fix(translator): improve error handling for function parameters schema transformation

- Added fallback to set default `parametersJsonSchema` when `parameters` key is absent.
- Enhanced logging to capture detailed errors during schema transformation.
- Refined tool declaration appending logic for robustness.

README.md

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ openai-compatibility:
     # api-keys:
     #   - "sk-or-v1-...b780"
     #   - "sk-or-v1-...b781"
-    models: # The models supported by the provider.
+    models: # The models supported by the provider. Or you can use a format such as openrouter://moonshotai/kimi-k2:free to request undefined models
       - name: "moonshotai/kimi-k2:free" # The actual model name.
         alias: "kimi-k2" # The alias used in the API.
 ```

README_CN.md

@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ openai-compatibility:
     # api-keys:
     #   - "sk-or-v1-...b780"
     #   - "sk-or-v1-...b781"
-    models: # 提供商支持的模型。
+    models: # 提供商支持的模型。或者你可以使用类似 openrouter://moonshotai/kimi-k2:free 这样的格式来请求未在这里定义的模型
       - name: "moonshotai/kimi-k2:free" # 实际的模型名称。
         alias: "kimi-k2" # 在API中使用的别名。
 ```

examples/custom-provider/main.go

@@ -146,6 +146,10 @@ func (MyExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipe
 	return ch, nil
 }
 
+func (MyExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipexec.Request, opts clipexec.Options) (clipexec.Response, error) {
+	return clipexec.Response{}, errors.New("not implemented")
+}
+
 func (MyExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth) (*coreauth.Auth, error) {
 	return a, nil
 }

internal/api/server.go

@@ -225,9 +225,13 @@ func NewServer(cfg *config.Config, authManager *auth.Manager, accessManager *sdk
 	envManagementSecret := envAdminPasswordSet && envAdminPassword != ""
 
 	// Create server instance
+	providerNames := make([]string, 0, len(cfg.OpenAICompatibility))
+	for _, p := range cfg.OpenAICompatibility {
+		providerNames = append(providerNames, p.Name)
+	}
 	s := &Server{
 		engine:              engine,
-		handlers:            handlers.NewBaseAPIHandlers(&cfg.SDKConfig, authManager),
+		handlers:            handlers.NewBaseAPIHandlers(&cfg.SDKConfig, authManager, providerNames),
 		cfg:                 cfg,
 		accessManager:       accessManager,
 		requestLogger:       requestLogger,
@@ -823,6 +827,13 @@ func (s *Server) UpdateClients(cfg *config.Config) {
 	managementasset.SetCurrentConfig(cfg)
 	// Save YAML snapshot for next comparison
 	s.oldConfigYaml, _ = yaml.Marshal(cfg)
+
+	providerNames := make([]string, 0, len(cfg.OpenAICompatibility))
+	for _, p := range cfg.OpenAICompatibility {
+		providerNames = append(providerNames, p.Name)
+	}
+	s.handlers.OpenAICompatProviders = providerNames
+
 	s.handlers.UpdateClients(&cfg.SDKConfig)
 
 	if !cfg.RemoteManagement.DisableControlPanel {
@@ -903,5 +914,3 @@ func AuthMiddleware(manager *sdkaccess.Manager) gin.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-// legacy clientsToSlice removed; handlers no longer consume legacy client slices

internal/registry/model_definitions.go

@@ -68,84 +68,8 @@ func GetClaudeModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	}
 }
 
