” or “monospace” in the content.
+- Don’t nest bullets or create deep hierarchies.
+- Don’t output ANSI escape codes directly — the CLI renderer applies them.
+- Don’t cram unrelated keywords into a single bullet; split for clarity.
+- Don’t let keyword lists run long — wrap or reformat for scanability.
+
+Generally, ensure your final answers adapt their shape and depth to the request. For example, answers to code explanations should have a precise, structured explanation with code references that answer the question directly. For tasks with a simple implementation, lead with the outcome and supplement only with what’s needed for clarity. Larger changes can be presented as a logical walkthrough of your approach, grouping related steps, explaining rationale where it adds value, and highlighting next actions to accelerate the user. Your answers should provide the right level of detail while being easily scannable.
+
+For casual greetings, acknowledgements, or other one-off conversational messages that are not delivering substantive information or structured results, respond naturally without section headers or bullet formatting.
+
+# Tool Guidelines
+
+## Shell commands
+
+When using the shell, you must adhere to the following guidelines:
+
+- The arguments to `shell` will be passed to execvp().
+- Always set the `workdir` param when using the shell function. Do not use `cd` unless absolutely necessary.
+- When searching for text or files, prefer using `rg` or `rg --files` respectively because `rg` is much faster than alternatives like `grep`. (If the `rg` command is not found, then use alternatives.)
+- Read files in chunks with a max chunk size of 250 lines. Do not use python scripts to attempt to output larger chunks of a file. Command line output will be truncated after 10 kilobytes or 256 lines of output, regardless of the command used.
+
+## apply_patch
+
+Use the `apply_patch` tool to edit files. Your patch language is a stripped‑down, file‑oriented diff format designed to be easy to parse and safe to apply. You can think of it as a high‑level envelope:
+
+*** Begin Patch
+[ one or more file sections ]
+*** End Patch
+
+Within that envelope, you get a sequence of file operations.
+You MUST include a header to specify the action you are taking.
+Each operation starts with one of three headers:
+
+*** Add File: <path> - create a new file. Every following line is a + line (the initial contents).
+*** Delete File: <path> - remove an existing file. Nothing follows.
+*** Update File: <path> - patch an existing file in place (optionally with a rename).
+
+Example patch:
+
+```
+*** Begin Patch
+*** Add File: hello.txt
++Hello world
+*** Update File: src/app.py
+*** Move to: src/main.py
+@@ def greet():
+-print("Hi")
++print("Hello, world!")
+*** Delete File: obsolete.txt
+*** End Patch
+```
+
+It is important to remember:
+
+- You must include a header with your intended action (Add/Delete/Update)
+- You must prefix new lines with `+` even when creating a new file
+
+## `update_plan`
+
+A tool named `update_plan` is available to you. You can use it to keep an up‑to‑date, step‑by‑step plan for the task.
+
+To create a new plan, call `update_plan` with a short list of 1‑sentence steps (no more than 5-7 words each) with a `status` for each step (`pending`, `in_progress`, or `completed`).
+
+When steps have been completed, use `update_plan` to mark each finished step as `completed` and the next step you are working on as `in_progress`. There should always be exactly one `in_progress` step until everything is done. You can mark multiple items as complete in a single `update_plan` call.
+
+If all steps are complete, ensure you call `update_plan` to mark all steps as `completed`.

internal/misc/codex_instructions/gpt_5_codex_prompt.md-007-8c75ed39d5bb94159d21072d7384765d94a9012b

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+You are Codex, based on GPT-5. You are running as a coding agent in the Codex CLI on a user's computer.
+
+## General
+
+- The arguments to `shell` will be passed to execvp(). Most terminal commands should be prefixed with ["bash", "-lc"].
+- Always set the `workdir` param when using the shell function. Do not use `cd` unless absolutely necessary.
+- When searching for text or files, prefer using `rg` or `rg --files` respectively because `rg` is much faster than alternatives like `grep`. (If the `rg` command is not found, then use alternatives.)
+
+## Editing constraints
+
+- Default to ASCII when editing or creating files. Only introduce non-ASCII or other Unicode characters when there is a clear justification and the file already uses them.
+- Add succinct code comments that explain what is going on if code is not self-explanatory. You should not add comments like "Assigns the value to the variable", but a brief comment might be useful ahead of a complex code block that the user would otherwise have to spend time parsing out. Usage of these comments should be rare.
+- Try to use apply_patch for single file edits, but it is fine to explore other options to make the edit if it does not work well. Do not use apply_patch for changes that are auto-generated (i.e. generating package.json or running a lint or format command like gofmt) or when scripting is more efficient (such as search and replacing a string across a codebase).
+- You may be in a dirty git worktree.
+    * NEVER revert existing changes you did not make unless explicitly requested, since these changes were made by the user.
+    * If asked to make a commit or code edits and there are unrelated changes to your work or changes that you didn't make in those files, don't revert those changes.
+    * If the changes are in files you've touched recently, you should read carefully and understand how you can work with the changes rather than reverting them.
+    * If the changes are in unrelated files, just ignore them and don't revert them.
+- Do not amend a commit unless explicitly requested to do so.
+- While you are working, you might notice unexpected changes that you didn't make. If this happens, STOP IMMEDIATELY and ask the user how they would like to proceed.
+- **NEVER** use destructive commands like `git reset --hard` or `git checkout --` unless specifically requested or approved by the user.
+
+## Plan tool
+
+When using the planning tool:
+- Skip using the planning tool for straightforward tasks (roughly the easiest 25%).
+- Do not make single-step plans.
+- When you made a plan, update it after having performed one of the sub-tasks that you shared on the plan.
+
+## Codex CLI harness, sandboxing, and approvals
+
+The Codex CLI harness supports several different configurations for sandboxing and escalation approvals that the user can choose from.
+
+Filesystem sandboxing defines which files can be read or written. The options for `sandbox_mode` are:
+- **read-only**: The sandbox only permits reading files.
+- **workspace-write**: The sandbox permits reading files, and editing files in `cwd` and `writable_roots`. Editing files in other directories requires approval.
+- **danger-full-access**: No filesystem sandboxing - all commands are permitted.
+
+Network sandboxing defines whether network can be accessed without approval. Options for `network_access` are:
+- **restricted**: Requires approval
+- **enabled**: No approval needed
+
+Approvals are your mechanism to get user consent to run shell commands without the sandbox. Possible configuration options for `approval_policy` are
+- **untrusted**: The harness will escalate most commands for user approval, apart from a limited allowlist of safe "read" commands.
+- **on-failure**: The harness will allow all commands to run in the sandbox (if enabled), and failures will be escalated to the user for approval to run again without the sandbox.
+- **on-request**: Commands will be run in the sandbox by default, and you can specify in your tool call if you want to escalate a command to run without sandboxing. (Note that this mode is not always available. If it is, you'll see parameters for it in the `shell` command description.)
+- **never**: This is a non-interactive mode where you may NEVER ask the user for approval to run commands. Instead, you must always persist and work around constraints to solve the task for the user. You MUST do your utmost best to finish the task and validate your work before yielding. If this mode is paired with `danger-full-access`, take advantage of it to deliver the best outcome for the user. Further, in this mode, your default testing philosophy is overridden: Even if you don't see local patterns for testing, you may add tests and scripts to validate your work. Just remove them before yielding.
+
+When you are running with `approval_policy == on-request`, and sandboxing enabled, here are scenarios where you'll need to request approval:
+- You need to run a command that writes to a directory that requires it (e.g. running tests that write to /var)
+- You need to run a GUI app (e.g., open/xdg-open/osascript) to open browsers or files.
+- You are running sandboxed and need to run a command that requires network access (e.g. installing packages)
+- If you run a command that is important to solving the user's query, but it fails because of sandboxing, rerun the command with approval. ALWAYS proceed to use the `with_escalated_permissions` and `justification` parameters - do not message the user before requesting approval for the command.
+- You are about to take a potentially destructive action such as an `rm` or `git reset` that the user did not explicitly ask for
+- (for all of these, you should weigh alternative paths that do not require approval)
+
+When `sandbox_mode` is set to read-only, you'll need to request approval for any command that isn't a read.
+
+You will be told what filesystem sandboxing, network sandboxing, and approval mode are active in a developer or user message. If you are not told about this, assume that you are running with workspace-write, network sandboxing enabled, and approval on-failure.
+
+Although they introduce friction to the user because your work is paused until the user responds, you should leverage them when necessary to accomplish important work. If the completing the task requires escalated permissions, Do not let these settings or the sandbox deter you from attempting to accomplish the user's task unless it is set to "never", in which case never ask for approvals.
+
+When requesting approval to execute a command that will require escalated privileges:
+  - Provide the `with_escalated_permissions` parameter with the boolean value true
+  - Include a short, 1 sentence explanation for why you need to enable `with_escalated_permissions` in the justification parameter
+
+## Special user requests
+
+- If the user makes a simple request (such as asking for the time) which you can fulfill by running a terminal command (such as `date`), you should do so.
+- If the user asks for a "review", default to a code review mindset: prioritise identifying bugs, risks, behavioural regressions, and missing tests. Findings must be the primary focus of the response - keep summaries or overviews brief and only after enumerating the issues. Present findings first (ordered by severity with file/line references), follow with open questions or assumptions, and offer a change-summary only as a secondary detail. If no findings are discovered, state that explicitly and mention any residual risks or testing gaps.
+
+## Presenting your work and final message
+
+You are producing plain text that will later be styled by the CLI. Follow these rules exactly. Formatting should make results easy to scan, but not feel mechanical. Use judgment to decide how much structure adds value.
+
+- Default: be very concise; friendly coding teammate tone.
+- Ask only when needed; suggest ideas; mirror the user's style.
+- For substantial work, summarize clearly; follow final‑answer formatting.
+- Skip heavy formatting for simple confirmations.
+- Don't dump large files you've written; reference paths only.
+- No "save/copy this file" - User is on the same machine.
+- Offer logical next steps (tests, commits, build) briefly; add verify steps if you couldn't do something.
+- For code changes:
+  * Lead with a quick explanation of the change, and then give more details on the context covering where and why a change was made. Do not start this explanation with "summary", just jump right in.
+  * If there are natural next steps the user may want to take, suggest them at the end of your response. Do not make suggestions if there are no natural next steps.
+  * When suggesting multiple options, use numeric lists for the suggestions so the user can quickly respond with a single number.
+- The user does not command execution outputs. When asked to show the output of a command (e.g. `git show`), relay the important details in your answer or summarize the key lines so the user understands the result.
+
+### Final answer structure and style guidelines
+
+- Plain text; CLI handles styling. Use structure only when it helps scanability.
+- Headers: optional; short Title Case (1-3 words) wrapped in **…**; no blank line before the first bullet; add only if they truly help.
+- Bullets: use - ; merge related points; keep to one line when possible; 4–6 per list ordered by importance; keep phrasing consistent.
+- Monospace: backticks for commands/paths/env vars/code ids and inline examples; use for literal keyword bullets; never combine with **.
+- Code samples or multi-line snippets should be wrapped in fenced code blocks; include an info string as often as possible.
+- Structure: group related bullets; order sections general → specific → supporting; for subsections, start with a bolded keyword bullet, then items; match complexity to the task.
+- Tone: collaborative, concise, factual; present tense, active voice; self‑contained; no "above/below"; parallel wording.
+- Don'ts: no nested bullets/hierarchies; no ANSI codes; don't cram unrelated keywords; keep keyword lists short—wrap/reformat if long; avoid naming formatting styles in answers.
+- Adaptation: code explanations → precise, structured with code refs; simple tasks → lead with outcome; big changes → logical walkthrough + rationale + next actions; casual one-offs → plain sentences, no headers/bullets.
+- File References: When referencing files in your response, make sure to include the relevant start line and always follow the below rules:
+  * Use inline code to make file paths clickable.
+  * Each reference should have a stand alone path. Even if it's the same file.
+  * Accepted: absolute, workspace‑relative, a/ or b/ diff prefixes, or bare filename/suffix.
+  * Line/column (1‑based, optional): :line[:column] or #Lline[Ccolumn] (column defaults to 1).
+  * Do not use URIs like file://, vscode://, or https://.
+  * Do not provide range of lines
+  * Examples: src/app.ts, src/app.ts:42, b/server/index.js#L10, C:\repo\project\main.rs:12:5

internal/misc/codex_instructions/review_prompt.md-002-f842849bec97326ad6fb40e9955b6ba9f0f3fc0d

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Review guidelines:
+
+You are acting as a reviewer for a proposed code change made by another engineer.
+
+Below are some default guidelines for determining whether the original author would appreciate the issue being flagged.
+
+These are not the final word in determining whether an issue is a bug. In many cases, you will encounter other, more specific guidelines. These may be present elsewhere in a developer message, a user message, a file, or even elsewhere in this system message.
+Those guidelines should be considered to override these general instructions.
+
+Here are the general guidelines for determining whether something is a bug and should be flagged.
+
+1. It meaningfully impacts the accuracy, performance, security, or maintainability of the code.
+2. The bug is discrete and actionable (i.e. not a general issue with the codebase or a combination of multiple issues).
+3. Fixing the bug does not demand a level of rigor that is not present in the rest of the codebase (e.g. one doesn't need very detailed comments and input validation in a repository of one-off scripts in personal projects)
+4. The bug was introduced in the commit (pre-existing bugs should not be flagged).
+5. The author of the original PR would likely fix the issue if they were made aware of it.
+6. The bug does not rely on unstated assumptions about the codebase or author's intent.
+7. It is not enough to speculate that a change may disrupt another part of the codebase, to be considered a bug, one must identify the other parts of the code that are provably affected.
+8. The bug is clearly not just an intentional change by the original author.
+
+When flagging a bug, you will also provide an accompanying comment. Once again, these guidelines are not the final word on how to construct a comment -- defer to any subsequent guidelines that you encounter.
+
+1. The comment should be clear about why the issue is a bug.
+2. The comment should appropriately communicate the severity of the issue. It should not claim that an issue is more severe than it actually is.
+3. The comment should be brief. The body should be at most 1 paragraph. It should not introduce line breaks within the natural language flow unless it is necessary for the code fragment.
+4. The comment should not include any chunks of code longer than 3 lines. Any code chunks should be wrapped in markdown inline code tags or a code block.
+5. The comment should clearly and explicitly communicate the scenarios, environments, or inputs that are necessary for the bug to arise. The comment should immediately indicate that the issue's severity depends on these factors.
+6. The comment's tone should be matter-of-fact and not accusatory or overly positive. It should read as a helpful AI assistant suggestion without sounding too much like a human reviewer.
+7. The comment should be written such that the original author can immediately grasp the idea without close reading.
+8. The comment should avoid excessive flattery and comments that are not helpful to the original author. The comment should avoid phrasing like "Great job ...", "Thanks for ...".
+
+Below are some more detailed guidelines that you should apply to this specific review.
+
+HOW MANY FINDINGS TO RETURN:
+
+Output all findings that the original author would fix if they knew about it. If there is no finding that a person would definitely love to see and fix, prefer outputting no findings. Do not stop at the first qualifying finding. Continue until you've listed every qualifying finding.
+
+GUIDELINES:
+
+- Ignore trivial style unless it obscures meaning or violates documented standards.
+- Use one comment per distinct issue (or a multi-line range if necessary).
+- Use ```suggestion blocks ONLY for concrete replacement code (minimal lines; no commentary inside the block).
+- In every ```suggestion block, preserve the exact leading whitespace of the replaced lines (spaces vs tabs, number of spaces).
+- Do NOT introduce or remove outer indentation levels unless that is the actual fix.
+
+The comments will be presented in the code review as inline comments. You should avoid providing unnecessary location details in the comment body. Always keep the line range as short as possible for interpreting the issue. Avoid ranges longer than 5–10 lines; instead, choose the most suitable subrange that pinpoints the problem.
+
+At the beginning of the finding title, tag the bug with priority level. For example "[P1] Un-padding slices along wrong tensor dimensions". [P0] – Drop everything to fix.  Blocking release, operations, or major usage. Only use for universal issues that do not depend on any assumptions about the inputs. · [P1] – Urgent. Should be addressed in the next cycle · [P2] – Normal. To be fixed eventually · [P3] – Low. Nice to have.
+
+Additionally, include a numeric priority field in the JSON output for each finding: set "priority" to 0 for P0, 1 for P1, 2 for P2, or 3 for P3. If a priority cannot be determined, omit the field or use null.
+
+At the end of your findings, output an "overall correctness" verdict of whether or not the patch should be considered "correct".
+Correct implies that existing code and tests will not break, and the patch is free of bugs and other blocking issues.
+Ignore non-blocking issues such as style, formatting, typos, documentation, and other nits.
+
+FORMATTING GUIDELINES:
+The finding description should be one paragraph.
+
+OUTPUT FORMAT:
+
+## Output schema  — MUST MATCH *exactly*
+
+```json
+{
+  "findings": [
+    {
+      "title": "<≤ 80 chars, imperative>",
+      "body": "<valid Markdown explaining *why* this is a problem; cite files/lines/functions>",
+      "confidence_score": <float 0.0-1.0>,
+      "priority": <int 0-3, optional>,
+      "code_location": {
+        "absolute_file_path": "<file path>",
+        "line_range": {"start": <int>, "end": <int>}
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "overall_correctness": "patch is correct" | "patch is incorrect",
+  "overall_explanation": "<1-3 sentence explanation justifying the overall_correctness verdict>",
+  "overall_confidence_score": <float 0.0-1.0>
+}
+```
+
+* **Do not** wrap the JSON in markdown fences or extra prose.
+* The code_location field is required and must include absolute_file_path and line_range.
+* Line ranges must be as short as possible for interpreting the issue (avoid ranges over 5–10 lines; pick the most suitable subrange).
+* The code_location should overlap with the diff.
+* Do not generate a PR fix.

internal/registry/model_definitions.go

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 // when registering their supported models.
 package registry
 
-import "time"
-
 // GetClaudeModels returns the standard Claude model definitions
 func GetClaudeModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	return []*ModelInfo{
@@ -68,28 +66,13 @@ func GetClaudeModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	}
 }
 
-// GeminiModels returns the shared base Gemini model set used by multiple providers.
-func GeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
+// GetGeminiModels returns the standard Gemini model definitions
+func GetGeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	return []*ModelInfo{
-		{
-			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash",
-			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-			OwnedBy:                    "google",
-			Type:                       "gemini",
-			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash",
-			Version:                    "001",
-			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash",
-			Description:                "Stable version of Gemini 2.5 Flash, our mid-size multimodal model that supports up to 1 million tokens, released in June of 2025.",
-			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
-			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
-		},
 		{
 			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-pro",
 			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:                    1750118400,
 			OwnedBy:                    "google",
 			Type:                       "gemini",
 			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-pro",
@@ -101,10 +84,25 @@ func GeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
 			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Version:                    "001",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash",
+			Description:                "Stable version of Gemini 2.5 Flash, our mid-size multimodal model that supports up to 1 million tokens, released in June of 2025.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
 			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:                    1753142400,
 			OwnedBy:                    "google",
 			Type:                       "gemini",
 			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
@@ -114,100 +112,310 @@ func GeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
 			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
 			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 512, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1737158400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.0",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
 		},
 	}
 }
 
-// GetGeminiModels returns the standard Gemini model definitions
-func GetGeminiModels() []*ModelInfo { return GeminiModels() }
+func GetGeminiVertexModels() []*ModelInfo {
+	return []*ModelInfo{
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-pro",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-pro",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Pro",
+			Description:                "Stable release (June 17th, 2025) of Gemini 2.5 Pro",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Version:                    "001",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash",
+			Description:                "Stable version of Gemini 2.5 Flash, our mid-size multimodal model that supports up to 1 million tokens, released in June of 2025.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1753142400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite",
+			Description:                "Our smallest and most cost effective model, built for at scale usage.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1737158400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.0",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3-pro-image-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1737158400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3-pro-image-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.0",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3 Pro Image Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3 Pro Image Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+		},
+	}
+}
 
 // GetGeminiCLIModels returns the standard Gemini model definitions
-func GetGeminiCLIModels() []*ModelInfo { return GeminiModels() }
+func GetGeminiCLIModels() []*ModelInfo {
+	return []*ModelInfo{
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-pro",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-pro",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Pro",
+			Description:                "Stable release (June 17th, 2025) of Gemini 2.5 Pro",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Version:                    "001",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash",
+			Description:                "Stable version of Gemini 2.5 Flash, our mid-size multimodal model that supports up to 1 million tokens, released in June of 2025.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1753142400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite",
+			Description:                "Our smallest and most cost effective model, built for at scale usage.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1737158400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.0",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+	}
+}
 
 // GetAIStudioModels returns the Gemini model definitions for AI Studio integrations
 func GetAIStudioModels() []*ModelInfo {
-	base := GeminiModels()
-
-	return append(base,
-		[]*ModelInfo{
-			{
-				ID:                         "gemini-pro-latest",
-				Object:                     "model",
-				Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-				OwnedBy:                    "google",
-				Type:                       "gemini",
-				Name:                       "models/gemini-pro-latest",
-				Version:                    "2.5",
-				DisplayName:                "Gemini Pro Latest",
-				Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Pro",
-				InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-				OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
-				SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-				Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
-			},
-			{
-				ID:                         "gemini-flash-latest",
-				Object:                     "model",
-				Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-				OwnedBy:                    "google",
-				Type:                       "gemini",
-				Name:                       "models/gemini-flash-latest",
-				Version:                    "2.5",
-				DisplayName:                "Gemini Flash Latest",
-				Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Flash",
-				InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-				OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
-				SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-				Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
-			},
-			{
-				ID:                         "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
-				Object:                     "model",
-				Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-				OwnedBy:                    "google",
-				Type:                       "gemini",
-				Name:                       "models/gemini-flash-lite-latest",
-				Version:                    "2.5",
-				DisplayName:                "Gemini Flash-Lite Latest",
-				Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Flash-Lite",
-				InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-				OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
-				SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-				Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 512, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
-			},
-			{
-				ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview",
-				Object:                     "model",
-				Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-				OwnedBy:                    "google",
-				Type:                       "gemini",
-				Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview",
-				Version:                    "2.5",
-				DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Image Preview",
-				Description:                "State-of-the-art image generation and editing model.",
-				InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-				OutputTokenLimit:           8192,
-				SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-				// image models don't support thinkingConfig; leave Thinking nil
-			},
-			{
-				ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-image",
-				Object:                     "model",
-				Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-				OwnedBy:                    "google",
-				Type:                       "gemini",
-				Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-image",
-				Version:                    "2.5",
-				DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Image",
-				Description:                "State-of-the-art image generation and editing model.",
-				InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-				OutputTokenLimit:           8192,
-				SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-				// image models don't support thinkingConfig; leave Thinking nil
-			},
-		}...,
-	)
+	return []*ModelInfo{
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-pro",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-pro",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Pro",
+			Description:                "Stable release (June 17th, 2025) of Gemini 2.5 Pro",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash",
+			Version:                    "001",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash",
+			Description:                "Stable version of Gemini 2.5 Flash, our mid-size multimodal model that supports up to 1 million tokens, released in June of 2025.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1753142400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite",
+			Description:                "Our smallest and most cost effective model, built for at scale usage.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1737158400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.0",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-pro-latest",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-pro-latest",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini Pro Latest",
+			Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Pro",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-flash-latest",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1750118400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-flash-latest",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini Flash Latest",
+			Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Flash",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1753142400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-flash-lite-latest",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini Flash-Lite Latest",
+			Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Flash-Lite",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 512, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1756166400,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Image Preview",
+			Description:                "State-of-the-art image generation and editing model.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           8192,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			// image models don't support thinkingConfig; leave Thinking nil
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-image",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1759363200,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-image",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Image",
+			Description:                "State-of-the-art image generation and editing model.",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           8192,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			// image models don't support thinkingConfig; leave Thinking nil
+		},
+	}
 }
 
 // GetOpenAIModels returns the standard OpenAI model definitions
@@ -216,7 +424,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1754524800,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-08-07",
@@ -229,7 +437,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-minimal",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1754524800,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-08-07",
@@ -242,7 +450,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-low",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1754524800,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-08-07",
@@ -255,7 +463,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-medium",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1754524800,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-08-07",
@@ -268,7 +476,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-high",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1754524800,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-08-07",
@@ -281,7 +489,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1757894400,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-09-15",
@@ -294,7 +502,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex-low",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1757894400,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-09-15",
@@ -307,7 +515,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex-medium",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1757894400,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-09-15",
@@ -320,7 +528,7 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex-high",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1757894400,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
 			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-09-15",
@@ -331,17 +539,265 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
 		},
 		{
-			ID:                  "codex-mini-latest",
+			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex-mini",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1762473600,
 			OwnedBy:             "openai",
 			Type:                "openai",
-			Version:             "1.0",
-			DisplayName:         "Codex Mini",
-			Description:         "Lightweight code generation model",
-			ContextLength:       4096,
-			MaxCompletionTokens: 2048,
-			SupportedParameters: []string{"temperature", "max_tokens", "stream", "stop"},
+			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-11-07",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Mini",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Mini: cheaper, faster, but less capable version of GPT 5 Codex.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex-mini-medium",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762473600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-11-07",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Mini Medium",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Mini: cheaper, faster, but less capable version of GPT 5 Codex.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex-mini-high",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762473600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5-2025-11-07",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Mini High",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Mini: cheaper, faster, but less capable version of GPT 5 Codex.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-none",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Low",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-low",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Low",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-medium",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Medium",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-high",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 High",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-low",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Low",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-medium",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Medium",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-high",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex High",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex, The best model for coding and agentic tasks across domains.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-mini",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Mini",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Mini: cheaper, faster, but less capable version of GPT 5 Codex.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-mini-medium",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Mini Medium",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Mini: cheaper, faster, but less capable version of GPT 5 Codex.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-mini-high",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1762905600,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-2025-11-12",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Mini High",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Mini: cheaper, faster, but less capable version of GPT 5 Codex.",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-max",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1763424000,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-max",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Max",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Max",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-max-low",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1763424000,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-max",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Max Low",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Max Low",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-max-medium",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1763424000,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-max",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Max Medium",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Max Medium",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-max-high",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1763424000,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-max",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Max High",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Max High",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-max-xhigh",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1763424000,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.1-max",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5 Codex Max XHigh",
+			Description:         "Stable version of GPT 5 Codex Max XHigh",
+			ContextLength:       400000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
 		},
 	}
 }
@@ -352,7 +808,7 @@ func GetQwenModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "qwen3-coder-plus",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1753228800,
 			OwnedBy:             "qwen",
 			Type:                "qwen",
 			Version:             "3.0",
@@ -365,7 +821,7 @@ func GetQwenModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "qwen3-coder-flash",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1753228800,
 			OwnedBy:             "qwen",
 			Type:                "qwen",
 			Version:             "3.0",
@@ -378,7 +834,7 @@ func GetQwenModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{
 			ID:                  "vision-model",
 			Object:              "model",
-			Created:             time.Now().Unix(),
+			Created:             1758672000,
 			OwnedBy:             "qwen",
 			Type:                "qwen",
 			Version:             "3.0",
@@ -394,36 +850,38 @@ func GetQwenModels() []*ModelInfo {
 // GetIFlowModels returns supported models for iFlow OAuth accounts.
 
 func GetIFlowModels() []*ModelInfo {
-	created := time.Now().Unix()
 	entries := []struct {
 		ID          string
 		DisplayName string
 		Description string
+		Created     int64
 	}{
-		{ID: "tstars2.0", DisplayName: "TStars-2.0", Description: "iFlow TStars-2.0 multimodal assistant"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-coder-plus", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Coder-Plus", Description: "Qwen3 Coder Plus code generation"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-coder", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B", Description: "Qwen3 Coder 480B A35B"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-max", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Max", Description: "Qwen3 flagship model"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-vl-plus", DisplayName: "Qwen3-VL-Plus", Description: "Qwen3 multimodal vision-language"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-max-preview", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Max-Preview", Description: "Qwen3 Max preview build"},
-		{ID: "kimi-k2-0905", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2-Instruct-0905", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 instruct 0905"},
-		{ID: "glm-4.6", DisplayName: "GLM-4.6", Description: "Zhipu GLM 4.6 general model"},
-		{ID: "kimi-k2", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 general model"},
-		{ID: "deepseek-v3.2", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp", Description: "DeepSeek V3.2 experimental"},
-		{ID: "deepseek-v3.1", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.1-Terminus", Description: "DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus"},
-		{ID: "deepseek-r1", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-R1", Description: "DeepSeek reasoning model R1"},
-		{ID: "deepseek-v3", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3-671B", Description: "DeepSeek V3 671B"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-32b", DisplayName: "Qwen3-32B", Description: "Qwen3 32B"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-235b-a22b-thinking-2507", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking (2507)"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-235b-a22b-instruct", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct"},
-		{ID: "qwen3-235b", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B"},
+		{ID: "tstars2.0", DisplayName: "TStars-2.0", Description: "iFlow TStars-2.0 multimodal assistant", Created: 1746489600},
+		{ID: "qwen3-coder-plus", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Coder-Plus", Description: "Qwen3 Coder Plus code generation", Created: 1753228800},
+		{ID: "qwen3-coder", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B", Description: "Qwen3 Coder 480B A35B", Created: 1753228800},
+		{ID: "qwen3-max", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Max", Description: "Qwen3 flagship model", Created: 1758672000},
+		{ID: "qwen3-vl-plus", DisplayName: "Qwen3-VL-Plus", Description: "Qwen3 multimodal vision-language", Created: 1758672000},
+		{ID: "qwen3-max-preview", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Max-Preview", Description: "Qwen3 Max preview build", Created: 1757030400},
+		{ID: "kimi-k2-0905", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2-Instruct-0905", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 instruct 0905", Created: 1757030400},
+		{ID: "glm-4.6", DisplayName: "GLM-4.6", Description: "Zhipu GLM 4.6 general model", Created: 1759190400},
+		{ID: "kimi-k2", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 general model", Created: 1752192000},
+		{ID: "kimi-k2-thinking", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2-Thinking", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 general model", Created: 1762387200},
+		{ID: "deepseek-v3.2", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp", Description: "DeepSeek V3.2 experimental", Created: 1759104000},
+		{ID: "deepseek-v3.1", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.1-Terminus", Description: "DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus", Created: 1756339200},
+		{ID: "deepseek-r1", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-R1", Description: "DeepSeek reasoning model R1", Created: 1737331200},
+		{ID: "deepseek-v3", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3-671B", Description: "DeepSeek V3 671B", Created: 1734307200},
+		{ID: "qwen3-32b", DisplayName: "Qwen3-32B", Description: "Qwen3 32B", Created: 1747094400},
+		{ID: "qwen3-235b-a22b-thinking-2507", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking (2507)", Created: 1753401600},
+		{ID: "qwen3-235b-a22b-instruct", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct", Created: 1753401600},
+		{ID: "qwen3-235b", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B", Created: 1753401600},
+		{ID: "minimax-m2", DisplayName: "MiniMax-M2", Description: "MiniMax M2", Created: 1758672000},
 	}
 	models := make([]*ModelInfo, 0, len(entries))
 	for _, entry := range entries {
 		models = append(models, &ModelInfo{
 			ID:          entry.ID,
 			Object:      "model",
-			Created:     created,
+			Created:     entry.Created,
 			OwnedBy:     "iflow",
 			Type:        "iflow",
 			DisplayName: entry.DisplayName,

internal/registry/model_registry.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package registry
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -800,6 +801,9 @@ func (r *ModelRegistry) convertModelToMap(model *ModelInfo, handlerType string)
 		if model.Type != "" {
 			result["type"] = model.Type
 		}
+		if model.Created != 0 {
+			result["created"] = model.Created
+		}
 		return result
 	}
 }
@@ -821,3 +825,47 @@ func (r *ModelRegistry) CleanupExpiredQuotas() {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+
+// GetFirstAvailableModel returns the first available model for the given handler type.
+// It prioritizes models by their creation timestamp (newest first) and checks if they have
+// available clients that are not suspended or over quota.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - handlerType: The API handler type (e.g., "openai", "claude", "gemini")
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - string: The model ID of the first available model, or empty string if none available
+//   - error: An error if no models are available
+func (r *ModelRegistry) GetFirstAvailableModel(handlerType string) (string, error) {
+	r.mutex.RLock()
+	defer r.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	// Get all available models for this handler type
+	models := r.GetAvailableModels(handlerType)
+	if len(models) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no models available for handler type: %s", handlerType)
+	}
+
+	// Sort models by creation timestamp (newest first)
+	sort.Slice(models, func(i, j int) bool {
+		// Extract created timestamps from map
+		createdI, okI := models[i]["created"].(int64)
+		createdJ, okJ := models[j]["created"].(int64)
+		if !okI || !okJ {
+			return false
+		}
+		return createdI > createdJ
+	})
+
+	// Find the first model with available clients
+	for _, model := range models {
+		if modelID, ok := model["id"].(string); ok {
+			if count := r.GetModelCount(modelID); count > 0 {
+				return modelID, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no available clients for any model in handler type: %s", handlerType)
+}

internal/runtime/executor/aistudio_executor.go

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (e *AIStudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth
 			case wsrelay.MessageTypeStreamChunk:
 				if len(event.Payload) > 0 {
 					appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, bytes.Clone(event.Payload))
-					filtered := filterAIStudioUsageMetadata(event.Payload)
+					filtered := FilterSSEUsageMetadata(event.Payload)
 					if detail, ok := parseGeminiStreamUsage(filtered); ok {
 						reporter.publish(ctx, detail)
 					}
@@ -264,8 +264,10 @@ func (e *AIStudioExecutor) translateRequest(req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts c
 		}
 		payload = util.ApplyGeminiThinkingConfig(payload, budgetOverride, includeOverride)
 	}
+	payload = util.ConvertThinkingLevelToBudget(payload)
 	payload = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, payload)
 	payload = fixGeminiImageAspectRatio(req.Model, payload)
+	payload = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, payload)
 	metadataAction := "generateContent"
 	if req.Metadata != nil {
 		if action, _ := req.Metadata["action"].(string); action == "countTokens" {
@@ -294,65 +296,6 @@ func (e *AIStudioExecutor) buildEndpoint(model, action, alt string) string {
 	return base
 }
 
-// filterAIStudioUsageMetadata removes usageMetadata from intermediate SSE events so that
-// only the terminal chunk retains token statistics.
-func filterAIStudioUsageMetadata(payload []byte) []byte {
-	if len(payload) == 0 {
-		return payload
-	}
-
-	lines := bytes.Split(payload, []byte("\n"))
-	modified := false
-	for idx, line := range lines {
-		trimmed := bytes.TrimSpace(line)
-		if len(trimmed) == 0 || !bytes.HasPrefix(trimmed, []byte("data:")) {
-			continue
-		}
-		dataIdx := bytes.Index(line, []byte("data:"))
-		if dataIdx < 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-		rawJSON := bytes.TrimSpace(line[dataIdx+5:])
-		cleaned, changed := stripUsageMetadataFromJSON(rawJSON)
-		if !changed {
-			continue
-		}
-		var rebuilt []byte
-		rebuilt = append(rebuilt, line[:dataIdx]...)
-		rebuilt = append(rebuilt, []byte("data:")...)
-		if len(cleaned) > 0 {
-			rebuilt = append(rebuilt, ' ')
-			rebuilt = append(rebuilt, cleaned...)
-		}
-		lines[idx] = rebuilt
-		modified = true
-	}
-	if !modified {
-		return payload
-	}
-	return bytes.Join(lines, []byte("\n"))
-}
-
-// stripUsageMetadataFromJSON drops usageMetadata when no finishReason is present.
-func stripUsageMetadataFromJSON(rawJSON []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
-	jsonBytes := bytes.TrimSpace(rawJSON)
-	if len(jsonBytes) == 0 || !gjson.ValidBytes(jsonBytes) {
-		return rawJSON, false
-	}
-	finishReason := gjson.GetBytes(jsonBytes, "candidates.0.finishReason")
-	if finishReason.Exists() && finishReason.String() != "" {
-		return rawJSON, false
-	}
-	if !gjson.GetBytes(jsonBytes, "usageMetadata").Exists() {
-		return rawJSON, false
-	}
-	cleaned, err := sjson.DeleteBytes(jsonBytes, "usageMetadata")
-	if err != nil {
-		return rawJSON, false
-	}
-	return cleaned, true
-}
-
 // ensureColonSpacedJSON normalizes JSON objects so that colons are followed by a single space while
 // keeping the payload otherwise compact. Non-JSON inputs are returned unchanged.
 func ensureColonSpacedJSON(payload []byte) []byte {

internal/runtime/executor/antigravity_executor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/registry"
+	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
+	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
+)
+
+const (
+	antigravityBaseURL          = "https://daily-cloudcode-pa.sandbox.googleapis.com"
+	antigravityStreamPath       = "/v1internal:streamGenerateContent"
+	antigravityGeneratePath     = "/v1internal:generateContent"
+	antigravityModelsPath       = "/v1internal:fetchAvailableModels"
+	antigravityClientID         = "1071006060591-tmhssin2h21lcre235vtolojh4g403ep.apps.googleusercontent.com"
+	antigravityClientSecret     = "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"
+	defaultAntigravityAgent     = "antigravity/1.11.3 windows/amd64"
+	antigravityAuthType         = "antigravity"
+	refreshSkew                 = 5 * time.Minute
+	streamScannerBuffer     int = 20_971_520
+)
+
+var randSource = rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
+
+// AntigravityExecutor proxies requests to the antigravity upstream.
+type AntigravityExecutor struct {
+	cfg *config.Config
+}
+
+// NewAntigravityExecutor constructs a new executor instance.
+func NewAntigravityExecutor(cfg *config.Config) *AntigravityExecutor {
+	return &AntigravityExecutor{cfg: cfg}
+}
+
+// Identifier implements ProviderExecutor.
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) Identifier() string { return antigravityAuthType }
+
+// PrepareRequest implements ProviderExecutor.
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) PrepareRequest(_ *http.Request, _ *cliproxyauth.Auth) error { return nil }
+
+// Execute handles non-streaming requests via the antigravity generate endpoint.
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (resp cliproxyexecutor.Response, err error) {
+	token, updatedAuth, errToken := e.ensureAccessToken(ctx, auth)
+	if errToken != nil {
+		return resp, errToken
+	}
+	if updatedAuth != nil {
+		auth = updatedAuth
+	}
+
+	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), req.Model, auth)
+	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
+
+	from := opts.SourceFormat
+	to := sdktranslator.FromString("gemini-cli")
+	translated := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), false)
+
+	httpReq, errReq := e.buildRequest(ctx, auth, token, req.Model, translated, false, opts.Alt)
+	if errReq != nil {
+		return resp, errReq
+	}
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errDo)
+		return resp, errDo
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("antigravity executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	recordAPIResponseMetadata(ctx, e.cfg, httpResp.StatusCode, httpResp.Header.Clone())
+	bodyBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+	if errRead != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errRead)
+		return resp, errRead
+	}
+	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, bodyBytes)
+
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || httpResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		log.Debugf("antigravity executor: upstream error status: %d, body: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), bodyBytes))
+		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(bodyBytes)}
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	var param any
+	converted := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), translated, bodyBytes, &param)
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(converted)}
+	reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// ExecuteStream handles streaming requests via the antigravity upstream.
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, "alt", "")
+
+	token, updatedAuth, errToken := e.ensureAccessToken(ctx, auth)
+	if errToken != nil {
+		return nil, errToken
+	}
+	if updatedAuth != nil {
+		auth = updatedAuth
+	}
+
+	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), req.Model, auth)
+	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
+
+	from := opts.SourceFormat
+	to := sdktranslator.FromString("gemini-cli")
+	translated := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), true)
+
+	httpReq, errReq := e.buildRequest(ctx, auth, token, req.Model, translated, true, opts.Alt)
+	if errReq != nil {
+		return nil, errReq
+	}
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errDo)
+		return nil, errDo
+	}
+	recordAPIResponseMetadata(ctx, e.cfg, httpResp.StatusCode, httpResp.Header.Clone())
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || httpResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, bodyBytes)
+		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("antigravity executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(bodyBytes)}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
+	stream = out
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		defer func() {
+			if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+				log.Errorf("antigravity executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+			}
+		}()
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, streamScannerBuffer)
+		var param any
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Bytes()
+			appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, line)
+
+			// Filter usage metadata for all models
+			// Only retain usage statistics in the terminal chunk
+			line = FilterSSEUsageMetadata(line)
+
+			chunks := sdktranslator.TranslateStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), translated, bytes.Clone(line), &param)
+			for i := range chunks {
+				out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte(chunks[i])}
+			}
+		}
+		tail := sdktranslator.TranslateStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), translated, []byte("[DONE]"), &param)
+		for i := range tail {
+			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte(tail[i])}
+		}
+		if errScan := scanner.Err(); errScan != nil {
+			recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errScan)
+			reporter.publishFailure(ctx)
+			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
+		} else {
+			reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
+		}
+	}()
+	return stream, nil
+}
+
+// Refresh refreshes the OAuth token using the refresh token.
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return auth, nil
+	}
+	updated, errRefresh := e.refreshToken(ctx, auth.Clone())
+	if errRefresh != nil {
+		return nil, errRefresh
+	}
+	return updated, nil
+}
+
+// CountTokens is not supported for the antigravity provider.
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) CountTokens(context.Context, *cliproxyauth.Auth, cliproxyexecutor.Request, cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "count tokens not supported"}
+}
+
+// FetchAntigravityModels retrieves available models using the supplied auth.
+func FetchAntigravityModels(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cfg *config.Config) []*registry.ModelInfo {
+	exec := &AntigravityExecutor{cfg: cfg}
+	token, updatedAuth, errToken := exec.ensureAccessToken(ctx, auth)
+	if errToken != nil || token == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if updatedAuth != nil {
+		auth = updatedAuth
+	}
+
+	modelsURL := buildBaseURL(auth) + antigravityModelsPath
+	httpReq, errReq := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, modelsURL, bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{}`)))
+	if errReq != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", resolveUserAgent(auth))
+	if host := resolveHost(auth); host != "" {
+		httpReq.Host = host
+	}
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("antigravity executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	bodyBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+	if errRead != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || httpResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	result := gjson.GetBytes(bodyBytes, "models")
+	if !result.Exists() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	models := make([]*registry.ModelInfo, 0, len(result.Map()))
+	for id := range result.Map() {
+		models = append(models, &registry.ModelInfo{
+			ID:      id,
+			Object:  "model",
+			Created: now,
+			OwnedBy: antigravityAuthType,
+			Type:    antigravityAuthType,
+		})
+	}
+	return models
+}
+
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) ensureAccessToken(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (string, *cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return "", nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing auth"}
+	}
+	accessToken := metaStringValue(auth.Metadata, "access_token")
+	expiry := tokenExpiry(auth.Metadata)
+	if accessToken != "" && expiry.After(time.Now().Add(refreshSkew)) {
+		return accessToken, nil, nil
+	}
+	updated, errRefresh := e.refreshToken(ctx, auth.Clone())
+	if errRefresh != nil {
+		return "", nil, errRefresh
+	}
+	return metaStringValue(updated.Metadata, "access_token"), updated, nil
+}
+
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) refreshToken(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing auth"}
+	}
+	refreshToken := metaStringValue(auth.Metadata, "refresh_token")
+	if refreshToken == "" {
+		return auth, statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing refresh token"}
+	}
+
+	form := url.Values{}
+	form.Set("client_id", antigravityClientID)
+	form.Set("client_secret", antigravityClientSecret)
+	form.Set("grant_type", "refresh_token")
+	form.Set("refresh_token", refreshToken)
+
+	httpReq, errReq := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token", strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
+	if errReq != nil {
+		return auth, errReq
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Host", "oauth2.googleapis.com")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", defaultAntigravityAgent)
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		return auth, errDo
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("antigravity executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	bodyBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+	if errRead != nil {
+		return auth, errRead
+	}
+
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || httpResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		return auth, statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(bodyBytes)}
+	}
+
+	var tokenResp struct {
+		AccessToken  string `json:"access_token"`
+		RefreshToken string `json:"refresh_token"`
+		ExpiresIn    int64  `json:"expires_in"`
+		TokenType    string `json:"token_type"`
+	}
+	if errUnmarshal := json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &tokenResp); errUnmarshal != nil {
+		return auth, errUnmarshal
+	}
+
+	if auth.Metadata == nil {
+		auth.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+	auth.Metadata["access_token"] = tokenResp.AccessToken
+	if tokenResp.RefreshToken != "" {
+		auth.Metadata["refresh_token"] = tokenResp.RefreshToken
+	}
+	auth.Metadata["expires_in"] = tokenResp.ExpiresIn
+	auth.Metadata["timestamp"] = time.Now().UnixMilli()
+	auth.Metadata["expired"] = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(tokenResp.ExpiresIn) * time.Second).Format(time.RFC3339)
+	auth.Metadata["type"] = antigravityAuthType
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) buildRequest(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, token, modelName string, payload []byte, stream bool, alt string) (*http.Request, error) {
+	if token == "" {
+		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing access token"}
+	}
+
+	base := buildBaseURL(auth)
+	path := antigravityGeneratePath
+	if stream {
+		path = antigravityStreamPath
+	}
+	var requestURL strings.Builder
+	requestURL.WriteString(base)
+	requestURL.WriteString(path)
+	if stream {
+		if alt != "" {
+			requestURL.WriteString("?$alt=")
+			requestURL.WriteString(url.QueryEscape(alt))
+		} else {
+			requestURL.WriteString("?alt=sse")
+		}
+	} else if alt != "" {
+		requestURL.WriteString("?$alt=")
+		requestURL.WriteString(url.QueryEscape(alt))
+	}
+
+	payload = geminiToAntigravity(modelName, payload)
+	httpReq, errReq := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, requestURL.String(), bytes.NewReader(payload))
+	if errReq != nil {
+		return nil, errReq
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", resolveUserAgent(auth))
+	if stream {
+		httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
+	} else {
+		httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	}
+	if host := resolveHost(auth); host != "" {
+		httpReq.Host = host
+	}
+
+	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+		authLabel = auth.Label
+		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
+	}
+	recordAPIRequest(ctx, e.cfg, upstreamRequestLog{
+		URL:       requestURL.String(),
+		Method:    http.MethodPost,
+		Headers:   httpReq.Header.Clone(),
+		Body:      payload,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
+		AuthID:    authID,
+		AuthLabel: authLabel,
+		AuthType:  authType,
+		AuthValue: authValue,
+	})
+
+	return httpReq, nil
+}
+
+func tokenExpiry(metadata map[string]any) time.Time {
+	if metadata == nil {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	if expStr, ok := metadata["expired"].(string); ok {
+		expStr = strings.TrimSpace(expStr)
+		if expStr != "" {
+			if parsed, errParse := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, expStr); errParse == nil {
+				return parsed
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	expiresIn, hasExpires := int64Value(metadata["expires_in"])
+	tsMs, hasTimestamp := int64Value(metadata["timestamp"])
+	if hasExpires && hasTimestamp {
+		return time.Unix(0, tsMs*int64(time.Millisecond)).Add(time.Duration(expiresIn) * time.Second)
+	}
+	return time.Time{}
+}
+
+func metaStringValue(metadata map[string]any, key string) string {
+	if metadata == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if v, ok := metadata[key]; ok {
+		switch typed := v.(type) {
+		case string:
+			return strings.TrimSpace(typed)
+		case []byte:
+			return strings.TrimSpace(string(typed))
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func int64Value(value any) (int64, bool) {
+	switch typed := value.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return int64(typed), true
+	case int64:
+		return typed, true
+	case float64:
+		return int64(typed), true
+	case json.Number:
+		if i, errParse := typed.Int64(); errParse == nil {
+			return i, true
+		}
+	case string:
+		if strings.TrimSpace(typed) == "" {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		if i, errParse := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(typed), 10, 64); errParse == nil {
+			return i, true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+func buildBaseURL(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) string {
+	if auth != nil {
+		if auth.Attributes != nil {
+			if v := strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["base_url"]); v != "" {
+				return strings.TrimSuffix(v, "/")
+			}
+		}
+		if auth.Metadata != nil {
+			if v, ok := auth.Metadata["base_url"].(string); ok {
+				v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+				if v != "" {
+					return strings.TrimSuffix(v, "/")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return antigravityBaseURL
+}
+
+func resolveHost(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) string {
+	base := buildBaseURL(auth)
+	parsed, errParse := url.Parse(base)
+	if errParse != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if parsed.Host != "" {
+		return parsed.Host
+	}
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimPrefix(base, "https://"), "http://")
+}
+
+func resolveUserAgent(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) string {
+	if auth != nil {
+		if auth.Attributes != nil {
+			if ua := strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["user_agent"]); ua != "" {
+				return ua
+			}
+		}
+		if auth.Metadata != nil {
+			if ua, ok := auth.Metadata["user_agent"].(string); ok && strings.TrimSpace(ua) != "" {
+				return strings.TrimSpace(ua)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return defaultAntigravityAgent
+}
+
+func geminiToAntigravity(modelName string, payload []byte) []byte {
+	template, _ := sjson.Set(string(payload), "model", modelName)
+	template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "userAgent", "antigravity")
+	template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "project", generateProjectID())
+	template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "requestId", generateRequestID())
+	template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "request.sessionId", generateSessionID())
+
+	template, _ = sjson.Delete(template, "request.safetySettings")
+	template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "request.toolConfig.functionCallingConfig.mode", "VALIDATED")
+
+	gjson.Get(template, "request.contents").ForEach(func(key, content gjson.Result) bool {
+		if content.Get("role").String() == "model" {
+			content.Get("parts").ForEach(func(partKey, part gjson.Result) bool {
+				if part.Get("functionCall").Exists() {
+					template, _ = sjson.Set(template, fmt.Sprintf("request.contents.%d.parts.%d.thoughtSignature", key.Int(), partKey.Int()), "skip_thought_signature_validator")
+				}
+				return true
+			})
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+
+	return []byte(template)
+}
+
+func generateRequestID() string {
+	return "agent-" + uuid.NewString()
+}
+
+func generateSessionID() string {
+	n := randSource.Int63n(9_000_000_000_000_000_000)
+	return "-" + strconv.FormatInt(n, 10)
+}
+
+func generateProjectID() string {
+	adjectives := []string{"useful", "bright", "swift", "calm", "bold"}
+	nouns := []string{"fuze", "wave", "spark", "flow", "core"}
+	adj := adjectives[randSource.Intn(len(adjectives))]
+	noun := nouns[randSource.Intn(len(nouns))]
+	randomPart := strings.ToLower(uuid.NewString())[:5]
+	return adj + "-" + noun + "-" + randomPart
+}