-// GetGeminiModels returns the standard Gemini model definitions
-func GetGeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
-	return []*ModelInfo{
-		{
-			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash",
-			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-			OwnedBy:                    "google",
-			Type:                       "gemini",
-			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash",
-			Version:                    "001",
-			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash",
-			Description:                "Stable version of Gemini 2.5 Flash, our mid-size multimodal model that supports up to 1 million tokens, released in June of 2025.",
-			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
-			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-		},
-		{
-			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-pro",
-			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-			OwnedBy:                    "google",
-			Type:                       "gemini",
-			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-pro",
-			Version:                    "2.5",
-			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Pro",
-			Description:                "Stable release (June 17th, 2025) of Gemini 2.5 Pro",
-			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
-			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-		},
-		{
-			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
-			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-			OwnedBy:                    "google",
-			Type:                       "gemini",
-			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
-			Version:                    "2.5",
-			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite",
-			Description:                "Stable release (June 17th, 2025) of Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite",
-			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
-			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-		},
-		{
-			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview",
-			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-			OwnedBy:                    "google",
-			Type:                       "gemini",
-			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview",
-			Version:                    "2.5",
-			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Image Preview",
-			Description:                "State-of-the-art image generation and editing model.",
-			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-			OutputTokenLimit:           8192,
-			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-		},
-		{
-			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash-image",
-			Object:                     "model",
-			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
-			OwnedBy:                    "google",
-			Type:                       "gemini",
-			Name:                       "models/gemini-2.5-flash-image",
-			Version:                    "2.5",
-			DisplayName:                "Gemini 2.5 Flash Image",
-			Description:                "State-of-the-art image generation and editing model.",
-			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
-			OutputTokenLimit:           8192,
-			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// GetGeminiCLIModels returns the standard Gemini model definitions
-func GetGeminiCLIModels() []*ModelInfo {
+// GeminiModels returns the shared base Gemini model set used by multiple providers.
+func GeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	return []*ModelInfo{
 		{
 			ID:                         "gemini-2.5-flash",
@@ -220,6 +144,63 @@ func GetGeminiCLIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	}
 }
 
+// GetGeminiModels returns the standard Gemini model definitions
+func GetGeminiModels() []*ModelInfo { return GeminiModels() }
+
+// GetGeminiCLIModels returns the standard Gemini model definitions
+func GetGeminiCLIModels() []*ModelInfo { return GeminiModels() }
+
+// GetAIStudioModels returns the Gemini model definitions for AI Studio integrations
+func GetAIStudioModels() []*ModelInfo {
+	models := make([]*ModelInfo, 0, 8)
+	models = append(models, GeminiModels()...)
+	models = append(models,
+		&ModelInfo{
+			ID:                         "gemini-pro-latest",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-pro-latest",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini Pro Latest",
+			Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Pro",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+		},
+		&ModelInfo{
+			ID:                         "gemini-flash-latest",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-flash-latest",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini Flash Latest",
+			Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Flash",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+		},
+		&ModelInfo{
+			ID:                         "gemini-flash-lite-latest",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    time.Now().Unix(),
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-flash-lite-latest",
+			Version:                    "2.5",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini Flash-Lite Latest",
+			Description:                "Latest release of Gemini Flash-Lite",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+		},
+	)
+	return models
+}
+
 // GetOpenAIModels returns the standard OpenAI model definitions
 func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	return []*ModelInfo{
@@ -417,7 +398,6 @@ func GetIFlowModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{ID: "qwen3-vl-plus", DisplayName: "Qwen3-VL-Plus", Description: "Qwen3 multimodal vision-language"},
 		{ID: "qwen3-max-preview", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Max-Preview", Description: "Qwen3 Max preview build"},
 		{ID: "kimi-k2-0905", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2-Instruct-0905", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 instruct 0905"},
-		{ID: "glm-4.5", DisplayName: "GLM-4.5", Description: "Zhipu GLM 4.5 general model"},
 		{ID: "glm-4.6", DisplayName: "GLM-4.6", Description: "Zhipu GLM 4.6 general model"},
 		{ID: "kimi-k2", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 general model"},
 		{ID: "deepseek-v3.2", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp", Description: "DeepSeek V3.2 experimental"},

internal/runtime/executor/aistudio_executor.go

@@ -19,27 +19,27 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
-// AistudioExecutor routes AI Studio requests through a websocket-backed transport.
-type AistudioExecutor struct {
+// AIStudioExecutor routes AI Studio requests through a websocket-backed transport.
+type AIStudioExecutor struct {
 	provider string
 	relay    *wsrelay.Manager
 	cfg      *config.Config
 }
 
-// NewAistudioExecutor constructs a websocket executor for the provider name.
-func NewAistudioExecutor(cfg *config.Config, provider string, relay *wsrelay.Manager) *AistudioExecutor {
-	return &AistudioExecutor{provider: strings.ToLower(provider), relay: relay, cfg: cfg}
+// NewAIStudioExecutor constructs a websocket executor for the provider name.
+func NewAIStudioExecutor(cfg *config.Config, provider string, relay *wsrelay.Manager) *AIStudioExecutor {
+	return &AIStudioExecutor{provider: strings.ToLower(provider), relay: relay, cfg: cfg}
 }
 
-// Identifier returns the provider key served by this executor.
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) Identifier() string { return e.provider }
+// Identifier returns the logical provider key for routing.
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) Identifier() string { return "aistudio" }
 
 // PrepareRequest is a no-op because websocket transport already injects headers.
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) PrepareRequest(_ *http.Request, _ *cliproxyauth.Auth) error {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) PrepareRequest(_ *http.Request, _ *cliproxyauth.Auth) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (resp cliproxyexecutor.Response, err error) {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (resp cliproxyexecutor.Response, err error) {
 	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), req.Model, auth)
 	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
 
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth,
 		Method:    http.MethodPost,
 		Headers:   wsReq.Headers.Clone(),
 		Body:      bytes.Clone(body.payload),
-		Provider:  e.provider,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
 		AuthID:    authID,
 		AuthLabel: authLabel,
 		AuthType:  authType,
 		AuthValue: authValue,
 	})
 
-	wsResp, err := e.relay.NonStream(ctx, e.provider, wsReq)
+	wsResp, err := e.relay.NonStream(ctx, authID, wsReq)
 	if err != nil {
 		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, err)
 		return resp, err
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth,
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
 	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), req.Model, auth)
 	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
 
@@ -118,13 +118,13 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth
 		Method:    http.MethodPost,
 		Headers:   wsReq.Headers.Clone(),
 		Body:      bytes.Clone(body.payload),
-		Provider:  e.provider,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
 		AuthID:    authID,
 		AuthLabel: authLabel,
 		AuthType:  authType,
 		AuthValue: authValue,
 	})
-	wsStream, err := e.relay.Stream(ctx, e.provider, wsReq)
+	wsStream, err := e.relay.Stream(ctx, authID, wsReq)
 	if err != nil {
 		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, err)
 		return nil, err
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth
 			case wsrelay.MessageTypeStreamChunk:
 				if len(event.Payload) > 0 {
 					appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, bytes.Clone(event.Payload))
-					filtered := filterAistudioUsageMetadata(event.Payload)
+					filtered := filterAIStudioUsageMetadata(event.Payload)
 					if detail, ok := parseGeminiStreamUsage(filtered); ok {
 						reporter.publish(ctx, detail)
 					}
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth
 	return stream, nil
 }
 
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
 	_, body, err := e.translateRequest(req, opts, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, err
@@ -215,13 +215,13 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 		Method:    http.MethodPost,
 		Headers:   wsReq.Headers.Clone(),
 		Body:      bytes.Clone(body.payload),
-		Provider:  e.provider,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
 		AuthID:    authID,
 		AuthLabel: authLabel,
 		AuthType:  authType,
 		AuthValue: authValue,
 	})
-	resp, err := e.relay.NonStream(ctx, e.provider, wsReq)
+	resp, err := e.relay.NonStream(ctx, authID, wsReq)
 	if err != nil {
 		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, err)
 		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, err
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated)}, nil
 }
 
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
 	_ = ctx
 	return auth, nil
 }
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ type translatedPayload struct {
 	toFormat sdktranslator.Format
 }
 