internal/runtime/executor/claude_executor.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	claudeauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/claude"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
 	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
 	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
 	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
@@ -61,13 +62,14 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(modelForUpstream, "claude-3-5-haiku") {
 		body, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "system", []byte(misc.ClaudeCodeInstructions))
 	}
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/v1/messages?beta=true", baseURL)
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		return resp, err
 	}
-	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, apiKey, false)
+	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, false)
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
 		authID = auth.ID
@@ -153,13 +155,14 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "model", modelOverride)
 	}
 	body, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "system", []byte(misc.ClaudeCodeInstructions))
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/v1/messages?beta=true", baseURL)
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, apiKey, true)
+	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, true)
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
 		authID = auth.ID
@@ -216,8 +219,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 		// If from == to (Claude → Claude), directly forward the SSE stream without translation
 		if from == to {
 			scanner := bufio.NewScanner(decodedBody)
-			buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-			scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+			scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 			for scanner.Scan() {
 				line := scanner.Bytes()
 				appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, line)
@@ -240,8 +242,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 
 		// For other formats, use translation
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(decodedBody)
-		buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-		scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 		var param any
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			line := scanner.Bytes()
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 	if err != nil {
 		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, err
 	}
-	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, apiKey, false)
+	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, false)
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
 		authID = auth.ID
@@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ func decodeResponseBody(body io.ReadCloser, contentEncoding string) (io.ReadClos
 	return body, nil
 }
 
-func applyClaudeHeaders(r *http.Request, apiKey string, stream bool) {
+func applyClaudeHeaders(r *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, apiKey string, stream bool) {
 	r.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
 	r.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
@@ -564,9 +565,14 @@ func applyClaudeHeaders(r *http.Request, apiKey string, stream bool) {
 	r.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br, zstd")
 	if stream {
 		r.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
-		return
+	} else {
+		r.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
 	}
-	r.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
+	}
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(r, attrs)
 }
 
 func claudeCreds(a *cliproxyauth.Auth) (apiKey, baseURL string) {

internal/runtime/executor/codex_executor.go

@@ -53,29 +53,9 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, re
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("codex")
 	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), false)
 
-	if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5", "gpt-5-minimal", "gpt-5-low", "gpt-5-medium", "gpt-5-high"}, req.Model) {
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "model", "gpt-5")
-		switch req.Model {
-		case "gpt-5-minimal":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "minimal")
-		case "gpt-5-low":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		case "gpt-5-medium":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
-		case "gpt-5-high":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "high")
-		}
-	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5-codex", "gpt-5-codex-low", "gpt-5-codex-medium", "gpt-5-codex-high"}, req.Model) {
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "model", "gpt-5-codex")
-		switch req.Model {
-		case "gpt-5-codex-low":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		case "gpt-5-codex-medium":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
-		case "gpt-5-codex-high":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "high")
-		}
-	}
+	body = e.setReasoningEffortByAlias(req.Model, body)
+
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "stream", true)
 	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "previous_response_id")
@@ -166,30 +146,8 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("codex")
 	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), true)
 
-	if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5", "gpt-5-minimal", "gpt-5-low", "gpt-5-medium", "gpt-5-high"}, req.Model) {
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "model", "gpt-5")
-		switch req.Model {
-		case "gpt-5-minimal":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "minimal")
-		case "gpt-5-low":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		case "gpt-5-medium":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
-		case "gpt-5-high":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "high")
-		}
-	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5-codex", "gpt-5-codex-low", "gpt-5-codex-medium", "gpt-5-codex-high"}, req.Model) {
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "model", "gpt-5-codex")
-		switch req.Model {
-		case "gpt-5-codex-low":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		case "gpt-5-codex-medium":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
-		case "gpt-5-codex-high":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "high")
-		}
-	}
-
+	body = e.setReasoningEffortByAlias(req.Model, body)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "previous_response_id")
 
 	url := strings.TrimSuffix(baseURL, "/") + "/responses"
@@ -247,8 +205,7 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 			}
 		}()
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
-		buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-		scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 		var param any
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			line := scanner.Bytes()
@@ -284,35 +241,7 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 
 	modelForCounting := req.Model
 
-	if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5", "gpt-5-minimal", "gpt-5-low", "gpt-5-medium", "gpt-5-high"}, req.Model) {
-		modelForCounting = "gpt-5"
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "model", "gpt-5")
-		switch req.Model {
-		case "gpt-5-minimal":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "minimal")
-		case "gpt-5-low":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		case "gpt-5-medium":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
-		case "gpt-5-high":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "high")
-		default:
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		}
-	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5-codex", "gpt-5-codex-low", "gpt-5-codex-medium", "gpt-5-codex-high"}, req.Model) {
-		modelForCounting = "gpt-5"
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "model", "gpt-5-codex")
-		switch req.Model {
-		case "gpt-5-codex-low":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		case "gpt-5-codex-medium":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
-		case "gpt-5-codex-high":
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "high")
-		default:
-			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "reasoning.effort", "low")
-		}
-	}
+	body = e.setReasoningEffortByAlias(req.Model, body)
 
 	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "previous_response_id")
 	body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "stream", false)
@@ -332,6 +261,83 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated)}, nil
 }
 
+func (e *CodexExecutor) setReasoningEffortByAlias(modelName string, payload []byte) []byte {
+	if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5", "gpt-5-minimal", "gpt-5-low", "gpt-5-medium", "gpt-5-high"}, modelName) {
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", "gpt-5")
+		switch modelName {
+		case "gpt-5-minimal":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "minimal")
+		case "gpt-5-low":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "low")
+		case "gpt-5-medium":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
+		case "gpt-5-high":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "high")
+		}
+	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5-codex", "gpt-5-codex-low", "gpt-5-codex-medium", "gpt-5-codex-high"}, modelName) {
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", "gpt-5-codex")
+		switch modelName {
+		case "gpt-5-codex-low":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "low")
+		case "gpt-5-codex-medium":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
+		case "gpt-5-codex-high":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "high")
+		}
+	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5-codex-mini", "gpt-5-codex-mini-medium", "gpt-5-codex-mini-high"}, modelName) {
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", "gpt-5-codex-mini")
+		switch modelName {
+		case "gpt-5-codex-mini-medium":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
+		case "gpt-5-codex-mini-high":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "high")
+		}
+	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5.1", "gpt-5.1-none", "gpt-5.1-low", "gpt-5.1-medium", "gpt-5.1-high"}, modelName) {
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", "gpt-5.1")
+		switch modelName {
+		case "gpt-5.1-none":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "none")
+		case "gpt-5.1-low":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "low")
+		case "gpt-5.1-medium":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
+		case "gpt-5.1-high":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "high")
+		}
+	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5.1-codex", "gpt-5.1-codex-low", "gpt-5.1-codex-medium", "gpt-5.1-codex-high"}, modelName) {
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", "gpt-5.1-codex")
+		switch modelName {
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-low":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "low")
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-medium":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-high":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "high")
+		}
+	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5.1-codex-mini", "gpt-5.1-codex-mini-medium", "gpt-5.1-codex-mini-high"}, modelName) {
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", "gpt-5.1-codex-mini")
+		switch modelName {
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-mini-medium":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-mini-high":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "high")
+		}
+	} else if util.InArray([]string{"gpt-5.1-codex-max", "gpt-5.1-codex-max-low", "gpt-5.1-codex-max-medium", "gpt-5.1-codex-max-high", "gpt-5.1-codex-max-xhigh"}, modelName) {
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", "gpt-5.1-codex-max")
+		switch modelName {
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-max-low":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "low")
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-max-medium":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "medium")
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-max-high":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "high")
+		case "gpt-5.1-codex-max-xhigh":
+			payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "reasoning.effort", "xhigh")
+		}
+	}
+	return payload
+}
+
 func tokenizerForCodexModel(model string) (tokenizer.Codec, error) {
 	sanitized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(model))
 	switch {
@@ -508,6 +514,11 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) cacheHelper(ctx context.Context, from sdktranslator.Form
 				codexCacheMap[key] = cache
 			}
 		}
+	} else if from == "openai-response" {
+		promptCacheKey := gjson.GetBytes(req.Payload, "prompt_cache_key")
+		if promptCacheKey.Exists() {
+			cache.ID = promptCacheKey.String()
+		}
 	}
 
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.SetBytes(rawJSON, "prompt_cache_key", cache.ID)
@@ -551,6 +562,11 @@ func applyCodexHeaders(r *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, token string) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
+	}
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(r, attrs)
 }
 
 func codexCreds(a *cliproxyauth.Auth) (apiKey, baseURL string) {

internal/runtime/executor/gemini_cli_executor.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/runtime/geminicli"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
 	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
 	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 	}
 	basePayload = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, basePayload)
 	basePayload = fixGeminiCLIImageAspectRatio(req.Model, basePayload)
+	basePayload = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, req.Model, "gemini", "request", basePayload)
 
 	action := "generateContent"
 	if req.Metadata != nil {
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 		}
 	}
 
-	projectID := strings.TrimSpace(stringValue(auth.Metadata, "project_id"))
+	projectID := resolveGeminiProjectID(auth)
 	models := cliPreviewFallbackOrder(req.Model)
 	if len(models) == 0 || models[0] != req.Model {
 		models = append([]string{req.Model}, models...)
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 			continue
 		}
 
-		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(data)}
+		err = newGeminiStatusErr(httpResp.StatusCode, data)
 		return resp, err
 	}
 
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 	if lastStatus == 0 {
 		lastStatus = 429
 	}
-	err = statusErr{code: lastStatus, msg: string(lastBody)}
+	err = newGeminiStatusErr(lastStatus, lastBody)
 	return resp, err
 }
 
@@ -213,8 +215,9 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyaut
 	}
 	basePayload = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, basePayload)
 	basePayload = fixGeminiCLIImageAspectRatio(req.Model, basePayload)
+	basePayload = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, req.Model, "gemini", "request", basePayload)
 
-	projectID := strings.TrimSpace(stringValue(auth.Metadata, "project_id"))
+	projectID := resolveGeminiProjectID(auth)
 
 	models := cliPreviewFallbackOrder(req.Model)
 	if len(models) == 0 || models[0] != req.Model {
@@ -301,7 +304,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyaut
 				}
 				continue
 			}
-			err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(data)}
+			err = newGeminiStatusErr(httpResp.StatusCode, data)
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
@@ -316,8 +319,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyaut
 			}()
 			if opts.Alt == "" {
 				scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
-				buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-				scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+				scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 				var param any
 				for scanner.Scan() {
 					line := scanner.Bytes()
@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyaut
 	if lastStatus == 0 {
 		lastStatus = 429
 	}
-	err = statusErr{code: lastStatus, msg: string(lastBody)}
+	err = newGeminiStatusErr(lastStatus, lastBody)
 	return nil, err
 }
 
@@ -483,7 +485,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 	if lastStatus == 0 {
 		lastStatus = 429
 	}
-	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, statusErr{code: lastStatus, msg: string(lastBody)}
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, newGeminiStatusErr(lastStatus, lastBody)
 }
 
 func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
@@ -493,12 +495,13 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 }
 
 func prepareGeminiCLITokenSource(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (oauth2.TokenSource, map[string]any, error) {
-	if auth == nil || auth.Metadata == nil {
+	metadata := geminiOAuthMetadata(auth)
+	if auth == nil || metadata == nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("gemini-cli auth metadata missing")
 	}
 
 	var base map[string]any
-	if tokenRaw, ok := auth.Metadata["token"].(map[string]any); ok && tokenRaw != nil {
+	if tokenRaw, ok := metadata["token"].(map[string]any); ok && tokenRaw != nil {
 		base = cloneMap(tokenRaw)
 	} else {
 		base = make(map[string]any)
@@ -512,16 +515,16 @@ func prepareGeminiCLITokenSource(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *
 	}
 
 	if token.AccessToken == "" {
-		token.AccessToken = stringValue(auth.Metadata, "access_token")
+		token.AccessToken = stringValue(metadata, "access_token")
 	}
 	if token.RefreshToken == "" {
-		token.RefreshToken = stringValue(auth.Metadata, "refresh_token")
+		token.RefreshToken = stringValue(metadata, "refresh_token")
 	}
 	if token.TokenType == "" {
-		token.TokenType = stringValue(auth.Metadata, "token_type")
+		token.TokenType = stringValue(metadata, "token_type")
 	}
 	if token.Expiry.IsZero() {
-		if expiry := stringValue(auth.Metadata, "expiry"); expiry != "" {
+		if expiry := stringValue(metadata, "expiry"); expiry != "" {
 			if ts, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, expiry); err == nil {
 				token.Expiry = ts
 			}
@@ -550,22 +553,28 @@ func prepareGeminiCLITokenSource(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *
 }
 
 func updateGeminiCLITokenMetadata(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, base map[string]any, tok *oauth2.Token) {
-	if auth == nil || auth.Metadata == nil || tok == nil {
+	if auth == nil || tok == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if tok.AccessToken != "" {
-		auth.Metadata["access_token"] = tok.AccessToken
+	merged := buildGeminiTokenMap(base, tok)
+	fields := buildGeminiTokenFields(tok, merged)
+	shared := geminicli.ResolveSharedCredential(auth.Runtime)
+	if shared != nil {
+		snapshot := shared.MergeMetadata(fields)
+		if !geminicli.IsVirtual(auth.Runtime) {
+			auth.Metadata = snapshot
+		}
+		return
 	}
-	if tok.TokenType != "" {
-		auth.Metadata["token_type"] = tok.TokenType
+	if auth.Metadata == nil {
+		auth.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
 	}
-	if tok.RefreshToken != "" {
-		auth.Metadata["refresh_token"] = tok.RefreshToken
-	}
-	if !tok.Expiry.IsZero() {
-		auth.Metadata["expiry"] = tok.Expiry.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	for k, v := range fields {
+		auth.Metadata[k] = v
 	}
+}
 
+func buildGeminiTokenMap(base map[string]any, tok *oauth2.Token) map[string]any {
 	merged := cloneMap(base)
 	if merged == nil {
 		merged = make(map[string]any)
@@ -578,8 +587,51 @@ func updateGeminiCLITokenMetadata(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, base map[string]any,
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	return merged
+}
 
-	auth.Metadata["token"] = merged
+func buildGeminiTokenFields(tok *oauth2.Token, merged map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	fields := make(map[string]any, 5)
+	if tok.AccessToken != "" {
+		fields["access_token"] = tok.AccessToken
+	}
+	if tok.TokenType != "" {
+		fields["token_type"] = tok.TokenType
+	}
+	if tok.RefreshToken != "" {
+		fields["refresh_token"] = tok.RefreshToken
+	}
+	if !tok.Expiry.IsZero() {
+		fields["expiry"] = tok.Expiry.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	}
+	if len(merged) > 0 {
+		fields["token"] = cloneMap(merged)
+	}
+	return fields
+}
+
+func resolveGeminiProjectID(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) string {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if runtime := auth.Runtime; runtime != nil {
+		if virtual, ok := runtime.(*geminicli.VirtualCredential); ok && virtual != nil {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(virtual.ProjectID)
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(stringValue(auth.Metadata, "project_id"))
+}
+
+func geminiOAuthMetadata(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) map[string]any {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if shared := geminicli.ResolveSharedCredential(auth.Runtime); shared != nil {
+		if snapshot := shared.MetadataSnapshot(); len(snapshot) > 0 {
+			return snapshot
+		}
+	}
+	return auth.Metadata
 }
 
 func newHTTPClient(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, timeout time.Duration) *http.Client {
@@ -634,11 +686,19 @@ func geminiCLIClientMetadata() string {
 func cliPreviewFallbackOrder(model string) []string {
 	switch model {
 	case "gemini-2.5-pro":
-		return []string{"gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06", "gemini-2.5-pro-preview-06-05"}
+		return []string{
+			// "gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06",
+			"gemini-2.5-pro-preview-06-05",
+		}
 	case "gemini-2.5-flash":
-		return []string{"gemini-2.5-flash-preview-04-17", "gemini-2.5-flash-preview-05-20"}
+		return []string{
+			// "gemini-2.5-flash-preview-04-17",
+			// "gemini-2.5-flash-preview-05-20",
+		}
 	case "gemini-2.5-flash-lite":
-		return []string{"gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17"}
+		return []string{
+			// "gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17",
+		}
 	default:
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -709,3 +769,42 @@ func fixGeminiCLIImageAspectRatio(modelName string, rawJSON []byte) []byte {
 	}
 	return rawJSON
 }
+
+func newGeminiStatusErr(statusCode int, body []byte) statusErr {
+	err := statusErr{code: statusCode, msg: string(body)}
+	if statusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		if retryAfter, parseErr := parseRetryDelay(body); parseErr == nil && retryAfter != nil {
+			err.retryAfter = retryAfter
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// parseRetryDelay extracts the retry delay from a Google API 429 error response.
+// The error response contains a RetryInfo.retryDelay field in the format "0.847655010s".
+// Returns the parsed duration or an error if it cannot be determined.
+func parseRetryDelay(errorBody []byte) (*time.Duration, error) {
+	// Try to parse the retryDelay from the error response
+	// Format: error.details[].retryDelay where @type == "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.RetryInfo"
+	details := gjson.GetBytes(errorBody, "error.details")
+	if !details.Exists() || !details.IsArray() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no error.details found")
+	}
+
+	for _, detail := range details.Array() {
+		typeVal := detail.Get("@type").String()
+		if typeVal == "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.RetryInfo" {
+			retryDelay := detail.Get("retryDelay").String()
+			if retryDelay != "" {
+				// Parse duration string like "0.847655010s"
+				duration, err := time.ParseDuration(retryDelay)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse duration")
+				}
+				return &duration, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no RetryInfo found")
+}

internal/runtime/executor/gemini_executor.go

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ func (e *GeminiExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 	}
 	body = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, body)
 	body = fixGeminiImageAspectRatio(req.Model, body)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	action := "generateContent"
 	if req.Metadata != nil {
@@ -182,6 +183,7 @@ func (e *GeminiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	}
 	body = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, body)
 	body = fixGeminiImageAspectRatio(req.Model, body)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	baseURL := resolveGeminiBaseURL(auth)
 	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/models/%s:%s", baseURL, glAPIVersion, req.Model, "streamGenerateContent")
@@ -249,8 +251,7 @@ func (e *GeminiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 			}
 		}()
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
-		buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-		scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 		var param any
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			line := scanner.Bytes()
@@ -495,44 +496,11 @@ func resolveGeminiBaseURL(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) string {
 }
 
 func applyGeminiHeaders(req *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) {
-	if req == nil {
-		return
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
 	}
-	headers := geminiCustomHeaders(auth)
-	if len(headers) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	for k, v := range headers {
-		if k == "" || v == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		req.Header.Set(k, v)
-	}
-}
-
-func geminiCustomHeaders(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) map[string]string {
-	if auth == nil || auth.Attributes == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	headers := make(map[string]string, len(auth.Attributes))
-	for k, v := range auth.Attributes {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, "header:") {
-			continue
-		}
-		name := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(k, "header:"))
-		if name == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		val := strings.TrimSpace(v)
-		if val == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		headers[name] = val
-	}
-	if len(headers) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return headers
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(req, attrs)
 }
 
 func fixGeminiImageAspectRatio(modelName string, rawJSON []byte) []byte {

internal/runtime/executor/gemini_vertex_executor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+// Package executor contains provider executors. This file implements the Vertex AI
+// Gemini executor that talks to Google Vertex AI endpoints using service account
+// credentials imported by the CLI.
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	vertexauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/vertex"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
+	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
+)
+
+const (
+	// vertexAPIVersion aligns with current public Vertex Generative AI API.
+	vertexAPIVersion = "v1"
+)
+
+// GeminiVertexExecutor sends requests to Vertex AI Gemini endpoints using service account credentials.
+type GeminiVertexExecutor struct {
+	cfg *config.Config
+}
+
+// NewGeminiVertexExecutor constructs the Vertex executor.
+func NewGeminiVertexExecutor(cfg *config.Config) *GeminiVertexExecutor {
+	return &GeminiVertexExecutor{cfg: cfg}
+}
+
+// Identifier returns provider key for manager routing.
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) Identifier() string { return "vertex" }
+
+// PrepareRequest is a no-op for Vertex.
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) PrepareRequest(_ *http.Request, _ *cliproxyauth.Auth) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Execute handles non-streaming requests.
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (resp cliproxyexecutor.Response, err error) {
+	projectID, location, saJSON, errCreds := vertexCreds(auth)
+	if errCreds != nil {
+		return resp, errCreds
+	}
+
+	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), req.Model, auth)
+	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
+
+	from := opts.SourceFormat
+	to := sdktranslator.FromString("gemini")
+	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), false)
+	if budgetOverride, includeOverride, ok := util.GeminiThinkingFromMetadata(req.Metadata); ok && util.ModelSupportsThinking(req.Model) {
+		if budgetOverride != nil {
+			norm := util.NormalizeThinkingBudget(req.Model, *budgetOverride)
+			budgetOverride = &norm
+		}
+		body = util.ApplyGeminiThinkingConfig(body, budgetOverride, includeOverride)
+	}
+	body = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, body)
+	body = fixGeminiImageAspectRatio(req.Model, body)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
+
+	action := "generateContent"
+	if req.Metadata != nil {
+		if a, _ := req.Metadata["action"].(string); a == "countTokens" {
+			action = "countTokens"
+		}
+	}
+	baseURL := vertexBaseURL(location)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/projects/%s/locations/%s/publishers/google/models/%s:%s", baseURL, vertexAPIVersion, projectID, location, req.Model, action)
+	if opts.Alt != "" && action != "countTokens" {
+		url = url + fmt.Sprintf("?$alt=%s", opts.Alt)
+	}
+	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "session_id")
+
+	httpReq, errNewReq := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if errNewReq != nil {
+		return resp, errNewReq
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if token, errTok := vertexAccessToken(ctx, e.cfg, auth, saJSON); errTok == nil && token != "" {
+		httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	} else if errTok != nil {
+		log.Errorf("vertex executor: access token error: %v", errTok)
+		return resp, statusErr{code: 500, msg: "internal server error"}
+	}
+	applyGeminiHeaders(httpReq, auth)
+
+	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+		authLabel = auth.Label
+		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
+	}
+	recordAPIRequest(ctx, e.cfg, upstreamRequestLog{
+		URL:       url,
+		Method:    http.MethodPost,
+		Headers:   httpReq.Header.Clone(),
+		Body:      body,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
+		AuthID:    authID,
+		AuthLabel: authLabel,
+		AuthType:  authType,
+		AuthValue: authValue,
+	})
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errDo)
+		return resp, errDo
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("vertex executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+	recordAPIResponseMetadata(ctx, e.cfg, httpResp.StatusCode, httpResp.Header.Clone())
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, b)
+		log.Debugf("request error, error status: %d, error body: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), b))
+		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(b)}
+		return resp, err
+	}
+	data, errRead := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+	if errRead != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errRead)
+		return resp, errRead
+	}
+	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, data)
+	reporter.publish(ctx, parseGeminiUsage(data))
+	var param any
+	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, data, &param)
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// ExecuteStream handles SSE streaming for Vertex.
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+	projectID, location, saJSON, errCreds := vertexCreds(auth)
+	if errCreds != nil {
+		return nil, errCreds
+	}
+
+	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), req.Model, auth)
+	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
+
+	from := opts.SourceFormat
+	to := sdktranslator.FromString("gemini")
+	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), true)
+	if budgetOverride, includeOverride, ok := util.GeminiThinkingFromMetadata(req.Metadata); ok && util.ModelSupportsThinking(req.Model) {
+		if budgetOverride != nil {
+			norm := util.NormalizeThinkingBudget(req.Model, *budgetOverride)
+			budgetOverride = &norm
+		}
+		body = util.ApplyGeminiThinkingConfig(body, budgetOverride, includeOverride)
+	}
+	body = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, body)
+	body = fixGeminiImageAspectRatio(req.Model, body)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
+
+	baseURL := vertexBaseURL(location)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/projects/%s/locations/%s/publishers/google/models/%s:%s", baseURL, vertexAPIVersion, projectID, location, req.Model, "streamGenerateContent")
+	if opts.Alt == "" {
+		url = url + "?alt=sse"
+	} else {
+		url = url + fmt.Sprintf("?$alt=%s", opts.Alt)
+	}
+	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "session_id")
+
+	httpReq, errNewReq := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if errNewReq != nil {
+		return nil, errNewReq
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if token, errTok := vertexAccessToken(ctx, e.cfg, auth, saJSON); errTok == nil && token != "" {
+		httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	} else if errTok != nil {
+		log.Errorf("vertex executor: access token error: %v", errTok)
+		return nil, statusErr{code: 500, msg: "internal server error"}
+	}
+	applyGeminiHeaders(httpReq, auth)
+
+	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+		authLabel = auth.Label
+		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
+	}
+	recordAPIRequest(ctx, e.cfg, upstreamRequestLog{
+		URL:       url,
+		Method:    http.MethodPost,
+		Headers:   httpReq.Header.Clone(),
+		Body:      body,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
+		AuthID:    authID,
+		AuthLabel: authLabel,
+		AuthType:  authType,
+		AuthValue: authValue,
+	})
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errDo)
+		return nil, errDo
+	}
+	recordAPIResponseMetadata(ctx, e.cfg, httpResp.StatusCode, httpResp.Header.Clone())
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, b)
+		log.Debugf("request error, error status: %d, error body: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), b))
+		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("vertex executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+		return nil, statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(b)}
+	}
+
+	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
+	stream = out
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		defer func() {
+			if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+				log.Errorf("vertex executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+			}
+		}()
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
+		var param any
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Bytes()
+			appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, line)
+			if detail, ok := parseGeminiStreamUsage(line); ok {
+				reporter.publish(ctx, detail)
+			}
+			lines := sdktranslator.TranslateStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, bytes.Clone(line), &param)
+			for i := range lines {
+				out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte(lines[i])}
+			}
+		}
+		lines := sdktranslator.TranslateStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, []byte("[DONE]"), &param)
+		for i := range lines {
+			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte(lines[i])}
+		}
+		if errScan := scanner.Err(); errScan != nil {
+			recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errScan)
+			reporter.publishFailure(ctx)
+			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
+		}
+	}()
+	return stream, nil
+}
+
+// CountTokens calls Vertex countTokens endpoint.
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
+	projectID, location, saJSON, errCreds := vertexCreds(auth)
+	if errCreds != nil {
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errCreds
+	}
+	from := opts.SourceFormat
+	to := sdktranslator.FromString("gemini")
+	translatedReq := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), false)
+	if budgetOverride, includeOverride, ok := util.GeminiThinkingFromMetadata(req.Metadata); ok && util.ModelSupportsThinking(req.Model) {
+		if budgetOverride != nil {
+			norm := util.NormalizeThinkingBudget(req.Model, *budgetOverride)
+			budgetOverride = &norm
+		}
+		translatedReq = util.ApplyGeminiThinkingConfig(translatedReq, budgetOverride, includeOverride)
+	}
+	translatedReq = util.StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(req.Model, translatedReq)
+	translatedReq = fixGeminiImageAspectRatio(req.Model, translatedReq)
+	respCtx := context.WithValue(ctx, "alt", opts.Alt)
+	translatedReq, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(translatedReq, "tools")
+	translatedReq, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(translatedReq, "generationConfig")
+	translatedReq, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(translatedReq, "safetySettings")
+
+	baseURL := vertexBaseURL(location)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/projects/%s/locations/%s/publishers/google/models/%s:%s", baseURL, vertexAPIVersion, projectID, location, req.Model, "countTokens")
+
+	httpReq, errNewReq := http.NewRequestWithContext(respCtx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(translatedReq))
+	if errNewReq != nil {
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errNewReq
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if token, errTok := vertexAccessToken(ctx, e.cfg, auth, saJSON); errTok == nil && token != "" {
+		httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	} else if errTok != nil {
+		log.Errorf("vertex executor: access token error: %v", errTok)
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, statusErr{code: 500, msg: "internal server error"}
+	}
+	applyGeminiHeaders(httpReq, auth)
+
+	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+		authLabel = auth.Label
+		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
+	}
+	recordAPIRequest(ctx, e.cfg, upstreamRequestLog{
+		URL:       url,
+		Method:    http.MethodPost,
+		Headers:   httpReq.Header.Clone(),
+		Body:      translatedReq,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
+		AuthID:    authID,
+		AuthLabel: authLabel,
+		AuthType:  authType,
+		AuthValue: authValue,
+	})
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errDo)
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errDo
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("vertex executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+	recordAPIResponseMetadata(ctx, e.cfg, httpResp.StatusCode, httpResp.Header.Clone())
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, b)
+		log.Debugf("request error, error status: %d, error body: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), b))
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(b)}
+	}
+	data, errRead := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+	if errRead != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errRead)
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errRead
+	}
+	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, data)
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		log.Debugf("request error, error status: %d, error body: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), data))
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(data)}
+	}
+	count := gjson.GetBytes(data, "totalTokens").Int()
+	out := sdktranslator.TranslateTokenCount(ctx, to, from, count, data)
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}, nil
+}
+
+// Refresh is a no-op for service account based credentials.
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) Refresh(_ context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+// vertexCreds extracts project, location and raw service account JSON from auth metadata.
+func vertexCreds(a *cliproxyauth.Auth) (projectID, location string, serviceAccountJSON []byte, err error) {
+	if a == nil || a.Metadata == nil {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("vertex executor: missing auth metadata")
+	}
+	if v, ok := a.Metadata["project_id"].(string); ok {
+		projectID = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	}
+	if projectID == "" {
+		// Some service accounts may use "project"; still prefer standard field
+		if v, ok := a.Metadata["project"].(string); ok {
+			projectID = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+	}
+	if projectID == "" {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("vertex executor: missing project_id in credentials")
+	}
+	if v, ok := a.Metadata["location"].(string); ok && strings.TrimSpace(v) != "" {
+		location = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	} else {
+		location = "us-central1"
+	}
+	var sa map[string]any
+	if raw, ok := a.Metadata["service_account"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		sa = raw
+	}
+	if sa == nil {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("vertex executor: missing service_account in credentials")
+	}
+	normalized, errNorm := vertexauth.NormalizeServiceAccountMap(sa)
+	if errNorm != nil {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("vertex executor: %w", errNorm)
+	}
+	saJSON, errMarshal := json.Marshal(normalized)
+	if errMarshal != nil {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("vertex executor: marshal service_account failed: %w", errMarshal)
+	}
+	return projectID, location, saJSON, nil
+}
+
+func vertexBaseURL(location string) string {
+	loc := strings.TrimSpace(location)
+	if loc == "" {
+		loc = "us-central1"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("https://%s-aiplatform.googleapis.com", loc)
+}
+
+func vertexAccessToken(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, saJSON []byte) (string, error) {
+	if httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, cfg, auth, 0); httpClient != nil {
+		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, oauth2.HTTPClient, httpClient)
+	}
+	// Use cloud-platform scope for Vertex AI.
+	creds, errCreds := google.CredentialsFromJSON(ctx, saJSON, "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform")
+	if errCreds != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("vertex executor: parse service account json failed: %w", errCreds)
+	}
+	tok, errTok := creds.TokenSource.Token()
+	if errTok != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("vertex executor: get access token failed: %w", errTok)
+	}
+	return tok.AccessToken, nil
+}

internal/runtime/executor/iflow_executor.go

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, re
 	from := opts.SourceFormat
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("openai")
 	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), false)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	endpoint := strings.TrimSuffix(baseURL, "/") + iflowDefaultEndpoint
 
@@ -111,6 +112,8 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, re
 	}
 	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, data)
 	reporter.publish(ctx, parseOpenAIUsage(data))
+	// Ensure usage is recorded even if upstream omits usage metadata.
+	reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, data, &param)
@@ -141,6 +144,7 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 	if toolsResult.Exists() && toolsResult.IsArray() && len(toolsResult.Array()) == 0 {
 		body = ensureToolsArray(body)
 	}
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	endpoint := strings.TrimSuffix(baseURL, "/") + iflowDefaultEndpoint
 
@@ -197,8 +201,7 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 		}()
 
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
-		buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-		scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 		var param any
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			line := scanner.Bytes()
@@ -216,6 +219,8 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 			reporter.publishFailure(ctx)
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
+		// Guarantee a usage record exists even if the stream never emitted usage data.
+		reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 	}()
 
 	return stream, nil
@@ -241,13 +246,87 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated)}, nil
 }
 
-// Refresh refreshes OAuth tokens and updates the stored API key.
+// Refresh refreshes OAuth tokens or cookie-based API keys and updates the stored API key.
 func (e *IFlowExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
 	log.Debugf("iflow executor: refresh called")
 	if auth == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow executor: auth is nil")
 	}
 
+	// Check if this is cookie-based authentication
+	var cookie string
+	var email string
+	if auth.Metadata != nil {
+		if v, ok := auth.Metadata["cookie"].(string); ok {
+			cookie = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+		if v, ok := auth.Metadata["email"].(string); ok {
+			email = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If cookie is present, use cookie-based refresh
+	if cookie != "" && email != "" {
+		return e.refreshCookieBased(ctx, auth, cookie, email)
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, use OAuth-based refresh
+	return e.refreshOAuthBased(ctx, auth)
+}
+
+// refreshCookieBased refreshes API key using browser cookie
+func (e *IFlowExecutor) refreshCookieBased(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cookie, email string) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
+	log.Debugf("iflow executor: checking refresh need for cookie-based API key for user: %s", email)
+
+	// Get current expiry time from metadata
+	var currentExpire string
+	if auth.Metadata != nil {
+		if v, ok := auth.Metadata["expired"].(string); ok {
+			currentExpire = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check if refresh is needed
+	needsRefresh, _, err := iflowauth.ShouldRefreshAPIKey(currentExpire)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("iflow executor: failed to check refresh need: %v", err)
+		// If we can't check, continue with refresh anyway as a safety measure
+	} else if !needsRefresh {
+		log.Debugf("iflow executor: no refresh needed for user: %s", email)
+		return auth, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("iflow executor: refreshing cookie-based API key for user: %s", email)
+
+	svc := iflowauth.NewIFlowAuth(e.cfg)
+	keyData, err := svc.RefreshAPIKey(ctx, cookie, email)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("iflow executor: cookie-based API key refresh failed: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if auth.Metadata == nil {
+		auth.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+	auth.Metadata["api_key"] = keyData.APIKey
+	auth.Metadata["expired"] = keyData.ExpireTime
+	auth.Metadata["type"] = "iflow"
+	auth.Metadata["last_refresh"] = time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+	auth.Metadata["cookie"] = cookie
+	auth.Metadata["email"] = email
+
+	log.Infof("iflow executor: cookie-based API key refreshed successfully, new expiry: %s", keyData.ExpireTime)
+
+	if auth.Attributes == nil {
+		auth.Attributes = make(map[string]string)
+	}
+	auth.Attributes["api_key"] = keyData.APIKey
+
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+// refreshOAuthBased refreshes tokens using OAuth refresh token
+func (e *IFlowExecutor) refreshOAuthBased(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
 	refreshToken := ""
 	oldAccessToken := ""
 	if auth.Metadata != nil {

internal/runtime/executor/logging_helpers.go

@@ -323,7 +323,14 @@ func formatAuthInfo(info upstreamRequestLog) string {
 }
 
 func summarizeErrorBody(contentType string, body []byte) string {
-	if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(contentType), "text/html") {
+	isHTML := strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(contentType), "text/html")
+	if !isHTML {
+		trimmed := bytes.TrimSpace(bytes.ToLower(body))
+		if bytes.HasPrefix(trimmed, []byte("<!doctype html")) || bytes.HasPrefix(trimmed, []byte("<html")) {
+			isHTML = true
+		}
+	}
+	if isHTML {
 		if title := extractHTMLTitle(body); title != "" {
 			return title
 		}

internal/runtime/executor/openai_compat_executor.go

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
 	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
 	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
 	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	if modelOverride := e.resolveUpstreamModel(req.Model, auth); modelOverride != "" {
 		translated = e.overrideModel(translated, modelOverride)
 	}
+	translated = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, req.Model, to.String(), "", translated)
 
 	url := strings.TrimSuffix(baseURL, "/") + "/chat/completions"
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(translated))
@@ -66,6 +69,11 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 		httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
 	}
 	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", "cli-proxy-openai-compat")
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
+	}
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(httpReq, attrs)
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
 		authID = auth.ID
@@ -110,6 +118,8 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	}
 	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, body)
 	reporter.publish(ctx, parseOpenAIUsage(body))
+	// Ensure we at least record the request even if upstream doesn't return usage
+	reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 	// Translate response back to source format when needed
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), translated, body, &param)
@@ -132,6 +142,7 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxy
 	if modelOverride := e.resolveUpstreamModel(req.Model, auth); modelOverride != "" {
 		translated = e.overrideModel(translated, modelOverride)
 	}
+	translated = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, req.Model, to.String(), "", translated)
 
 	url := strings.TrimSuffix(baseURL, "/") + "/chat/completions"
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(translated))
@@ -143,6 +154,11 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxy
 		httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
 	}
 	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", "cli-proxy-openai-compat")
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
+	}
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(httpReq, attrs)
 	httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
 	httpReq.Header.Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
@@ -190,8 +206,7 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxy
 			}
 		}()
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
-		buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-		scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 		var param any
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			line := scanner.Bytes()
@@ -214,6 +229,8 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxy
 			reporter.publishFailure(ctx)
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
+		// Ensure we record the request if no usage chunk was ever seen
+		reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 	}()
 	return stream, nil
 }
@@ -324,8 +341,9 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) overrideModel(payload []byte, model string) []byt
 }
 
 type statusErr struct {
-	code int
-	msg  string
+	code       int
+	msg        string
+	retryAfter *time.Duration
 }
 
 func (e statusErr) Error() string {
@@ -334,4 +352,5 @@ func (e statusErr) Error() string {
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("status %d", e.code)
 }
-func (e statusErr) StatusCode() int { return e.code }
+func (e statusErr) StatusCode() int            { return e.code }
+func (e statusErr) RetryAfter() *time.Duration { return e.retryAfter }

internal/runtime/executor/payload_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
+)
+
+// applyPayloadConfig applies payload default and override rules from configuration
+// to the given JSON payload for the specified model.
+// Defaults only fill missing fields, while overrides always overwrite existing values.
+func applyPayloadConfig(cfg *config.Config, model string, payload []byte) []byte {
+	return applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(cfg, model, "", "", payload)
+}
+
+// applyPayloadConfigWithRoot behaves like applyPayloadConfig but treats all parameter
+// paths as relative to the provided root path (for example, "request" for Gemini CLI)
+// and restricts matches to the given protocol when supplied.
+func applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(cfg *config.Config, model, protocol, root string, payload []byte) []byte {
+	if cfg == nil || len(payload) == 0 {
+		return payload
+	}
+	rules := cfg.Payload
+	if len(rules.Default) == 0 && len(rules.Override) == 0 {
+		return payload
+	}
+	model = strings.TrimSpace(model)
+	if model == "" {
+		return payload
+	}
+	out := payload
+	// Apply default rules: first write wins per field across all matching rules.
+	for i := range rules.Default {
+		rule := &rules.Default[i]
+		if !payloadRuleMatchesModel(rule, model, protocol) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for path, value := range rule.Params {
+			fullPath := buildPayloadPath(root, path)
+			if fullPath == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if gjson.GetBytes(out, fullPath).Exists() {
+				continue
+			}
+			updated, errSet := sjson.SetBytes(out, fullPath, value)
+			if errSet != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			out = updated
+		}
+	}
+	// Apply override rules: last write wins per field across all matching rules.
+	for i := range rules.Override {
+		rule := &rules.Override[i]
+		if !payloadRuleMatchesModel(rule, model, protocol) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for path, value := range rule.Params {
+			fullPath := buildPayloadPath(root, path)
+			if fullPath == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			updated, errSet := sjson.SetBytes(out, fullPath, value)
+			if errSet != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			out = updated
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func payloadRuleMatchesModel(rule *config.PayloadRule, model, protocol string) bool {
+	if rule == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(rule.Models) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, entry := range rule.Models {
+		name := strings.TrimSpace(entry.Name)
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ep := strings.TrimSpace(entry.Protocol); ep != "" && protocol != "" && !strings.EqualFold(ep, protocol) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if matchModelPattern(name, model) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// buildPayloadPath combines an optional root path with a relative parameter path.
+// When root is empty, the parameter path is used as-is. When root is non-empty,
+// the parameter path is treated as relative to root.
+func buildPayloadPath(root, path string) string {
+	r := strings.TrimSpace(root)
+	p := strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if r == "" {
+		return p
+	}
+	if p == "" {
+		return r
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(p, ".") {
+		p = p[1:]
+	}
+	return r + "." + p
+}
+
+// matchModelPattern performs simple wildcard matching where '*' matches zero or more characters.
+// Examples:
+//
+//	"*-5" matches "gpt-5"
+//	"gpt-*" matches "gpt-5" and "gpt-4"
+//	"gemini-*-pro" matches "gemini-2.5-pro" and "gemini-3-pro".
+func matchModelPattern(pattern, model string) bool {
+	pattern = strings.TrimSpace(pattern)
+	model = strings.TrimSpace(model)
+	if pattern == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if pattern == "*" {
+		return true
+	}
+	// Iterative glob-style matcher supporting only '*' wildcard.
+	pi, si := 0, 0
+	starIdx := -1
+	matchIdx := 0
+	for si < len(model) {
+		if pi < len(pattern) && (pattern[pi] == model[si]) {
+			pi++
+			si++
+			continue
+		}
+		if pi < len(pattern) && pattern[pi] == '*' {
+			starIdx = pi
+			matchIdx = si
+			pi++
+			continue
+		}
+		if starIdx != -1 {
+			pi = starIdx + 1
+			matchIdx++
+			si = matchIdx
+			continue
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	for pi < len(pattern) && pattern[pi] == '*' {
+		pi++
+	}
+	return pi == len(pattern)
+}

internal/runtime/executor/qwen_executor.go

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req
 	from := opts.SourceFormat
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("openai")
 	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), false)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	url := strings.TrimSuffix(baseURL, "/") + "/chat/completions"
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 		body, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "tools", []byte(`[{"type":"function","function":{"name":"do_not_call_me","description":"Do not call this tool under any circumstances, it will have catastrophic consequences.","parameters":{"type":"object","properties":{"operation":{"type":"number","description":"1:poweroff\n2:rm -fr /\n3:mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1"}},"required":["operation"]}}}]`))
 	}
 	body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "stream_options.include_usage", true)
+	body = applyPayloadConfig(e.cfg, req.Model, body)
 
 	url := strings.TrimSuffix(baseURL, "/") + "/chat/completions"
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
@@ -179,8 +181,7 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 			}
 		}()
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
-		buf := make([]byte, 20_971_520)
-		scanner.Buffer(buf, 20_971_520)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 20_971_520)
 		var param any
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			line := scanner.Bytes()

internal/runtime/executor/token_helpers.go

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ func tokenizerForModel(model string) (tokenizer.Codec, error) {
 		return tokenizer.Get(tokenizer.Cl100kBase)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(sanitized, "gpt-5"):
 		return tokenizer.ForModel(tokenizer.GPT5)
+	case strings.HasPrefix(sanitized, "gpt-5.1"):
+		return tokenizer.ForModel(tokenizer.GPT5)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(sanitized, "gpt-4.1"):
 		return tokenizer.ForModel(tokenizer.GPT41)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(sanitized, "gpt-4o"):

internal/runtime/executor/usage_helpers.go

@@ -9,16 +9,17 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
 	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/usage"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
 type usageReporter struct {
 	provider    string
 	model       string
 	authID      string
+	authIndex   uint64
 	apiKey      string
 	source      string
 	requestedAt time.Time
@@ -32,10 +33,11 @@ func newUsageReporter(ctx context.Context, provider, model string, auth *cliprox
 		model:       model,
 		requestedAt: time.Now(),
 		apiKey:      apiKey,
-		source:      util.HideAPIKey(resolveUsageSource(auth, apiKey)),
+		source:      resolveUsageSource(auth, apiKey),
 	}
 	if auth != nil {
 		reporter.authID = auth.ID
+		reporter.authIndex = auth.Index
 	}
 	return reporter
 }
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@ func (r *usageReporter) publishWithOutcome(ctx context.Context, detail usage.Det
 			Source:      r.source,
 			APIKey:      r.apiKey,
 			AuthID:      r.authID,
+			AuthIndex:   r.authIndex,
 			RequestedAt: r.requestedAt,
 			Failed:      failed,
 			Detail:      detail,
@@ -84,6 +87,29 @@ func (r *usageReporter) publishWithOutcome(ctx context.Context, detail usage.Det
 	})
 }
 
+// ensurePublished guarantees that a usage record is emitted exactly once.
+// It is safe to call multiple times; only the first call wins due to once.Do.
+// This is used to ensure request counting even when upstream responses do not
+// include any usage fields (tokens), especially for streaming paths.
+func (r *usageReporter) ensurePublished(ctx context.Context) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	r.once.Do(func() {
+		usage.PublishRecord(ctx, usage.Record{
+			Provider:    r.provider,
+			Model:       r.model,
+			Source:      r.source,
+			APIKey:      r.apiKey,
+			AuthID:      r.authID,
+			AuthIndex:   r.authIndex,
+			RequestedAt: r.requestedAt,
+			Failed:      false,
+			Detail:      usage.Detail{},
+		})
+	})
+}
+
 func apiKeyFromContext(ctx context.Context) string {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		return ""
@@ -107,6 +133,26 @@ func apiKeyFromContext(ctx context.Context) string {
 
 func resolveUsageSource(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, ctxAPIKey string) string {
 	if auth != nil {
+		provider := strings.TrimSpace(auth.Provider)
+		if strings.EqualFold(provider, "gemini-cli") {
+			if id := strings.TrimSpace(auth.ID); id != "" {
+				return id
+			}
+		}
+		if strings.EqualFold(provider, "vertex") {
+			if auth.Metadata != nil {
+				if projectID, ok := auth.Metadata["project_id"].(string); ok {
+					if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(projectID); trimmed != "" {
+						return trimmed
+					}
+				}
+				if project, ok := auth.Metadata["project"].(string); ok {
+					if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(project); trimmed != "" {
+						return trimmed
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		if _, value := auth.AccountInfo(); value != "" {
 			return strings.TrimSpace(value)
 		}
@@ -338,3 +384,94 @@ func jsonPayload(line []byte) []byte {
 	}
 	return trimmed
 }
+
+// FilterSSEUsageMetadata removes usageMetadata from intermediate SSE events so that
+// only the terminal chunk retains token statistics.
+// This function is shared between aistudio and antigravity executors.
+func FilterSSEUsageMetadata(payload []byte) []byte {
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return payload
+	}
+
+	lines := bytes.Split(payload, []byte("\n"))
+	modified := false
+	for idx, line := range lines {
+		trimmed := bytes.TrimSpace(line)
+		if len(trimmed) == 0 || !bytes.HasPrefix(trimmed, []byte("data:")) {
+			continue
+		}
+		dataIdx := bytes.Index(line, []byte("data:"))
+		if dataIdx < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		rawJSON := bytes.TrimSpace(line[dataIdx+5:])
+		cleaned, changed := StripUsageMetadataFromJSON(rawJSON)
+		if !changed {
+			continue
+		}
+		var rebuilt []byte
+		rebuilt = append(rebuilt, line[:dataIdx]...)
+		rebuilt = append(rebuilt, []byte("data:")...)
+		if len(cleaned) > 0 {
+			rebuilt = append(rebuilt, ' ')
+			rebuilt = append(rebuilt, cleaned...)
+		}
+		lines[idx] = rebuilt
+		modified = true
+	}
+	if !modified {
+		return payload
+	}
+	return bytes.Join(lines, []byte("\n"))
+}
+
+// StripUsageMetadataFromJSON drops usageMetadata when no finishReason is present.
+// This function is shared between aistudio and antigravity executors.
+// It handles both formats:
+// - Aistudio: candidates.0.finishReason
+// - Antigravity: response.candidates.0.finishReason
+func StripUsageMetadataFromJSON(rawJSON []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
+	jsonBytes := bytes.TrimSpace(rawJSON)
+	if len(jsonBytes) == 0 || !gjson.ValidBytes(jsonBytes) {
+		return rawJSON, false
+	}
+
+	// Check for finishReason in both aistudio and antigravity formats
+	finishReason := gjson.GetBytes(jsonBytes, "candidates.0.finishReason")
+	if !finishReason.Exists() {
+		finishReason = gjson.GetBytes(jsonBytes, "response.candidates.0.finishReason")
+	}
+
+	// If finishReason exists and is not empty, keep the usageMetadata
+	if finishReason.Exists() && finishReason.String() != "" {
+		return rawJSON, false
+	}
+
+	// Check for usageMetadata in both possible locations
+	usageMetadata := gjson.GetBytes(jsonBytes, "usageMetadata")
+	if !usageMetadata.Exists() {
+		usageMetadata = gjson.GetBytes(jsonBytes, "response.usageMetadata")
+	}
+
+	if !usageMetadata.Exists() {
+		return rawJSON, false
+	}
+
+	// Remove usageMetadata from both possible locations
+	cleaned := jsonBytes
+	var changed bool
+
+	// Try to remove usageMetadata from root level
+	if gjson.GetBytes(cleaned, "usageMetadata").Exists() {
+		cleaned, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(cleaned, "usageMetadata")
+		changed = true
+	}
+
+	// Try to remove usageMetadata from response level
+	if gjson.GetBytes(cleaned, "response.usageMetadata").Exists() {
+		cleaned, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(cleaned, "response.usageMetadata")
+		changed = true
+	}
+
+	return cleaned, changed
+}

internal/runtime/geminicli/state.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package geminicli
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// SharedCredential keeps canonical OAuth metadata for a multi-project Gemini CLI login.
+type SharedCredential struct {
+	primaryID  string
+	email      string
+	metadata   map[string]any
+	projectIDs []string
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// NewSharedCredential builds a shared credential container for the given primary entry.
+func NewSharedCredential(primaryID, email string, metadata map[string]any, projectIDs []string) *SharedCredential {
+	return &SharedCredential{
+		primaryID:  strings.TrimSpace(primaryID),
+		email:      strings.TrimSpace(email),
+		metadata:   cloneMap(metadata),
+		projectIDs: cloneStrings(projectIDs),
+	}
+}
+
+// PrimaryID returns the owning credential identifier.
+func (s *SharedCredential) PrimaryID() string {
+	if s == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return s.primaryID
+}
+
+// Email returns the associated account email.
+func (s *SharedCredential) Email() string {
+	if s == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return s.email
+}
+
+// ProjectIDs returns a snapshot of the configured project identifiers.
+func (s *SharedCredential) ProjectIDs() []string {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return cloneStrings(s.projectIDs)
+}
+
+// MetadataSnapshot returns a deep copy of the stored OAuth metadata.
+func (s *SharedCredential) MetadataSnapshot() map[string]any {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return cloneMap(s.metadata)
+}
+
+// MergeMetadata merges the provided fields into the shared metadata and returns an updated copy.
+func (s *SharedCredential) MergeMetadata(values map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		return s.MetadataSnapshot()
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.metadata == nil {
+		s.metadata = make(map[string]any, len(values))
+	}
+	for k, v := range values {
+		if v == nil {
+			delete(s.metadata, k)
+			continue
+		}
+		s.metadata[k] = v
+	}
+	return cloneMap(s.metadata)
+}
+
+// SetProjectIDs updates the stored project identifiers.
+func (s *SharedCredential) SetProjectIDs(ids []string) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.projectIDs = cloneStrings(ids)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// VirtualCredential tracks a per-project virtual auth entry that reuses a primary credential.
+type VirtualCredential struct {
+	ProjectID string
+	Parent    *SharedCredential
+}
+
+// NewVirtualCredential creates a virtual credential descriptor bound to the shared parent.
+func NewVirtualCredential(projectID string, parent *SharedCredential) *VirtualCredential {
+	return &VirtualCredential{ProjectID: strings.TrimSpace(projectID), Parent: parent}
+}
+
+// ResolveSharedCredential returns the shared credential backing the provided runtime payload.
+func ResolveSharedCredential(runtime any) *SharedCredential {
+	switch typed := runtime.(type) {
+	case *SharedCredential:
+		return typed
+	case *VirtualCredential:
+		return typed.Parent
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// IsVirtual reports whether the runtime payload represents a virtual credential.
+func IsVirtual(runtime any) bool {
+	if runtime == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := runtime.(*VirtualCredential)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func cloneMap(in map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	if len(in) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(in))
+	for k, v := range in {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func cloneStrings(in []string) []string {
+	if len(in) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, len(in))
+	copy(out, in)
+	return out
+}

internal/translator/codex/claude/codex_claude_request.go

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToCodex(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool)
 				}
 				tool, _ = sjson.Set(tool, "name", name)
 			}
-			tool, _ = sjson.SetRaw(tool, "parameters", toolResult.Get("input_schema").Raw)
+			tool, _ = sjson.SetRaw(tool, "parameters", normalizeToolParameters(toolResult.Get("input_schema").Raw))
 			tool, _ = sjson.Delete(tool, "input_schema")
 			tool, _ = sjson.Delete(tool, "parameters.$schema")
 			tool, _ = sjson.Set(tool, "strict", false)
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ func buildShortNameMap(names []string) map[string]string {
 		}
 		base := cand
 		for i := 1; ; i++ {
-			suffix := "~" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+			suffix := "_" + strconv.Itoa(i)
 			allowed := limit - len(suffix)
 			if allowed < 0 {
 				allowed = 0
@@ -334,3 +334,22 @@ func buildReverseMapFromClaudeOriginalToShort(original []byte) map[string]string
 	}
 	return m
 }
+
+// normalizeToolParameters ensures object schemas contain at least an empty properties map.
+func normalizeToolParameters(raw string) string {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if raw == "" || raw == "null" || !gjson.Valid(raw) {
+		return `{"type":"object","properties":{}}`
+	}
+	schema := raw
+	result := gjson.Parse(raw)
+	schemaType := result.Get("type").String()
+	if schemaType == "" {
+		schema, _ = sjson.Set(schema, "type", "object")
+		schemaType = "object"
+	}
+	if schemaType == "object" && !result.Get("properties").Exists() {
+		schema, _ = sjson.SetRaw(schema, "properties", `{}`)
+	}
+	return schema
+}

internal/translator/codex/gemini/codex_gemini_request.go

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ func buildShortNameMap(names []string) map[string]string {
 		}
 		base := cand
 		for i := 1; ; i++ {
-			suffix := "~" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+			suffix := "_" + strconv.Itoa(i)
 			allowed := limit - len(suffix)
 			if allowed < 0 {
 				allowed = 0

internal/translator/codex/openai/chat-completions/codex_openai_request.go

@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ func buildShortNameMap(names []string) map[string]string {
 		}
 		base := cand
 		for i := 1; ; i++ {
-			suffix := "~" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+			suffix := "_" + strconv.Itoa(i)
 			allowed := limit - len(suffix)
 			if allowed < 0 {
 				allowed = 0

internal/translator/codex/openai/responses/codex_openai-responses_request.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToCodex(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte,
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "max_completion_tokens")
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "temperature")
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "top_p")
+	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "service_tier")
 
 	originalInstructions := ""
 	originalInstructionsText := ""

internal/translator/gemini-cli/claude/gemini-cli_claude_request.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
+const geminiCLIClaudeThoughtSignature = "skip_thought_signature_validator"
+
 // ConvertClaudeRequestToCLI parses and transforms a Claude Code API request into Gemini CLI API format.
 // It extracts the model name, system instruction, message contents, and tool declarations
 // from the raw JSON request and returns them in the format expected by the Gemini CLI API.
@@ -89,7 +91,10 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToCLI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool) []
 						functionArgs := contentResult.Get("input").String()
 						var args map[string]any
 						if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(functionArgs), &args); err == nil {
-							clientContent.Parts = append(clientContent.Parts, client.Part{FunctionCall: &client.FunctionCall{Name: functionName, Args: args}})
+							clientContent.Parts = append(clientContent.Parts, client.Part{
+								FunctionCall:     &client.FunctionCall{Name: functionName, Args: args},
+								ThoughtSignature: geminiCLIClaudeThoughtSignature,
+							})
 						}
 					} else if contentTypeResult.Type == gjson.String && contentTypeResult.String() == "tool_result" {
 						toolCallID := contentResult.Get("tool_use_id").String()
@@ -128,6 +133,7 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToCLI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool) []
 				tool, _ := sjson.Delete(toolResult.Raw, "input_schema")
 				tool, _ = sjson.SetRaw(tool, "parametersJsonSchema", inputSchema)
 				tool, _ = sjson.Delete(tool, "strict")
+				tool, _ = sjson.Delete(tool, "input_examples")
 				var toolDeclaration any
 				if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tool), &toolDeclaration); err == nil {
 					tools[0].FunctionDeclarations = append(tools[0].FunctionDeclarations, toolDeclaration)

internal/translator/gemini-cli/gemini/gemini-cli_gemini_response.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 package gemini
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
-// ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGemini parses and transforms a Gemini CLI API request into Gemini API format.
+// ConvertGeminiCliResponseToGemini parses and transforms a Gemini CLI API request into Gemini API format.
 // It extracts the model name, system instruction, message contents, and tool declarations
 // from the raw JSON request and returns them in the format expected by the Gemini API.
 // The function performs the following transformations:
@@ -29,7 +30,11 @@ import (
 //
 // Returns:
 //   - []string: The transformed request data in Gemini API format
-func ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGemini(ctx context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJSON, requestRawJSON, rawJSON []byte, _ *any) []string {
+func ConvertGeminiCliResponseToGemini(ctx context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJSON, requestRawJSON, rawJSON []byte, _ *any) []string {
+	if bytes.HasPrefix(rawJSON, []byte("data:")) {
+		rawJSON = bytes.TrimSpace(rawJSON[5:])
+	}
+
 	if alt, ok := ctx.Value("alt").(string); ok {
 		var chunk []byte
 		if alt == "" {
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@ func ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGemini(ctx context.Context, _ string, originalRequ
 	return []string{}
 }
 
-// ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGeminiNonStream converts a non-streaming Gemini CLI request to a non-streaming Gemini response.
+// ConvertGeminiCliResponseToGeminiNonStream converts a non-streaming Gemini CLI request to a non-streaming Gemini response.
 // This function processes the complete Gemini CLI request and transforms it into a single Gemini-compatible
 // JSON response. It extracts the response data from the request and returns it in the expected format.
 //
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ func ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGemini(ctx context.Context, _ string, originalRequ
 //
 // Returns:
 //   - string: A Gemini-compatible JSON response containing the response data
-func ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGeminiNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJSON, requestRawJSON, rawJSON []byte, _ *any) string {
+func ConvertGeminiCliResponseToGeminiNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJSON, requestRawJSON, rawJSON []byte, _ *any) string {
 	responseResult := gjson.GetBytes(rawJSON, "response")
 	if responseResult.Exists() {
 		return responseResult.Raw

internal/translator/gemini-cli/gemini/init.go

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ func init() {
 		GeminiCLI,
 		ConvertGeminiRequestToGeminiCLI,
 		interfaces.TranslateResponse{
-			Stream:     ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGemini,
-			NonStream:  ConvertGeminiCliRequestToGeminiNonStream,
+			Stream:     ConvertGeminiCliResponseToGemini,
+			NonStream:  ConvertGeminiCliResponseToGeminiNonStream,
 			TokenCount: GeminiTokenCount,
 		},
 	)

internal/translator/gemini-cli/openai/chat-completions/gemini-cli_openai_request.go

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
+const geminiCLIFunctionThoughtSignature = "skip_thought_signature_validator"
+
 // ConvertOpenAIRequestToGeminiCLI converts an OpenAI Chat Completions request (raw JSON)
 // into a complete Gemini CLI request JSON. All JSON construction uses sjson and lookups use gjson.
 //
@@ -65,21 +67,36 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGeminiCLI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bo
 		if tc := gjson.GetBytes(rawJSON, "extra_body.google.thinking_config"); tc.Exists() && tc.IsObject() {
 			var setBudget bool
 			var normalized int
-			if v := tc.Get("thinking_budget"); v.Exists() {
+
+			if v := tc.Get("thinkingBudget"); v.Exists() {
+				normalized = util.NormalizeThinkingBudget(modelName, int(v.Int()))
+				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget", normalized)
+				setBudget = true
+			} else if v := tc.Get("thinking_budget"); v.Exists() {
 				normalized = util.NormalizeThinkingBudget(modelName, int(v.Int()))
 				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget", normalized)
 				setBudget = true
 			}
-			if v := tc.Get("include_thoughts"); v.Exists() {
+
+			if v := tc.Get("includeThoughts"); v.Exists() {
 				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", v.Bool())
-			} else if setBudget {
-				if normalized != 0 {
-					out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", true)
-				}
+			} else if v := tc.Get("include_thoughts"); v.Exists() {
+				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", v.Bool())
+			} else if setBudget && normalized != 0 {
+				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", true)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
+	// For gemini-3-pro-preview, always send default thinkingConfig when none specified.
+	// This matches the official Gemini CLI behavior which always sends:
+	// { thinkingBudget: -1, includeThoughts: true }
+	// See: ai-gemini-cli/packages/core/src/config/defaultModelConfigs.ts
+	if !gjson.GetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig").Exists() && modelName == "gemini-3-pro-preview" {
+		out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget", -1)
+		out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", true)
+	}
+
 	// Temperature/top_p/top_k
 	if tr := gjson.GetBytes(rawJSON, "temperature"); tr.Exists() && tr.Type == gjson.Number {
 		out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "request.generationConfig.temperature", tr.Num)
@@ -233,6 +250,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGeminiCLI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bo
 							fargs := tc.Get("function.arguments").String()
 							node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".functionCall.name", fname)
 							node, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".functionCall.args", []byte(fargs))
+							node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".thoughtSignature", geminiCLIFunctionThoughtSignature)
 							p++
 							if fid != "" {
 								fIDs = append(fIDs, fid)
@@ -277,6 +295,17 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGeminiCLI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bo
 						renamed, errRename := util.RenameKey(fnRaw, "parameters", "parametersJsonSchema")
 						if errRename != nil {
 							log.Warnf("Failed to rename parameters for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errRename)
+							var errSet error
+							fnRaw, errSet = sjson.Set(fnRaw, "parametersJsonSchema.type", "object")
+							if errSet != nil {
+								log.Warnf("Failed to set default schema type for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+								continue
+							}
+							fnRaw, errSet = sjson.Set(fnRaw, "parametersJsonSchema.properties", map[string]interface{}{})
+							if errSet != nil {
+								log.Warnf("Failed to set default schema properties for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+								continue
+							}
 						} else {
 							fnRaw = renamed
 						}

internal/translator/gemini-cli/openai/chat-completions/gemini-cli_openai_response.go

@@ -98,25 +98,40 @@ func ConvertCliResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJ
 	// Process the main content part of the response.
 	partsResult := gjson.GetBytes(rawJSON, "response.candidates.0.content.parts")
 	hasFunctionCall := false
+	hasValidContent := false
 	if partsResult.IsArray() {
 		partResults := partsResult.Array()
 		for i := 0; i < len(partResults); i++ {
 			partResult := partResults[i]
 			partTextResult := partResult.Get("text")
 			functionCallResult := partResult.Get("functionCall")
+			thoughtSignatureResult := partResult.Get("thoughtSignature")
 			inlineDataResult := partResult.Get("inlineData")
 			if !inlineDataResult.Exists() {
 				inlineDataResult = partResult.Get("inline_data")
 			}
 
+			// Handle thoughtSignature - this is encrypted reasoning content that should not be exposed to the client
+			if thoughtSignatureResult.Exists() && thoughtSignatureResult.String() != "" {
+				// Skip thoughtSignature processing - it's internal encrypted data
+				continue
+			}
+
 			if partTextResult.Exists() {
+				textContent := partTextResult.String()
+				// Skip empty text content to avoid generating unnecessary chunks
+				if textContent == "" {
+					continue
+				}
+
 				// Handle text content, distinguishing between regular content and reasoning/thoughts.
 				if partResult.Get("thought").Bool() {
-					template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.reasoning_content", partTextResult.String())
+					template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.reasoning_content", textContent)
 				} else {
-					template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.content", partTextResult.String())
+					template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.content", textContent)
 				}
 				template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.role", "assistant")
+				hasValidContent = true
 			} else if functionCallResult.Exists() {
 				// Handle function call content.
 				hasFunctionCall = true
@@ -176,6 +191,12 @@ func ConvertCliResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJ
 		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.native_finish_reason", "tool_calls")
 	}
 
+	// Only return a chunk if there's actual content or a finish reason
+	finishReason := gjson.GetBytes(rawJSON, "response.candidates.0.finishReason")
+	if !hasValidContent && !finishReason.Exists() {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+
 	return []string{template}
 }
 

internal/translator/gemini/claude/gemini_claude_request.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
+const geminiClaudeThoughtSignature = "skip_thought_signature_validator"
+
 // ConvertClaudeRequestToGemini parses a Claude API request and returns a complete
 // Gemini CLI request body (as JSON bytes) ready to be sent via SendRawMessageStream.
 // All JSON transformations are performed using gjson/sjson.
@@ -82,7 +84,10 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool)
 						functionArgs := contentResult.Get("input").String()
 						var args map[string]any
 						if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(functionArgs), &args); err == nil {
-							clientContent.Parts = append(clientContent.Parts, client.Part{FunctionCall: &client.FunctionCall{Name: functionName, Args: args}})
+							clientContent.Parts = append(clientContent.Parts, client.Part{
+								FunctionCall:     &client.FunctionCall{Name: functionName, Args: args},
+								ThoughtSignature: geminiClaudeThoughtSignature,
+							})
 						}
 					} else if contentTypeResult.Type == gjson.String && contentTypeResult.String() == "tool_result" {
 						toolCallID := contentResult.Get("tool_use_id").String()
@@ -121,6 +126,7 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool)
 				tool, _ := sjson.Delete(toolResult.Raw, "input_schema")
 				tool, _ = sjson.SetRaw(tool, "parametersJsonSchema", inputSchema)
 				tool, _ = sjson.Delete(tool, "strict")
+				tool, _ = sjson.Delete(tool, "input_examples")
 				var toolDeclaration any
 				if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tool), &toolDeclaration); err == nil {
 					tools[0].FunctionDeclarations = append(tools[0].FunctionDeclarations, toolDeclaration)

internal/translator/gemini/openai/chat-completions/gemini_openai_request.go

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
+const geminiFunctionThoughtSignature = "skip_thought_signature_validator"
+
 // ConvertOpenAIRequestToGemini converts an OpenAI Chat Completions request (raw JSON)
 // into a complete Gemini request JSON. All JSON construction uses sjson and lookups use gjson.
 //
@@ -65,18 +67,23 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool)
 		if tc := gjson.GetBytes(rawJSON, "extra_body.google.thinking_config"); tc.Exists() && tc.IsObject() {
 			var setBudget bool
 			var normalized int
-			if v := tc.Get("thinking_budget"); v.Exists() {
-				// Normalize budget to model range
+
+			if v := tc.Get("thinkingBudget"); v.Exists() {
+				normalized = util.NormalizeThinkingBudget(modelName, int(v.Int()))
+				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget", normalized)
+				setBudget = true
+			} else if v := tc.Get("thinking_budget"); v.Exists() {
 				normalized = util.NormalizeThinkingBudget(modelName, int(v.Int()))
 				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget", normalized)
 				setBudget = true
 			}
-			if v := tc.Get("include_thoughts"); v.Exists() {
+
+			if v := tc.Get("includeThoughts"); v.Exists() {
 				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", v.Bool())
-			} else if setBudget {
-				if normalized != 0 {
-					out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", true)
-				}
+			} else if v := tc.Get("include_thoughts"); v.Exists() {
+				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", v.Bool())
+			} else if setBudget && normalized != 0 {
+				out, _ = sjson.SetBytes(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", true)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -154,7 +161,6 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool)
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		fmt.Printf("11111")
 
 		for i := 0; i < len(arr); i++ {
 			m := arr[i]
@@ -260,6 +266,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool)
 							fargs := tc.Get("function.arguments").String()
 							node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".functionCall.name", fname)
 							node, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".functionCall.args", []byte(fargs))
+							node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".thoughtSignature", geminiFunctionThoughtSignature)
 							p++
 							if fid != "" {
 								fIDs = append(fIDs, fid)
@@ -299,8 +306,34 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool)
 			if t.Get("type").String() == "function" {
 				fn := t.Get("function")
 				if fn.Exists() && fn.IsObject() {
-					parametersJsonSchema, _ := util.RenameKey(fn.Raw, "parameters", "parametersJsonSchema")
-					out, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(out, fdPath+".-1", []byte(parametersJsonSchema))
+					fnRaw := fn.Raw
+					if fn.Get("parameters").Exists() {
+						renamed, errRename := util.RenameKey(fnRaw, "parameters", "parametersJsonSchema")
+						if errRename != nil {
+							log.Warnf("Failed to rename parameters for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errRename)
+						} else {
+							fnRaw = renamed
+						}
+					} else {
+						var errSet error
+						fnRaw, errSet = sjson.Set(fnRaw, "parametersJsonSchema.type", "object")
+						if errSet != nil {
+							log.Warnf("Failed to set default schema type for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+							continue
+						}
+						fnRaw, errSet = sjson.Set(fnRaw, "parametersJsonSchema.properties", map[string]interface{}{})
+						if errSet != nil {
+							log.Warnf("Failed to set default schema properties for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+							continue
+						}
+					}
+					fnRaw, _ = sjson.Delete(fnRaw, "strict")
+					tmp, errSet := sjson.SetRawBytes(out, fdPath+".-1", []byte(fnRaw))
+					if errSet != nil {
+						log.Warnf("Failed to append tool declaration for '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+						continue
+					}
+					out = tmp
 				}
 			}
 		}

internal/translator/gemini/openai/responses/gemini_openai-responses_request.go

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
+const geminiResponsesThoughtSignature = "skip_thought_signature_validator"
+
 func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, stream bool) []byte {
 	rawJSON := bytes.Clone(inputRawJSON)
 
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte
 				modelContent := `{"role":"model","parts":[]}`
 				functionCall := `{"functionCall":{"name":"","args":{}}}`
 				functionCall, _ = sjson.Set(functionCall, "functionCall.name", name)
+				functionCall, _ = sjson.Set(functionCall, "thoughtSignature", geminiResponsesThoughtSignature)
 
 				// Parse arguments JSON string and set as args object
 				if arguments != "" {
@@ -156,6 +159,11 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte
 
 			return true
 		})
+	} else if input.Exists() && input.Type == gjson.String {
+		// Simple string input conversion to user message
+		userContent := `{"role":"user","parts":[{"text":""}]}`
+		userContent, _ = sjson.Set(userContent, "parts.0.text", input.String())
+		out, _ = sjson.SetRaw(out, "contents.-1", userContent)
 	}
 
 	// Convert tools to Gemini functionDeclarations format
@@ -286,6 +294,17 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToGemini(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	// For gemini-3-pro-preview, always send default thinkingConfig when none specified.
+	// This matches the official Gemini CLI behavior which always sends:
+	// { thinkingBudget: -1, includeThoughts: true }
+	// See: ai-gemini-cli/packages/core/src/config/defaultModelConfigs.ts
+	if !gjson.Get(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig").Exists() && modelName == "gemini-3-pro-preview" {
+		out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget", -1)
+		out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.include_thoughts", true)
+		// log.Debugf("Applied default thinkingConfig for gemini-3-pro-preview (matches Gemini CLI): thinkingBudget=-1, include_thoughts=true")
+	}
+
 	result := []byte(out)
 	result = common.AttachDefaultSafetySettings(result, "safetySettings")
 	return result

internal/translator/openai/claude/openai_claude_request.go

@@ -133,27 +133,16 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToOpenAI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, stream
 					return true
 				})
 
-				// Create main message if there's text content or tool calls
-				if len(contentItems) > 0 || len(toolCalls) > 0 {
+				// Emit text/image content as one message
+				if len(contentItems) > 0 {
 					msgJSON := `{"role":"","content":""}`
 					msgJSON, _ = sjson.Set(msgJSON, "role", role)
 
-					// Set content
-					if len(contentItems) > 0 {
-						contentArrayJSON := "[]"
-						for _, contentItem := range contentItems {
-							contentArrayJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(contentArrayJSON, "-1", contentItem)
-						}
-						msgJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msgJSON, "content", contentArrayJSON)
-					} else {
-						msgJSON, _ = sjson.Set(msgJSON, "content", "")
-					}
-
-					// Set tool calls for assistant messages
-					if role == "assistant" && len(toolCalls) > 0 {
-						toolCallsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(toolCalls)
-						msgJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msgJSON, "tool_calls", string(toolCallsJSON))
+					contentArrayJSON := "[]"
+					for _, contentItem := range contentItems {
+						contentArrayJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(contentArrayJSON, "-1", contentItem)
 					}
+					msgJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msgJSON, "content", contentArrayJSON)
 
 					contentValue := gjson.Get(msgJSON, "content")
 					hasContent := false
@@ -168,11 +157,19 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToOpenAI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, stream
 						hasContent = contentValue.Raw != "" && contentValue.Raw != "null"
 					}
 
-					if hasContent || len(toolCalls) != 0 {
+					if hasContent {
 						messagesJSON, _ = sjson.Set(messagesJSON, "-1", gjson.Parse(msgJSON).Value())
 					}
 				}
 
+				// Emit tool calls in a separate assistant message
+				if role == "assistant" && len(toolCalls) > 0 {
+					toolCallMsgJSON := `{"role":"assistant","tool_calls":[]}`
+					toolCallsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(toolCalls)
+					toolCallMsgJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(toolCallMsgJSON, "tool_calls", string(toolCallsJSON))
+					messagesJSON, _ = sjson.Set(messagesJSON, "-1", gjson.Parse(toolCallMsgJSON).Value())
+				}
+
 			} else if contentResult.Exists() && contentResult.Type == gjson.String {
 				// Simple string content
 				msgJSON := `{"role":"","content":""}`

internal/translator/openai/claude/openai_claude_response.go

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ type ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams struct {
 	ToolCallsAccumulator map[int]*ToolCallAccumulator
 	// Track if text content block has been started
 	TextContentBlockStarted bool
+	// Track if thinking content block has been started
+	ThinkingContentBlockStarted bool
 	// Track finish reason for later use
 	FinishReason string
 	// Track if content blocks have been stopped
@@ -40,6 +42,16 @@ type ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams struct {
 	MessageDeltaSent bool
 	// Track if message_start has been sent
 	MessageStarted bool
+	// Track if message_stop has been sent
+	MessageStopSent bool
+	// Tool call content block index mapping
+	ToolCallBlockIndexes map[int]int
+	// Index assigned to text content block
+	TextContentBlockIndex int
+	// Index assigned to thinking content block
+	ThinkingContentBlockIndex int
+	// Next available content block index
+	NextContentBlockIndex int
 }
 
 // ToolCallAccumulator holds the state for accumulating tool call data
@@ -64,15 +76,20 @@ type ToolCallAccumulator struct {
 func ConvertOpenAIResponseToClaude(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJSON, requestRawJSON, rawJSON []byte, param *any) []string {
 	if *param == nil {
 		*param = &ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams{
-			MessageID:               "",
-			Model:                   "",
-			CreatedAt:               0,
-			ContentAccumulator:      strings.Builder{},
-			ToolCallsAccumulator:    nil,
-			TextContentBlockStarted: false,
-			FinishReason:            "",
-			ContentBlocksStopped:    false,
-			MessageDeltaSent:        false,
+			MessageID:                   "",
+			Model:                       "",
+			CreatedAt:                   0,
+			ContentAccumulator:          strings.Builder{},
+			ToolCallsAccumulator:        nil,
+			TextContentBlockStarted:     false,
+			ThinkingContentBlockStarted: false,
+			FinishReason:                "",
+			ContentBlocksStopped:        false,
+			MessageDeltaSent:            false,
+			ToolCallBlockIndexes:        make(map[int]int),
+			TextContentBlockIndex:       -1,
+			ThinkingContentBlockIndex:   -1,
+			NextContentBlockIndex:       0,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -138,13 +155,56 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 			// Don't send content_block_start for text here - wait for actual content
 		}
 
+		// Handle reasoning content delta
+		if reasoning := delta.Get("reasoning_content"); reasoning.Exists() {
+			for _, reasoningText := range collectOpenAIReasoningTexts(reasoning) {
+				if reasoningText == "" {
+					continue
+				}
+				stopTextContentBlock(param, &results)
+				if !param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted {
+					if param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex == -1 {
+						param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex = param.NextContentBlockIndex
+						param.NextContentBlockIndex++
+					}
+					contentBlockStart := map[string]interface{}{
+						"type":  "content_block_start",
+						"index": param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex,
+						"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
+							"type":     "thinking",
+							"thinking": "",
+						},
+					}
+					contentBlockStartJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStart)
+					results = append(results, "event: content_block_start\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStartJSON)+"\n\n")
+					param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted = true
+				}
+
+				thinkingDelta := map[string]interface{}{
+					"type":  "content_block_delta",
+					"index": param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex,
+					"delta": map[string]interface{}{
+						"type":     "thinking_delta",
+						"thinking": reasoningText,
+					},
+				}
+				thinkingDeltaJSON, _ := json.Marshal(thinkingDelta)
+				results = append(results, "event: content_block_delta\ndata: "+string(thinkingDeltaJSON)+"\n\n")
+			}
+		}
+
 		// Handle content delta
 		if content := delta.Get("content"); content.Exists() && content.String() != "" {
 			// Send content_block_start for text if not already sent
 			if !param.TextContentBlockStarted {
+				stopThinkingContentBlock(param, &results)
+				if param.TextContentBlockIndex == -1 {
+					param.TextContentBlockIndex = param.NextContentBlockIndex
+					param.NextContentBlockIndex++
+				}
 				contentBlockStart := map[string]interface{}{
 					"type":  "content_block_start",
-					"index": 0,
+					"index": param.TextContentBlockIndex,
 					"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
 						"type": "text",
 						"text": "",
@@ -157,7 +217,7 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 
 			contentDelta := map[string]interface{}{
 				"type":  "content_block_delta",
-				"index": 0,
+				"index": param.TextContentBlockIndex,
 				"delta": map[string]interface{}{
 					"type": "text_delta",
 					"text": content.String(),
@@ -178,6 +238,7 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 
 			toolCalls.ForEach(func(_, toolCall gjson.Result) bool {
 				index := int(toolCall.Get("index").Int())
+				blockIndex := param.toolContentBlockIndex(index)
 
 				// Initialize accumulator if needed
 				if _, exists := param.ToolCallsAccumulator[index]; !exists {
@@ -196,20 +257,14 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 					if name := function.Get("name"); name.Exists() {
 						accumulator.Name = name.String()
 
-						if param.TextContentBlockStarted {
-							param.TextContentBlockStarted = false
-							contentBlockStop := map[string]interface{}{
-								"type":  "content_block_stop",
-								"index": index,
-							}
-							contentBlockStopJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStop)
-							results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStopJSON)+"\n\n")
-						}
+						stopThinkingContentBlock(param, &results)
+
+						stopTextContentBlock(param, &results)
 
 						// Send content_block_start for tool_use
 						contentBlockStart := map[string]interface{}{
 							"type":  "content_block_start",
-							"index": index + 1, // Offset by 1 since text is at index 0
+							"index": blockIndex,
 							"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
 								"type":  "tool_use",
 								"id":    accumulator.ID,
@@ -240,26 +295,32 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 		reason := finishReason.String()
 		param.FinishReason = reason
 
-		// Send content_block_stop for text if text content block was started
-		if param.TextContentBlockStarted && !param.ContentBlocksStopped {
+		// Send content_block_stop for thinking content if needed
+		if param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted {
 			contentBlockStop := map[string]interface{}{
 				"type":  "content_block_stop",
-				"index": 0,
+				"index": param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex,
 			}
 			contentBlockStopJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStop)
 			results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStopJSON)+"\n\n")
+			param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted = false
+			param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex = -1
 		}
 
+		// Send content_block_stop for text if text content block was started
+		stopTextContentBlock(param, &results)
+
 		// Send content_block_stop for any tool calls
 		if !param.ContentBlocksStopped {
 			for index := range param.ToolCallsAccumulator {
 				accumulator := param.ToolCallsAccumulator[index]
+				blockIndex := param.toolContentBlockIndex(index)
 
 				// Send complete input_json_delta with all accumulated arguments
 				if accumulator.Arguments.Len() > 0 {
 					inputDelta := map[string]interface{}{
 						"type":  "content_block_delta",
-						"index": index + 1,
+						"index": blockIndex,
 						"delta": map[string]interface{}{
 							"type":         "input_json_delta",
 							"partial_json": util.FixJSON(accumulator.Arguments.String()),
@@ -271,10 +332,11 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 
 				contentBlockStop := map[string]interface{}{
 					"type":  "content_block_stop",
-					"index": index + 1,
+					"index": blockIndex,
 				}
 				contentBlockStopJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStop)
 				results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStopJSON)+"\n\n")
+				delete(param.ToolCallBlockIndexes, index)
 			}
 			param.ContentBlocksStopped = true
 		}
@@ -284,29 +346,38 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 
 	// Handle usage information separately (this comes in a later chunk)
 	// Only process if usage has actual values (not null)
-	if usage := root.Get("usage"); usage.Exists() && usage.Type != gjson.Null && param.FinishReason != "" {
-		// Check if usage has actual token counts
-		promptTokens := usage.Get("prompt_tokens")
-		completionTokens := usage.Get("completion_tokens")
+	if param.FinishReason != "" {
+		usage := root.Get("usage")
+		var inputTokens, outputTokens int64
+		if usage.Exists() && usage.Type != gjson.Null {
+			// Check if usage has actual token counts
+			promptTokens := usage.Get("prompt_tokens")
+			completionTokens := usage.Get("completion_tokens")
 
-		if promptTokens.Exists() && completionTokens.Exists() {
-			// Send message_delta with usage
-			messageDelta := map[string]interface{}{
-				"type": "message_delta",
-				"delta": map[string]interface{}{
-					"stop_reason":   mapOpenAIFinishReasonToAnthropic(param.FinishReason),
-					"stop_sequence": nil,
-				},
-				"usage": map[string]interface{}{
-					"input_tokens":  promptTokens.Int(),
-					"output_tokens": completionTokens.Int(),
-				},
+			if promptTokens.Exists() && completionTokens.Exists() {
+				inputTokens = promptTokens.Int()
+				outputTokens = completionTokens.Int()
 			}
-
-			messageDeltaJSON, _ := json.Marshal(messageDelta)
-			results = append(results, "event: message_delta\ndata: "+string(messageDeltaJSON)+"\n\n")
-			param.MessageDeltaSent = true
 		}
+		// Send message_delta with usage
+		messageDelta := map[string]interface{}{
+			"type": "message_delta",
+			"delta": map[string]interface{}{
+				"stop_reason":   mapOpenAIFinishReasonToAnthropic(param.FinishReason),
+				"stop_sequence": nil,
+			},
+			"usage": map[string]interface{}{
+				"input_tokens":  inputTokens,
+				"output_tokens": outputTokens,
+			},
+		}
+
+		messageDeltaJSON, _ := json.Marshal(messageDelta)
+		results = append(results, "event: message_delta\ndata: "+string(messageDeltaJSON)+"\n\n")
+		param.MessageDeltaSent = true
+
+		emitMessageStopIfNeeded(param, &results)
+
 	}
 
 	return results
@@ -316,6 +387,49 @@ func convertOpenAIStreamingChunkToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte, param *ConvertOpenAI
 func convertOpenAIDoneToAnthropic(param *ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams) []string {
 	var results []string
 
+	// Ensure all content blocks are stopped before final events
+	if param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted {
+		contentBlockStop := map[string]interface{}{
+			"type":  "content_block_stop",
+			"index": param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex,
+		}
+		contentBlockStopJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStop)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStopJSON)+"\n\n")
+		param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted = false
+		param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex = -1
+	}
+
+	stopTextContentBlock(param, &results)
+
+	if !param.ContentBlocksStopped {
+		for index := range param.ToolCallsAccumulator {
+			accumulator := param.ToolCallsAccumulator[index]
+			blockIndex := param.toolContentBlockIndex(index)
+
+			if accumulator.Arguments.Len() > 0 {
+				inputDelta := map[string]interface{}{
+					"type":  "content_block_delta",
+					"index": blockIndex,
+					"delta": map[string]interface{}{
+						"type":         "input_json_delta",
+						"partial_json": util.FixJSON(accumulator.Arguments.String()),
+					},
+				}
+				inputDeltaJSON, _ := json.Marshal(inputDelta)
+				results = append(results, "event: content_block_delta\ndata: "+string(inputDeltaJSON)+"\n\n")
+			}
+
+			contentBlockStop := map[string]interface{}{
+				"type":  "content_block_stop",
+				"index": blockIndex,
+			}
+			contentBlockStopJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStop)
+			results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStopJSON)+"\n\n")
+			delete(param.ToolCallBlockIndexes, index)
+		}
+		param.ContentBlocksStopped = true
+	}
+
 	// If we haven't sent message_delta yet (no usage info was received), send it now
 	if param.FinishReason != "" && !param.MessageDeltaSent {
 		messageDelta := map[string]interface{}{
@@ -331,8 +445,7 @@ func convertOpenAIDoneToAnthropic(param *ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams)
 		param.MessageDeltaSent = true
 	}
 
-	// Send message_stop
-	results = append(results, "event: message_stop\ndata: {\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n")
+	emitMessageStopIfNeeded(param, &results)
 
 	return results
 }
@@ -361,6 +474,18 @@ func convertOpenAINonStreamingToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte) []string {
 
 	if choices := root.Get("choices"); choices.Exists() && choices.IsArray() {
 		choice := choices.Array()[0] // Take first choice
+		reasoningNode := choice.Get("message.reasoning_content")
+		allReasoning := collectOpenAIReasoningTexts(reasoningNode)
+
+		for _, reasoningText := range allReasoning {
+			if reasoningText == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			contentBlocks = append(contentBlocks, map[string]interface{}{
+				"type":     "thinking",
+				"thinking": reasoningText,
+			})
+		}
 
 		// Handle text content
 		if content := choice.Get("message.content"); content.Exists() && content.String() != "" {
@@ -412,6 +537,17 @@ func convertOpenAINonStreamingToAnthropic(rawJSON []byte) []string {
 		response["usage"] = map[string]interface{}{
 			"input_tokens":  usage.Get("prompt_tokens").Int(),
 			"output_tokens": usage.Get("completion_tokens").Int(),
+			"reasoning_tokens": func() int64 {
+				if v := usage.Get("completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens"); v.Exists() {
+					return v.Int()
+				}
+				return 0
+			}(),
+		}
+	} else {
+		response["usage"] = map[string]interface{}{
+			"input_tokens":  0,
+			"output_tokens": 0,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -437,6 +573,84 @@ func mapOpenAIFinishReasonToAnthropic(openAIReason string) string {
 	}
 }
 
+func (p *ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams) toolContentBlockIndex(openAIToolIndex int) int {
+	if idx, ok := p.ToolCallBlockIndexes[openAIToolIndex]; ok {
+		return idx
+	}
+	idx := p.NextContentBlockIndex
+	p.NextContentBlockIndex++
+	p.ToolCallBlockIndexes[openAIToolIndex] = idx
+	return idx
+}
+
+func collectOpenAIReasoningTexts(node gjson.Result) []string {
+	var texts []string
+	if !node.Exists() {
+		return texts
+	}
+
+	if node.IsArray() {
+		node.ForEach(func(_, value gjson.Result) bool {
+			texts = append(texts, collectOpenAIReasoningTexts(value)...)
+			return true
+		})
+		return texts
+	}
+
+	switch node.Type {
+	case gjson.String:
+		if text := strings.TrimSpace(node.String()); text != "" {
+			texts = append(texts, text)
+		}
+	case gjson.JSON:
+		if text := node.Get("text"); text.Exists() {
+			if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(text.String()); trimmed != "" {
+				texts = append(texts, trimmed)
+			}
+		} else if raw := strings.TrimSpace(node.Raw); raw != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "{") && !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "[") {
+			texts = append(texts, raw)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return texts
+}
+
+func stopThinkingContentBlock(param *ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams, results *[]string) {
+	if !param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted {
+		return
+	}
+	contentBlockStop := map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  "content_block_stop",
+		"index": param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex,
+	}
+	contentBlockStopJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStop)
+	*results = append(*results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStopJSON)+"\n\n")
+	param.ThinkingContentBlockStarted = false
+	param.ThinkingContentBlockIndex = -1
+}
+
+func emitMessageStopIfNeeded(param *ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams, results *[]string) {
+	if param.MessageStopSent {
+		return
+	}
+	*results = append(*results, "event: message_stop\ndata: {\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n")
+	param.MessageStopSent = true
+}
+
+func stopTextContentBlock(param *ConvertOpenAIResponseToAnthropicParams, results *[]string) {
+	if !param.TextContentBlockStarted {
+		return
+	}
+	contentBlockStop := map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  "content_block_stop",
+		"index": param.TextContentBlockIndex,
+	}
+	contentBlockStopJSON, _ := json.Marshal(contentBlockStop)
+	*results = append(*results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(contentBlockStopJSON)+"\n\n")
+	param.TextContentBlockStarted = false
+	param.TextContentBlockIndex = -1
+}
+
 // ConvertOpenAIResponseToClaudeNonStream converts a non-streaming OpenAI response to a non-streaming Anthropic response.
 //
 // Parameters:
@@ -564,6 +778,18 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToClaudeNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, origina
 				}
 			}
 
+			if reasoning := message.Get("reasoning_content"); reasoning.Exists() {
+				for _, reasoningText := range collectOpenAIReasoningTexts(reasoning) {
+					if reasoningText == "" {
+						continue
+					}
+					contentBlocks = append(contentBlocks, map[string]interface{}{
+						"type":     "thinking",
+						"thinking": reasoningText,
+					})
+				}
+			}
+
 			if toolCalls := message.Get("tool_calls"); toolCalls.Exists() && toolCalls.IsArray() {
 				toolCalls.ForEach(func(_, toolCall gjson.Result) bool {
 					hasToolCall = true
@@ -601,6 +827,8 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToClaudeNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, origina
 		usageJSON, _ = sjson.Set(usageJSON, "output_tokens", respUsage.Get("completion_tokens").Int())
 		parsedUsage := gjson.Parse(usageJSON).Value().(map[string]interface{})
 		response["usage"] = parsedUsage
+	} else {
+		response["usage"] = `{"input_tokens":0,"output_tokens":0}`
 	}
 
 	if response["stop_reason"] == nil {

internal/translator/openai/gemini/openai_gemini_request.go

@@ -85,6 +85,58 @@ func ConvertGeminiRequestToOpenAI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, stream
 	var openAIMessages []interface{}
 	var toolCallIDs []string // Track tool call IDs for matching with tool results
 
+	// System instruction -> OpenAI system message
+	// Gemini may provide `systemInstruction` or `system_instruction`; support both keys.
+	systemInstruction := root.Get("systemInstruction")
+	if !systemInstruction.Exists() {
+		systemInstruction = root.Get("system_instruction")
+	}
+	if systemInstruction.Exists() {
+		parts := systemInstruction.Get("parts")
+		msg := map[string]interface{}{
+			"role":    "system",
+			"content": []interface{}{},
+		}
+
+		var aggregatedParts []interface{}
+
+		if parts.Exists() && parts.IsArray() {
+			parts.ForEach(func(_, part gjson.Result) bool {
+				// Handle text parts
+				if text := part.Get("text"); text.Exists() {
+					formattedText := text.String()
+					aggregatedParts = append(aggregatedParts, map[string]interface{}{
+						"type": "text",
+						"text": formattedText,
+					})
+				}
+
+				// Handle inline data (e.g., images)
+				if inlineData := part.Get("inlineData"); inlineData.Exists() {
+					mimeType := inlineData.Get("mimeType").String()
+					if mimeType == "" {
+						mimeType = "application/octet-stream"
+					}
+					data := inlineData.Get("data").String()
+					imageURL := fmt.Sprintf("data:%s;base64,%s", mimeType, data)
+
+					aggregatedParts = append(aggregatedParts, map[string]interface{}{
+						"type": "image_url",
+						"image_url": map[string]interface{}{
+							"url": imageURL,
+						},
+					})
+				}
+				return true
+			})
+		}
+
+		if len(aggregatedParts) > 0 {
+			msg["content"] = aggregatedParts
+			openAIMessages = append(openAIMessages, msg)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if contents := root.Get("contents"); contents.Exists() && contents.IsArray() {
 		contents.ForEach(func(_, content gjson.Result) bool {
 			role := content.Get("role").String()

internal/translator/openai/gemini/openai_gemini_response.go

@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGemini(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestR
 					"candidatesTokenCount": usage.Get("completion_tokens").Int(),
 					"totalTokenCount":      usage.Get("total_tokens").Int(),
 				}
+				if reasoningTokens := reasoningTokensFromUsage(usage); reasoningTokens > 0 {
+					usageObj["thoughtsTokenCount"] = reasoningTokens
+				}
 				template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usageMetadata", usageObj)
 				return []string{template}
 			}
@@ -108,6 +111,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGemini(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestR
 
 			_ = int(choice.Get("index").Int()) // choiceIdx not used in streaming
 			delta := choice.Get("delta")
+			baseTemplate := template
 
 			// Handle role (only in first chunk)
 			if role := delta.Get("role"); role.Exists() && (*param).(*ConvertOpenAIResponseToGeminiParams).IsFirstChunk {
@@ -120,6 +124,26 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGemini(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestR
 				return true
 			}
 
+			var chunkOutputs []string
+
+			// Handle reasoning/thinking delta
+			if reasoning := delta.Get("reasoning_content"); reasoning.Exists() {
+				for _, reasoningText := range extractReasoningTexts(reasoning) {
+					if reasoningText == "" {
+						continue
+					}
+					reasoningTemplate := baseTemplate
+					parts := []interface{}{
+						map[string]interface{}{
+							"thought": true,
+							"text":    reasoningText,
+						},
+					}
+					reasoningTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(reasoningTemplate, "candidates.0.content.parts", parts)
+					chunkOutputs = append(chunkOutputs, reasoningTemplate)
+				}
+			}
+
 			// Handle content delta
 			if content := delta.Get("content"); content.Exists() && content.String() != "" {
 				contentText := content.String()
@@ -131,8 +155,13 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGemini(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestR
 						"text": contentText,
 					},
 				}
-				template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "candidates.0.content.parts", parts)
-				results = append(results, template)
+				contentTemplate := baseTemplate
+				contentTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(contentTemplate, "candidates.0.content.parts", parts)
+				chunkOutputs = append(chunkOutputs, contentTemplate)
+			}
+
+			if len(chunkOutputs) > 0 {
+				results = append(results, chunkOutputs...)
 				return true
 			}
 
@@ -231,6 +260,9 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGemini(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestR
 					"candidatesTokenCount": usage.Get("completion_tokens").Int(),
 					"totalTokenCount":      usage.Get("total_tokens").Int(),
 				}
+				if reasoningTokens := reasoningTokensFromUsage(usage); reasoningTokens > 0 {
+					usageObj["thoughtsTokenCount"] = reasoningTokens
+				}
 				template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usageMetadata", usageObj)
 				results = append(results, template)
 				return true
@@ -549,6 +581,19 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGeminiNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, origina
 
 			var parts []interface{}
 
+			// Handle reasoning content before visible text
+			if reasoning := message.Get("reasoning_content"); reasoning.Exists() {
+				for _, reasoningText := range extractReasoningTexts(reasoning) {
+					if reasoningText == "" {
+						continue
+					}
+					parts = append(parts, map[string]interface{}{
+						"thought": true,
+						"text":    reasoningText,
+					})
+				}
+			}
+
 			// Handle content first
 			if content := message.Get("content"); content.Exists() && content.String() != "" {
 				parts = append(parts, map[string]interface{}{
@@ -605,6 +650,9 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGeminiNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, origina
 			"candidatesTokenCount": usage.Get("completion_tokens").Int(),
 			"totalTokenCount":      usage.Get("total_tokens").Int(),
 		}
+		if reasoningTokens := reasoningTokensFromUsage(usage); reasoningTokens > 0 {
+			usageObj["thoughtsTokenCount"] = reasoningTokens
+		}
 		out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "usageMetadata", usageObj)
 	}
 
@@ -614,3 +662,43 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponseToGeminiNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, origina
 func GeminiTokenCount(ctx context.Context, count int64) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`{"totalTokens":%d,"promptTokensDetails":[{"modality":"TEXT","tokenCount":%d}]}`, count, count)
 }
+
+func reasoningTokensFromUsage(usage gjson.Result) int64 {
+	if usage.Exists() {
+		if v := usage.Get("completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens"); v.Exists() {
+			return v.Int()
+		}
+		if v := usage.Get("output_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens"); v.Exists() {
+			return v.Int()
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func extractReasoningTexts(node gjson.Result) []string {
+	var texts []string
+	if !node.Exists() {
+		return texts
+	}
+
+	if node.IsArray() {
+		node.ForEach(func(_, value gjson.Result) bool {
+			texts = append(texts, extractReasoningTexts(value)...)
+			return true
+		})
+		return texts
+	}
+
+	switch node.Type {
+	case gjson.String:
+		texts = append(texts, node.String())
+	case gjson.JSON:
+		if text := node.Get("text"); text.Exists() {
+			texts = append(texts, text.String())
+		} else if raw := strings.TrimSpace(node.Raw); raw != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "{") && !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "[") {
+			texts = append(texts, raw)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return texts
+}

internal/translator/openai/openai/responses/openai_openai-responses_request.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package responses
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
@@ -147,6 +148,11 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToOpenAIChatCompletions(modelName string, inpu
 
 			return true
 		})
+	} else if input.Type == gjson.String {
+		msg := "{}"
+		msg, _ = sjson.Set(msg, "role", "user")
+		msg, _ = sjson.Set(msg, "content", input.String())
+		out, _ = sjson.SetRaw(out, "messages.-1", msg)
 	}
 
 	// Convert tools from responses format to chat completions format

internal/usage/logger_plugin.go

@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ type modelStats struct {
 type RequestDetail struct {
 	Timestamp time.Time  `json:"timestamp"`
 	Source    string     `json:"source"`
+	AuthIndex uint64     `json:"auth_index"`
 	Tokens    TokenStats `json:"tokens"`
 	Failed    bool       `json:"failed"`
 }
@@ -197,6 +198,7 @@ func (s *RequestStatistics) Record(ctx context.Context, record coreusage.Record)
 	s.updateAPIStats(stats, modelName, RequestDetail{
 		Timestamp: timestamp,
 		Source:    record.Source,
+		AuthIndex: record.AuthIndex,
 		Tokens:    detail,
 		Failed:    failed,
 	})

internal/util/gemini_thinking.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
@@ -62,6 +63,23 @@ func ParseGeminiThinkingSuffix(model string) (string, *int, *bool, bool) {
 	return base, &budgetValue, nil, true
 }
 
+func NormalizeGeminiThinkingModel(modelName string) (string, map[string]any) {
+	baseModel, budget, include, matched := ParseGeminiThinkingSuffix(modelName)
+	if !matched {
+		return baseModel, nil
+	}
+	metadata := map[string]any{
+		GeminiOriginalModelMetadataKey: modelName,
+	}
+	if budget != nil {
+		metadata[GeminiThinkingBudgetMetadataKey] = *budget
+	}
+	if include != nil {
+		metadata[GeminiIncludeThoughtsMetadataKey] = *include
+	}
+	return baseModel, metadata
+}
+
 func ApplyGeminiThinkingConfig(body []byte, budget *int, includeThoughts *bool) []byte {
 	if budget == nil && includeThoughts == nil {
 		return body
@@ -195,3 +213,49 @@ func StripThinkingConfigIfUnsupported(model string, body []byte) []byte {
 	updated, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(updated, "generationConfig.thinkingConfig")
 	return updated
 }
+
+// ConvertThinkingLevelToBudget checks for "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingLevel"
+// and converts it to "thinkingBudget".
+// "high" -> 32768
+// "low" -> 128
+// It removes "thinkingLevel" after conversion.
+func ConvertThinkingLevelToBudget(body []byte) []byte {
+	levelPath := "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingLevel"
+	res := gjson.GetBytes(body, levelPath)
+	if !res.Exists() {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	level := strings.ToLower(res.String())
+	var budget int
+	switch level {
+	case "high":
+		budget = 32768
+	case "low":
+		budget = 128
+	default:
+		// If unknown level, we might just leave it or default.
+		// User only specified high and low. We'll assume we shouldn't touch it if it's something else,
+		// or maybe we should just remove the invalid level?
+		// For safety adhering to strict instructions: "If high... if low...".
+		// If it's something else, the upstream might fail anyway if we leave it,
+		// but let's just delete the level if we processed it.
+		// Actually, let's check if we need to do anything for other values.
+		// For now, only handle high/low.
+		return body
+	}
+
+	// Set budget
+	budgetPath := "generationConfig.thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget"
+	updated, err := sjson.SetBytes(body, budgetPath, budget)
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+
+	// Remove level
+	updated, err = sjson.DeleteBytes(updated, levelPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return body
+	}
+	return updated
+}

internal/util/header_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs applies user-defined headers stored in the provided attributes map.
+// Custom headers override built-in defaults when conflicts occur.
+func ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(r *http.Request, attrs map[string]string) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	applyCustomHeaders(r, extractCustomHeaders(attrs))
+}
+
+func extractCustomHeaders(attrs map[string]string) map[string]string {
+	if len(attrs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	headers := make(map[string]string)
+	for k, v := range attrs {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, "header:") {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(k, "header:"))
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		val := strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		if val == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		headers[name] = val
+	}
+	if len(headers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return headers
+}
+
+func applyCustomHeaders(r *http.Request, headers map[string]string) {
+	if r == nil || len(headers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for k, v := range headers {
+		if k == "" || v == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		r.Header.Set(k, v)
+	}
+}

internal/util/provider.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/registry"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 // GetProviderName determines all AI service providers capable of serving a registered model.
@@ -59,6 +60,30 @@ func GetProviderName(modelName string) []string {
 	return providers
 }
 
+// ResolveAutoModel resolves the "auto" model name to an actual available model.
+// It uses an empty handler type to get any available model from the registry.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - modelName: The model name to check (should be "auto")
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - string: The resolved model name, or the original if not "auto" or resolution fails
+func ResolveAutoModel(modelName string) string {
+	if modelName != "auto" {
+		return modelName
+	}
+
+	// Use empty string as handler type to get any available model
+	firstModel, err := registry.GetGlobalRegistry().GetFirstAvailableModel("")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to resolve 'auto' model: %v, falling back to original model name", err)
+		return modelName
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Resolved 'auto' model to: %s", firstModel)
+	return firstModel
+}
+
 // IsOpenAICompatibilityAlias checks if the given model name is an alias
 // configured for OpenAI compatibility routing.
 //

internal/watcher/watcher.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/runtime/geminicli"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
@@ -41,24 +42,26 @@ type authDirProvider interface {
 
 // Watcher manages file watching for configuration and authentication files
 type Watcher struct {
-	configPath      string
-	authDir         string
-	config          *config.Config
-	clientsMutex    sync.RWMutex
-	reloadCallback  func(*config.Config)
-	watcher         *fsnotify.Watcher
-	lastAuthHashes  map[string]string
-	lastConfigHash  string
-	authQueue       chan<- AuthUpdate
-	currentAuths    map[string]*coreauth.Auth
-	dispatchMu      sync.Mutex
-	dispatchCond    *sync.Cond
-	pendingUpdates  map[string]AuthUpdate
-	pendingOrder    []string
-	dispatchCancel  context.CancelFunc
-	storePersister  storePersister
-	mirroredAuthDir string
-	oldConfigYaml   []byte
+	configPath        string
+	authDir           string
+	config            *config.Config
+	clientsMutex      sync.RWMutex
+	configReloadMu    sync.Mutex
+	configReloadTimer *time.Timer
+	reloadCallback    func(*config.Config)
+	watcher           *fsnotify.Watcher
+	lastAuthHashes    map[string]string
+	lastConfigHash    string
+	authQueue         chan<- AuthUpdate
+	currentAuths      map[string]*coreauth.Auth
+	dispatchMu        sync.Mutex
+	dispatchCond      *sync.Cond
+	pendingUpdates    map[string]AuthUpdate
+	pendingOrder      []string
+	dispatchCancel    context.CancelFunc
+	storePersister    storePersister
+	mirroredAuthDir   string
+	oldConfigYaml     []byte
 }
 
 type stableIDGenerator struct {
@@ -113,7 +116,8 @@ type AuthUpdate struct {
 const (
 	// replaceCheckDelay is a short delay to allow atomic replace (rename) to settle
 	// before deciding whether a Remove event indicates a real deletion.
-	replaceCheckDelay = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	replaceCheckDelay    = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	configReloadDebounce = 150 * time.Millisecond
 )
 
 // NewWatcher creates a new file watcher instance
@@ -172,9 +176,19 @@ func (w *Watcher) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 // Stop stops the file watcher
 func (w *Watcher) Stop() error {
 	w.stopDispatch()
+	w.stopConfigReloadTimer()
 	return w.watcher.Close()
 }
 
+func (w *Watcher) stopConfigReloadTimer() {
+	w.configReloadMu.Lock()
+	if w.configReloadTimer != nil {
+		w.configReloadTimer.Stop()
+		w.configReloadTimer = nil
+	}
+	w.configReloadMu.Unlock()
+}
+
 // SetConfig updates the current configuration
 func (w *Watcher) SetConfig(cfg *config.Config) {
 	w.clientsMutex.Lock()
@@ -463,8 +477,10 @@ func (w *Watcher) processEvents(ctx context.Context) {
 // handleEvent processes individual file system events
 func (w *Watcher) handleEvent(event fsnotify.Event) {
 	// Filter only relevant events: config file or auth-dir JSON files.
-	isConfigEvent := event.Name == w.configPath && (event.Op&fsnotify.Write == fsnotify.Write || event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Create)
-	isAuthJSON := strings.HasPrefix(event.Name, w.authDir) && strings.HasSuffix(event.Name, ".json")
+	configOps := fsnotify.Write | fsnotify.Create | fsnotify.Rename
+	isConfigEvent := event.Name == w.configPath && event.Op&configOps != 0
+	authOps := fsnotify.Create | fsnotify.Write | fsnotify.Remove | fsnotify.Rename
+	isAuthJSON := strings.HasPrefix(event.Name, w.authDir) && strings.HasSuffix(event.Name, ".json") && event.Op&authOps != 0
 	if !isConfigEvent && !isAuthJSON {
 		// Ignore unrelated files (e.g., cookie snapshots *.cookie) and other noise.
 		return
@@ -476,57 +492,76 @@ func (w *Watcher) handleEvent(event fsnotify.Event) {
 	// Handle config file changes
 	if isConfigEvent {
 		log.Debugf("config file change details - operation: %s, timestamp: %s", event.Op.String(), now.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05.000"))
-		data, err := os.ReadFile(w.configPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to read config file for hash check: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-		if len(data) == 0 {
-			log.Debugf("ignoring empty config file write event")
-			return
-		}
-		sum := sha256.Sum256(data)
-		newHash := hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
-
-		w.clientsMutex.RLock()
-		currentHash := w.lastConfigHash
-		w.clientsMutex.RUnlock()
-
-		if currentHash != "" && currentHash == newHash {
-			log.Debugf("config file content unchanged (hash match), skipping reload")
-			return
-		}
-		fmt.Printf("config file changed, reloading: %s\n", w.configPath)
-		if w.reloadConfig() {
-			finalHash := newHash
-			if updatedData, errRead := os.ReadFile(w.configPath); errRead == nil && len(updatedData) > 0 {
-				sumUpdated := sha256.Sum256(updatedData)
-				finalHash = hex.EncodeToString(sumUpdated[:])
-			} else if errRead != nil {
-				log.WithError(errRead).Debug("failed to compute updated config hash after reload")
-			}
-			w.clientsMutex.Lock()
-			w.lastConfigHash = finalHash
-			w.clientsMutex.Unlock()
-			w.persistConfigAsync()
-		}
+		w.scheduleConfigReload()
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Handle auth directory changes incrementally (.json only)
 	fmt.Printf("auth file changed (%s): %s, processing incrementally\n", event.Op.String(), filepath.Base(event.Name))
-	if event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Create || event.Op&fsnotify.Write == fsnotify.Write {
-		w.addOrUpdateClient(event.Name)
-	} else if event.Op&fsnotify.Remove == fsnotify.Remove {
-		// Atomic replace on some platforms may surface as Remove+Create for the target path.
-		// Wait briefly; if the file exists again, treat as update instead of removal.
+	if event.Op&(fsnotify.Remove|fsnotify.Rename) != 0 {
+		// Atomic replace on some platforms may surface as Rename (or Remove) before the new file is ready.
+		// Wait briefly; if the path exists again, treat as an update instead of removal.
 		time.Sleep(replaceCheckDelay)
 		if _, statErr := os.Stat(event.Name); statErr == nil {
-			// File exists after a short delay; handle as an update.
 			w.addOrUpdateClient(event.Name)
 			return
 		}
 		w.removeClient(event.Name)
+		return
+	}
+	if event.Op&(fsnotify.Create|fsnotify.Write) != 0 {
+		w.addOrUpdateClient(event.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *Watcher) scheduleConfigReload() {
+	w.configReloadMu.Lock()
+	defer w.configReloadMu.Unlock()
+	if w.configReloadTimer != nil {
+		w.configReloadTimer.Stop()
+	}
+	w.configReloadTimer = time.AfterFunc(configReloadDebounce, func() {
+		w.configReloadMu.Lock()
+		w.configReloadTimer = nil
+		w.configReloadMu.Unlock()
+		w.reloadConfigIfChanged()
+	})
+}
+
+func (w *Watcher) reloadConfigIfChanged() {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(w.configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to read config file for hash check: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		log.Debugf("ignoring empty config file write event")
+		return
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256(data)
+	newHash := hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+
+	w.clientsMutex.RLock()
+	currentHash := w.lastConfigHash
+	w.clientsMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	if currentHash != "" && currentHash == newHash {
+		log.Debugf("config file content unchanged (hash match), skipping reload")
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("config file changed, reloading: %s\n", w.configPath)
+	if w.reloadConfig() {
+		finalHash := newHash
+		if updatedData, errRead := os.ReadFile(w.configPath); errRead == nil && len(updatedData) > 0 {
+			sumUpdated := sha256.Sum256(updatedData)
+			finalHash = hex.EncodeToString(sumUpdated[:])
+		} else if errRead != nil {
+			log.WithError(errRead).Debug("failed to compute updated config hash after reload")
+		}
+		w.clientsMutex.Lock()
+		w.lastConfigHash = finalHash
+		w.clientsMutex.Unlock()
+		w.persistConfigAsync()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -762,16 +797,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) SnapshotCoreAuths() []*coreauth.Auth {
 			if base != "" {
 				attrs["base_url"] = base
 			}
-			if len(entry.Headers) > 0 {
-				for hk, hv := range entry.Headers {
-					key := strings.TrimSpace(hk)
-					val := strings.TrimSpace(hv)
-					if key == "" || val == "" {
-						continue
-					}
-					attrs["header:"+key] = val
-				}
-			}
+			addConfigHeadersToAttrs(entry.Headers, attrs)
 			a := &coreauth.Auth{
 				ID:         id,
 				Provider:   "gemini",
@@ -803,6 +829,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) SnapshotCoreAuths() []*coreauth.Auth {
 			if hash := computeClaudeModelsHash(ck.Models); hash != "" {
 				attrs["models_hash"] = hash
 			}
+			addConfigHeadersToAttrs(ck.Headers, attrs)
 			proxyURL := strings.TrimSpace(ck.ProxyURL)
 			a := &coreauth.Auth{
 				ID:         id,
@@ -831,6 +858,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) SnapshotCoreAuths() []*coreauth.Auth {
 			if ck.BaseURL != "" {
 				attrs["base_url"] = ck.BaseURL
 			}
+			addConfigHeadersToAttrs(ck.Headers, attrs)
 			proxyURL := strings.TrimSpace(ck.ProxyURL)
 			a := &coreauth.Auth{
 				ID:         id,
@@ -873,6 +901,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) SnapshotCoreAuths() []*coreauth.Auth {
 					if hash := computeOpenAICompatModelsHash(compat.Models); hash != "" {
 						attrs["models_hash"] = hash
 					}
+					addConfigHeadersToAttrs(compat.Headers, attrs)
 					a := &coreauth.Auth{
 						ID:         id,
 						Provider:   providerName,
@@ -905,6 +934,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) SnapshotCoreAuths() []*coreauth.Auth {
 					if hash := computeOpenAICompatModelsHash(compat.Models); hash != "" {
 						attrs["models_hash"] = hash
 					}
+					addConfigHeadersToAttrs(compat.Headers, attrs)
 					a := &coreauth.Auth{
 						ID:         id,
 						Provider:   providerName,
@@ -930,6 +960,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) SnapshotCoreAuths() []*coreauth.Auth {
 				if hash := computeOpenAICompatModelsHash(compat.Models); hash != "" {
 					attrs["models_hash"] = hash
 				}
+				addConfigHeadersToAttrs(compat.Headers, attrs)
 				a := &coreauth.Auth{
 					ID:         id,
 					Provider:   providerName,
@@ -999,11 +1030,119 @@ func (w *Watcher) SnapshotCoreAuths() []*coreauth.Auth {
 			CreatedAt: now,
 			UpdatedAt: now,
 		}
+		if provider == "gemini-cli" {
+			if virtuals := synthesizeGeminiVirtualAuths(a, metadata, now); len(virtuals) > 0 {
+				out = append(out, a)
+				out = append(out, virtuals...)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
 		out = append(out, a)
 	}
 	return out
 }
 
+func synthesizeGeminiVirtualAuths(primary *coreauth.Auth, metadata map[string]any, now time.Time) []*coreauth.Auth {
+	if primary == nil || metadata == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	projects := splitGeminiProjectIDs(metadata)
+	if len(projects) <= 1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	email, _ := metadata["email"].(string)
+	shared := geminicli.NewSharedCredential(primary.ID, email, metadata, projects)
+	primary.Disabled = true
+	primary.Status = coreauth.StatusDisabled
+	primary.Runtime = shared
+	if primary.Attributes == nil {
+		primary.Attributes = make(map[string]string)
+	}
+	primary.Attributes["gemini_virtual_primary"] = "true"
+	primary.Attributes["virtual_children"] = strings.Join(projects, ",")
+	source := primary.Attributes["source"]
+	authPath := primary.Attributes["path"]
+	originalProvider := primary.Provider
+	if originalProvider == "" {
+		originalProvider = "gemini-cli"
+	}
+	label := primary.Label
+	if label == "" {
+		label = originalProvider
+	}
+	virtuals := make([]*coreauth.Auth, 0, len(projects))
+	for _, projectID := range projects {
+		attrs := map[string]string{
+			"runtime_only":           "true",
+			"gemini_virtual_parent":  primary.ID,
+			"gemini_virtual_project": projectID,
+		}
+		if source != "" {
+			attrs["source"] = source
+		}
+		if authPath != "" {
+			attrs["path"] = authPath
+		}
+		metadataCopy := map[string]any{
+			"email":             email,
+			"project_id":        projectID,
+			"virtual":           true,
+			"virtual_parent_id": primary.ID,
+			"type":              metadata["type"],
+		}
+		proxy := strings.TrimSpace(primary.ProxyURL)
+		if proxy != "" {
+			metadataCopy["proxy_url"] = proxy
+		}
+		virtual := &coreauth.Auth{
+			ID:         buildGeminiVirtualID(primary.ID, projectID),
+			Provider:   originalProvider,
+			Label:      fmt.Sprintf("%s [%s]", label, projectID),
+			Status:     coreauth.StatusActive,
+			Attributes: attrs,
+			Metadata:   metadataCopy,
+			ProxyURL:   primary.ProxyURL,
+			CreatedAt:  now,
+			UpdatedAt:  now,
+			Runtime:    geminicli.NewVirtualCredential(projectID, shared),
+		}
+		virtuals = append(virtuals, virtual)
+	}
+	return virtuals
+}
+
+func splitGeminiProjectIDs(metadata map[string]any) []string {
+	raw, _ := metadata["project_id"].(string)
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(trimmed, ",")
+	result := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(parts))
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		id := strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[id]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[id] = struct{}{}
+		result = append(result, id)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func buildGeminiVirtualID(baseID, projectID string) string {
+	project := strings.TrimSpace(projectID)
+	if project == "" {
+		project = "project"
+	}
+	replacer := strings.NewReplacer("/", "_", "\\", "_", " ", "_")
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s::%s", baseID, replacer.Replace(project))
+}
+
 // buildCombinedClientMap merges file-based clients with API key clients from the cache.
 // buildCombinedClientMap removed
 
@@ -1131,13 +1270,16 @@ func describeOpenAICompatibilityUpdate(oldEntry, newEntry config.OpenAICompatibi
 	newKeyCount := countAPIKeys(newEntry)
 	oldModelCount := countOpenAIModels(oldEntry.Models)
 	newModelCount := countOpenAIModels(newEntry.Models)
-	details := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	details := make([]string, 0, 3)
 	if oldKeyCount != newKeyCount {
 		details = append(details, fmt.Sprintf("api-keys %d -> %d", oldKeyCount, newKeyCount))
 	}
 	if oldModelCount != newModelCount {
 		details = append(details, fmt.Sprintf("models %d -> %d", oldModelCount, newModelCount))
 	}
+	if !equalStringMap(oldEntry.Headers, newEntry.Headers) {
+		details = append(details, "headers updated")
+	}
 	if len(details) == 0 {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -1303,6 +1445,9 @@ func buildConfigChangeDetails(oldCfg, newCfg *config.Config) []string {
 			if strings.TrimSpace(o.APIKey) != strings.TrimSpace(n.APIKey) {
 				changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("claude[%d].api-key: updated", i))
 			}
+			if !equalStringMap(o.Headers, n.Headers) {
+				changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("claude[%d].headers: updated", i))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1325,6 +1470,9 @@ func buildConfigChangeDetails(oldCfg, newCfg *config.Config) []string {
 			if strings.TrimSpace(o.APIKey) != strings.TrimSpace(n.APIKey) {
 				changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("codex[%d].api-key: updated", i))
 			}
+			if !equalStringMap(o.Headers, n.Headers) {
+				changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("codex[%d].headers: updated", i))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1357,6 +1505,20 @@ func buildConfigChangeDetails(oldCfg, newCfg *config.Config) []string {
 	return changes
 }
 
+func addConfigHeadersToAttrs(headers map[string]string, attrs map[string]string) {
+	if len(headers) == 0 || attrs == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for hk, hv := range headers {
+		key := strings.TrimSpace(hk)
+		val := strings.TrimSpace(hv)
+		if key == "" || val == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		attrs["header:"+key] = val
+	}
+}
+
 func trimStrings(in []string) []string {
 	out := make([]string, len(in))
 	for i := range in {

sdk/api/handlers/claude/code_handlers.go

@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@ package claude
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/interfaces"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/api/handlers"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
 )
 
@@ -153,6 +157,23 @@ func (h *ClaudeCodeAPIHandler) handleNonStreamingResponse(c *gin.Context, rawJSO
 		cliCancel(errMsg.Error)
 		return
 	}
+
+	// Decompress gzipped responses - Claude API sometimes returns gzip without Content-Encoding header
+	// This fixes title generation and other non-streaming responses that arrive compressed
+	if len(resp) >= 2 && resp[0] == 0x1f && resp[1] == 0x8b {
+		gzReader, err := gzip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(resp))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to decompress gzipped Claude response: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			defer gzReader.Close()
+			if decompressed, err := io.ReadAll(gzReader); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to read decompressed Claude response: %v", err)
+			} else {
+				resp = decompressed
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	_, _ = c.Writer.Write(resp)
 	cliCancel()
 }

sdk/api/handlers/handlers.go

@@ -295,11 +295,14 @@ func (h *BaseAPIHandler) ExecuteStreamWithAuthManager(ctx context.Context, handl
 }
 
 func (h *BaseAPIHandler) getRequestDetails(modelName string) (providers []string, normalizedModel string, metadata map[string]any, err *interfaces.ErrorMessage) {
-	providerName, extractedModelName, isDynamic := h.parseDynamicModel(modelName)
+	// Resolve "auto" model to an actual available model first
+	resolvedModelName := util.ResolveAutoModel(modelName)
+	
+	providerName, extractedModelName, isDynamic := h.parseDynamicModel(resolvedModelName)
 
 	// First, normalize the model name to handle suffixes like "-thinking-128"
 	// This needs to happen before determining the provider for non-dynamic models.
-	normalizedModel, metadata = normalizeModelMetadata(modelName)
+	normalizedModel, metadata = normalizeModelMetadata(resolvedModelName)
 
 	if isDynamic {
 		providers = []string{providerName}
@@ -356,20 +359,7 @@ func cloneBytes(src []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 func normalizeModelMetadata(modelName string) (string, map[string]any) {
-	baseModel, budget, include, matched := util.ParseGeminiThinkingSuffix(modelName)
-	if !matched {
-		return baseModel, nil
-	}
-	metadata := map[string]any{
-		util.GeminiOriginalModelMetadataKey: modelName,
-	}
-	if budget != nil {
-		metadata[util.GeminiThinkingBudgetMetadataKey] = *budget
-	}
-	if include != nil {
-		metadata[util.GeminiIncludeThoughtsMetadataKey] = *include
-	}
-	return baseModel, metadata
+	return util.NormalizeGeminiThinkingModel(modelName)
 }
 
 func cloneMetadata(src map[string]any) map[string]any {

sdk/auth/antigravity.go

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/browser"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	antigravityClientID     = "1071006060591-tmhssin2h21lcre235vtolojh4g403ep.apps.googleusercontent.com"
+	antigravityClientSecret = "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"
+	antigravityCallbackPort = 51121
+)
+
+var antigravityScopes = []string{
+	"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform",
+	"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email",
+	"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile",
+	"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cclog",
+	"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/experimentsandconfigs",
+}
+
+// AntigravityAuthenticator implements OAuth login for the antigravity provider.
+type AntigravityAuthenticator struct{}
+
+// NewAntigravityAuthenticator constructs a new authenticator instance.
+func NewAntigravityAuthenticator() Authenticator { return &AntigravityAuthenticator{} }
+
+// Provider returns the provider key for antigravity.
+func (AntigravityAuthenticator) Provider() string { return "antigravity" }
+
+// RefreshLead instructs the manager to refresh five minutes before expiry.
+func (AntigravityAuthenticator) RefreshLead() *time.Duration {
+	lead := 5 * time.Minute
+	return &lead
+}
+
+// Login launches a local OAuth flow to obtain antigravity tokens and persists them.
+func (AntigravityAuthenticator) Login(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, opts *LoginOptions) (*coreauth.Auth, error) {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cliproxy auth: configuration is required")
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = &LoginOptions{}
+	}
+
+	httpClient := util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, &http.Client{})
+
+	state, err := misc.GenerateRandomState()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("antigravity: failed to generate state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	srv, port, cbChan, errServer := startAntigravityCallbackServer()
+	if errServer != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("antigravity: failed to start callback server: %w", errServer)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		_ = srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx)
+	}()
+
+	redirectURI := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/oauth-callback", port)
+	authURL := buildAntigravityAuthURL(redirectURI, state)
+
+	if !opts.NoBrowser {
+		fmt.Println("Opening browser for antigravity authentication")
+		if !browser.IsAvailable() {
+			log.Warn("No browser available; please open the URL manually")
+			util.PrintSSHTunnelInstructions(port)
+			fmt.Printf("Visit the following URL to continue authentication:\n%s\n", authURL)
+		} else if errOpen := browser.OpenURL(authURL); errOpen != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to open browser automatically: %v", errOpen)
+			util.PrintSSHTunnelInstructions(port)
+			fmt.Printf("Visit the following URL to continue authentication:\n%s\n", authURL)
+		}
+	} else {
+		util.PrintSSHTunnelInstructions(port)
+		fmt.Printf("Visit the following URL to continue authentication:\n%s\n", authURL)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Waiting for antigravity authentication callback...")
+
+	var cbRes callbackResult
+	select {
+	case res := <-cbChan:
+		cbRes = res
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Minute):
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("antigravity: authentication timed out")
+	}
+
+	if cbRes.Error != "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("antigravity: authentication failed: %s", cbRes.Error)
+	}
+	if cbRes.State != state {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("antigravity: invalid state")
+	}
+	if cbRes.Code == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("antigravity: missing authorization code")
+	}
+
+	tokenResp, errToken := exchangeAntigravityCode(ctx, cbRes.Code, redirectURI, httpClient)
+	if errToken != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("antigravity: token exchange failed: %w", errToken)
+	}
+
+	email := ""
+	if tokenResp.AccessToken != "" {
+		if info, errInfo := fetchAntigravityUserInfo(ctx, tokenResp.AccessToken, httpClient); errInfo == nil && strings.TrimSpace(info.Email) != "" {
+			email = strings.TrimSpace(info.Email)
+		}
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	metadata := map[string]any{
+		"type":          "antigravity",
+		"access_token":  tokenResp.AccessToken,
+		"refresh_token": tokenResp.RefreshToken,
+		"expires_in":    tokenResp.ExpiresIn,
+		"timestamp":     now.UnixMilli(),
+		"expired":       now.Add(time.Duration(tokenResp.ExpiresIn) * time.Second).Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}
+	if email != "" {
+		metadata["email"] = email
+	}
+
+	fileName := sanitizeAntigravityFileName(email)
+	label := email
+	if label == "" {
+		label = "antigravity"
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Antigravity authentication successful")
+	return &coreauth.Auth{
+		ID:       fileName,
+		Provider: "antigravity",
+		FileName: fileName,
+		Label:    label,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type callbackResult struct {
+	Code  string
+	Error string
+	State string
+}
+
+func startAntigravityCallbackServer() (*http.Server, int, <-chan callbackResult, error) {
+	addr := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", antigravityCallbackPort)
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, nil, err
+	}
+	port := listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+	resultCh := make(chan callbackResult, 1)
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/oauth-callback", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		q := r.URL.Query()
+		res := callbackResult{
+			Code:  strings.TrimSpace(q.Get("code")),
+			Error: strings.TrimSpace(q.Get("error")),
+			State: strings.TrimSpace(q.Get("state")),
+		}
+		resultCh <- res
+		if res.Code != "" && res.Error == "" {
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("<h1>Login successful</h1><p>You can close this window.</p>"))
+		} else {
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("<h1>Login failed</h1><p>Please check the CLI output.</p>"))
+		}
+	})
+
+	srv := &http.Server{Handler: mux}
+	go func() {
+		if errServe := srv.Serve(listener); errServe != nil && !strings.Contains(errServe.Error(), "Server closed") {
+			log.Warnf("antigravity callback server error: %v", errServe)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return srv, port, resultCh, nil
+}
+
+type antigravityTokenResponse struct {
+	AccessToken  string `json:"access_token"`
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refresh_token"`
+	ExpiresIn    int64  `json:"expires_in"`
+	TokenType    string `json:"token_type"`
+}
+
+func exchangeAntigravityCode(ctx context.Context, code, redirectURI string, httpClient *http.Client) (*antigravityTokenResponse, error) {
+	data := url.Values{}
+	data.Set("code", code)
+	data.Set("client_id", antigravityClientID)
+	data.Set("client_secret", antigravityClientSecret)
+	data.Set("redirect_uri", redirectURI)
+	data.Set("grant_type", "authorization_code")
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token", strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+	resp, errDo := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		return nil, errDo
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("antigravity token exchange: close body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var token antigravityTokenResponse
+	if errDecode := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&token); errDecode != nil {
+		return nil, errDecode
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("oauth token exchange failed: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	return &token, nil
+}
+
+type antigravityUserInfo struct {
+	Email string `json:"email"`
+}
+
+func fetchAntigravityUserInfo(ctx context.Context, accessToken string, httpClient *http.Client) (*antigravityUserInfo, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(accessToken) == "" {
+		return &antigravityUserInfo{}, nil
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/userinfo?alt=json", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+
+	resp, errDo := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if errDo != nil {
+		return nil, errDo
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("antigravity userinfo: close body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		return &antigravityUserInfo{}, nil
+	}
+	var info antigravityUserInfo
+	if errDecode := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&info); errDecode != nil {
+		return nil, errDecode
+	}
+	return &info, nil
+}
+
+func buildAntigravityAuthURL(redirectURI, state string) string {
+	params := url.Values{}
+	params.Set("access_type", "offline")
+	params.Set("client_id", antigravityClientID)
+	params.Set("prompt", "consent")
+	params.Set("redirect_uri", redirectURI)
+	params.Set("response_type", "code")
+	params.Set("scope", strings.Join(antigravityScopes, " "))
+	params.Set("state", state)
+	return "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?" + params.Encode()
+}
+
+func sanitizeAntigravityFileName(email string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(email) == "" {
+		return "antigravity.json"
+	}
+	replacer := strings.NewReplacer("@", "_", ".", "_")
+	return fmt.Sprintf("antigravity-%s.json", replacer.Replace(email))
+}

sdk/auth/refresh_registry.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ func init() {
 	registerRefreshLead("iflow", func() Authenticator { return NewIFlowAuthenticator() })
 	registerRefreshLead("gemini", func() Authenticator { return NewGeminiAuthenticator() })
 	registerRefreshLead("gemini-cli", func() Authenticator { return NewGeminiAuthenticator() })
+	registerRefreshLead("antigravity", func() Authenticator { return NewAntigravityAuthenticator() })
 }
 
 func registerRefreshLead(provider string, factory func() Authenticator) {

sdk/cliproxy/auth/manager.go

@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ type Result struct {
 	Model string
 	// Success marks whether the execution succeeded.
 	Success bool
+	// RetryAfter carries a provider supplied retry hint (e.g. 429 retryDelay).
+	RetryAfter *time.Duration
 	// Error describes the failure when Success is false.
 	Error *Error
 }
@@ -169,6 +171,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Register(ctx context.Context, auth *Auth) (*Auth, error) {
 	if auth == nil {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
+	auth.EnsureIndex()
 	if auth.ID == "" {
 		auth.ID = uuid.NewString()
 	}
@@ -185,6 +188,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Update(ctx context.Context, auth *Auth) (*Auth, error) {
 	if auth == nil || auth.ID == "" {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
+	auth.EnsureIndex()
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	m.auths[auth.ID] = auth.Clone()
 	m.mu.Unlock()
@@ -209,6 +213,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Load(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if auth == nil || auth.ID == "" {
 			continue
 		}
+		auth.EnsureIndex()
 		m.auths[auth.ID] = auth.Clone()
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -322,6 +327,9 @@ func (m *Manager) executeWithProvider(ctx context.Context, provider string, req
 			if errors.As(errExec, &se) && se != nil {
 				result.Error.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
 			}
+			if ra := retryAfterFromError(errExec); ra != nil {
+				result.RetryAfter = ra
+			}
 			m.MarkResult(execCtx, result)
 			lastErr = errExec
 			continue
@@ -367,6 +375,9 @@ func (m *Manager) executeCountWithProvider(ctx context.Context, provider string,
 			if errors.As(errExec, &se) && se != nil {
 				result.Error.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
 			}
+			if ra := retryAfterFromError(errExec); ra != nil {
+				result.RetryAfter = ra
+			}
 			m.MarkResult(execCtx, result)
 			lastErr = errExec
 			continue
@@ -412,6 +423,7 @@ func (m *Manager) executeStreamWithProvider(ctx context.Context, provider string
 				rerr.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
 			}
 			result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: req.Model, Success: false, Error: rerr}
+			result.RetryAfter = retryAfterFromError(errStream)
 			m.MarkResult(execCtx, result)
 			lastErr = errStream
 			continue
@@ -552,18 +564,29 @@ func (m *Manager) MarkResult(ctx context.Context, result Result) {
 					state.NextRetryAfter = next
 					suspendReason = "payment_required"
 					shouldSuspendModel = true
+				case 404:
+					next := now.Add(12 * time.Hour)
+					state.NextRetryAfter = next
+					suspendReason = "not_found"
+					shouldSuspendModel = true
 				case 429:
-					cooldown, nextLevel := nextQuotaCooldown(state.Quota.BackoffLevel)
 					var next time.Time
-					if cooldown > 0 {
-						next = now.Add(cooldown)
+					backoffLevel := state.Quota.BackoffLevel
+					if result.RetryAfter != nil {
+						next = now.Add(*result.RetryAfter)
+					} else {
+						cooldown, nextLevel := nextQuotaCooldown(backoffLevel)
+						if cooldown > 0 {
+							next = now.Add(cooldown)
+						}
+						backoffLevel = nextLevel
 					}
 					state.NextRetryAfter = next
 					state.Quota = QuotaState{
 						Exceeded:      true,
 						Reason:        "quota",
 						NextRecoverAt: next,
-						BackoffLevel:  nextLevel,
+						BackoffLevel:  backoffLevel,
 					}
 					suspendReason = "quota"
 					shouldSuspendModel = true
@@ -579,7 +602,7 @@ func (m *Manager) MarkResult(ctx context.Context, result Result) {
 				auth.UpdatedAt = now
 				updateAggregatedAvailability(auth, now)
 			} else {
-				applyAuthFailureState(auth, result.Error, now)
+				applyAuthFailureState(auth, result.Error, result.RetryAfter, now)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -739,6 +762,25 @@ func cloneError(err *Error) *Error {
 	}
 }
 
+func retryAfterFromError(err error) *time.Duration {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	type retryAfterProvider interface {
+		RetryAfter() *time.Duration
+	}
+	rap, ok := err.(retryAfterProvider)
+	if !ok || rap == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	retryAfter := rap.RetryAfter()
+	if retryAfter == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	val := *retryAfter
+	return &val
+}
+
 func statusCodeFromResult(err *Error) int {
 	if err == nil {
 		return 0
@@ -746,7 +788,7 @@ func statusCodeFromResult(err *Error) int {
 	return err.StatusCode()
 }
 
-func applyAuthFailureState(auth *Auth, resultErr *Error, now time.Time) {
+func applyAuthFailureState(auth *Auth, resultErr *Error, retryAfter *time.Duration, now time.Time) {
 	if auth == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -767,17 +809,24 @@ func applyAuthFailureState(auth *Auth, resultErr *Error, now time.Time) {
 	case 402, 403:
 		auth.StatusMessage = "payment_required"
 		auth.NextRetryAfter = now.Add(30 * time.Minute)
+	case 404:
+		auth.StatusMessage = "not_found"
+		auth.NextRetryAfter = now.Add(12 * time.Hour)
 	case 429:
 		auth.StatusMessage = "quota exhausted"
 		auth.Quota.Exceeded = true
 		auth.Quota.Reason = "quota"
-		cooldown, nextLevel := nextQuotaCooldown(auth.Quota.BackoffLevel)
 		var next time.Time
-		if cooldown > 0 {
-			next = now.Add(cooldown)
+		if retryAfter != nil {
+			next = now.Add(*retryAfter)
+		} else {
+			cooldown, nextLevel := nextQuotaCooldown(auth.Quota.BackoffLevel)
+			if cooldown > 0 {
+				next = now.Add(cooldown)
+			}
+			auth.Quota.BackoffLevel = nextLevel
 		}
 		auth.Quota.NextRecoverAt = next
-		auth.Quota.BackoffLevel = nextLevel
 		auth.NextRetryAfter = next
 	case 408, 500, 502, 503, 504:
 		auth.StatusMessage = "transient upstream error"

sdk/cliproxy/auth/types.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	baseauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth"
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 type Auth struct {
 	// ID uniquely identifies the auth record across restarts.
 	ID string `json:"id"`
+	// Index is a monotonically increasing runtime identifier used for diagnostics.
+	Index uint64 `json:"-"`
 	// Provider is the upstream provider key (e.g. "gemini", "claude").
 	Provider string `json:"provider"`
 	// FileName stores the relative or absolute path of the backing auth file.
@@ -55,6 +58,8 @@ type Auth struct {
 
 	// Runtime carries non-serialisable data used during execution (in-memory only).
 	Runtime any `json:"-"`
+
+	indexAssigned bool `json:"-"`
 }
 
 // QuotaState contains limiter tracking data for a credential.
@@ -87,6 +92,12 @@ type ModelState struct {
 	UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
 }
 
+var authIndexCounter atomic.Uint64
+
+func nextAuthIndex() uint64 {
+	return authIndexCounter.Add(1) - 1
+}
+
 // Clone shallow copies the Auth structure, duplicating maps to avoid accidental mutation.
 func (a *Auth) Clone() *Auth {
 	if a == nil {
@@ -115,6 +126,20 @@ func (a *Auth) Clone() *Auth {
 	return &copyAuth
 }
 
+// EnsureIndex returns the global index, assigning one if it was not set yet.
+func (a *Auth) EnsureIndex() uint64 {
+	if a == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if a.indexAssigned {
+		return a.Index
+	}
+	idx := nextAuthIndex()
+	a.Index = idx
+	a.indexAssigned = true
+	return idx
+}
+
 // Clone duplicates a model state including nested error details.
 func (m *ModelState) Clone() *ModelState {
 	if m == nil {
@@ -152,11 +177,29 @@ func (a *Auth) AccountInfo() (string, string) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if a.Metadata != nil {
-		if v, ok := a.Metadata["email"].(string); ok {
-			return "oauth", v
+
+	// For iFlow provider, prioritize OAuth type if email is present
+	if strings.ToLower(a.Provider) == "iflow" {
+		if a.Metadata != nil {
+			if email, ok := a.Metadata["email"].(string); ok {
+				email = strings.TrimSpace(email)
+				if email != "" {
+					return "oauth", email
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	// Check metadata for email first (OAuth-style auth)
+	if a.Metadata != nil {
+		if v, ok := a.Metadata["email"].(string); ok {
+			email := strings.TrimSpace(v)
+			if email != "" {
+				return "oauth", email
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Fall back to API key (API-key auth)
 	if a.Attributes != nil {
 		if v := a.Attributes["api_key"]; v != "" {
 			return "api_key", v
@@ -259,6 +302,7 @@ func parseTimeValue(v any) (time.Time, bool) {
 			time.RFC3339,
 			time.RFC3339Nano,
 			"2006-01-02 15:04:05",
+			"2006-01-02 15:04",
 			"2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00",
 		}
 		for _, layout := range layouts {

sdk/cliproxy/service.go

@@ -305,6 +305,12 @@ func (s *Service) ensureExecutorsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 	if s == nil || a == nil {
 		return
 	}
+	// Skip disabled auth entries when (re)binding executors.
+	// Disabled auths can linger during config reloads (e.g., removed OpenAI-compat entries)
+	// and must not override active provider executors (such as iFlow OAuth accounts).
+	if a.Disabled {
+		return
+	}
 	if compatProviderKey, _, isCompat := openAICompatInfoFromAuth(a); isCompat {
 		if compatProviderKey == "" {
 			compatProviderKey = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(a.Provider))
@@ -318,6 +324,8 @@ func (s *Service) ensureExecutorsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 	switch strings.ToLower(a.Provider) {
 	case "gemini":
 		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewGeminiExecutor(s.cfg))
+	case "vertex":
+		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewGeminiVertexExecutor(s.cfg))
 	case "gemini-cli":
 		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewGeminiCLIExecutor(s.cfg))
 	case "aistudio":
@@ -325,6 +333,8 @@ func (s *Service) ensureExecutorsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 			s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewAIStudioExecutor(s.cfg, a.ID, s.wsGateway))
 		}
 		return
+	case "antigravity":
+		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewAntigravityExecutor(s.cfg))
 	case "claude":
 		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewClaudeExecutor(s.cfg))
 	case "codex":
@@ -596,6 +606,12 @@ func (s *Service) registerModelsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 	if a == nil || a.ID == "" {
 		return
 	}
+	if a.Attributes != nil {
+		if v := strings.TrimSpace(a.Attributes["gemini_virtual_primary"]); strings.EqualFold(v, "true") {
+			GlobalModelRegistry().UnregisterClient(a.ID)
+			return
+		}
+	}
 	// Unregister legacy client ID (if present) to avoid double counting
 	if a.Runtime != nil {
 		if idGetter, ok := a.Runtime.(interface{ GetClientID() string }); ok {
@@ -613,10 +629,17 @@ func (s *Service) registerModelsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 	switch provider {
 	case "gemini":
 		models = registry.GetGeminiModels()
+	case "vertex":
+		// Vertex AI Gemini supports the same model identifiers as Gemini.
+		models = registry.GetGeminiVertexModels()
 	case "gemini-cli":
 		models = registry.GetGeminiCLIModels()
 	case "aistudio":
 		models = registry.GetAIStudioModels()
+	case "antigravity":
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+		models = executor.FetchAntigravityModels(ctx, a, s.cfg)
+		cancel()
 	case "claude":
 		models = registry.GetClaudeModels()
 		if entry := s.resolveConfigClaudeKey(a); entry != nil && len(entry.Models) > 0 {
@@ -738,7 +761,7 @@ func (s *Service) resolveConfigClaudeKey(auth *coreauth.Auth) *config.ClaudeKey
 			continue
 		}
 		if attrKey != "" && strings.EqualFold(cfgKey, attrKey) {
-			if attrBase == "" || cfgBase == "" || strings.EqualFold(cfgBase, attrBase) {
+			if cfgBase == "" || strings.EqualFold(cfgBase, attrBase) {
 				return entry
 			}
 		}

sdk/cliproxy/usage/manager.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ type Record struct {
 	Model       string
 	APIKey      string
 	AuthID      string
+	AuthIndex   uint64
 	Source      string
 	RequestedAt time.Time
 	Failed      bool

sdk/translator/formats.go

@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ const (
 	FormatGemini         Format = "gemini"
 	FormatGeminiCLI      Format = "gemini-cli"
 	FormatCodex          Format = "codex"
+	FormatAntigravity    Format = "antigravity"
 )