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) translateRequest(req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options, stream bool) ([]byte, translatedPayload, error) {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) translateRequest(req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options, stream bool) ([]byte, translatedPayload, error) {
 	from := opts.SourceFormat
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("gemini")
 	payload := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), stream)
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) translateRequest(req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts c
 	return payload, translatedPayload{payload: payload, action: action, toFormat: to}, nil
 }
 
-func (e *AistudioExecutor) buildEndpoint(model, action, alt string) string {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) buildEndpoint(model, action, alt string) string {
 	base := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/models/%s:%s", glEndpoint, glAPIVersion, model, action)
 	if action == "streamGenerateContent" {
 		if alt == "" {
@@ -289,9 +289,9 @@ func (e *AistudioExecutor) buildEndpoint(model, action, alt string) string {
 	return base
 }
 
-// filterAistudioUsageMetadata removes usageMetadata from intermediate SSE events so that
+// filterAIStudioUsageMetadata removes usageMetadata from intermediate SSE events so that
 // only the terminal chunk retains token statistics.
-func filterAistudioUsageMetadata(payload []byte) []byte {
+func filterAIStudioUsageMetadata(payload []byte) []byte {
 	if len(payload) == 0 {
 		return payload
 	}

internal/translator/gemini-cli/openai/chat-completions/gemini-cli_openai_request.go

@@ -250,8 +250,34 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToGeminiCLI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bo
 			if t.Get("type").String() == "function" {
 				fn := t.Get("function")
 				if fn.Exists() && fn.IsObject() {
-					parametersJsonSchema, _ := util.RenameKey(fn.Raw, "parameters", "parametersJsonSchema")
-					out, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(out, fdPath+".-1", []byte(parametersJsonSchema))
+					fnRaw := fn.Raw
+					if fn.Get("parameters").Exists() {
+						renamed, errRename := util.RenameKey(fnRaw, "parameters", "parametersJsonSchema")
+						if errRename != nil {
+							log.Warnf("Failed to rename parameters for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errRename)
+						} else {
+							fnRaw = renamed
+						}
+					} else {
+						var errSet error
+						fnRaw, errSet = sjson.Set(fnRaw, "parametersJsonSchema.type", "object")
+						if errSet != nil {
+							log.Warnf("Failed to set default schema type for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+							continue
+						}
+						fnRaw, errSet = sjson.Set(fnRaw, "parametersJsonSchema.properties", map[string]interface{}{})
+						if errSet != nil {
+							log.Warnf("Failed to set default schema properties for tool '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+							continue
+						}
+					}
+
+					tmp, errSet := sjson.SetRawBytes(out, fdPath+".-1", []byte(fnRaw))
+					if errSet != nil {
+						log.Warnf("Failed to append tool declaration for '%s': %v", fn.Get("name").String(), errSet)
+						continue
+					}
+					out = tmp
 				}
 			}
 		}

internal/translator/openai/openai/chat-completions/openai_openai_request.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package chat_completions
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
 // ConvertOpenAIRequestToOpenAI converts an OpenAI Chat Completions request (raw JSON)
@@ -17,5 +18,14 @@ import (
 // Returns:
 //   - []byte: The transformed request data in Gemini CLI API format
 func ConvertOpenAIRequestToOpenAI(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _ bool) []byte {
-	return bytes.Clone(inputRawJSON)
+	// Update the "model" field in the JSON payload with the provided modelName
+	// The sjson.SetBytes function returns a new byte slice with the updated JSON.
+	updatedJSON, err := sjson.SetBytes(inputRawJSON, "model", modelName)
+	if err != nil {
+		// If there's an error, return the original JSON or handle the error appropriately.
+		// For now, we'll return the original, but in a real scenario, logging or a more robust error
+		// handling mechanism would be needed.
+		return bytes.Clone(inputRawJSON)
+	}
+	return updatedJSON
 }

sdk/api/handlers/handlers.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package handlers
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/interfaces"
@@ -46,6 +47,9 @@ type BaseAPIHandler struct {
 
 	// Cfg holds the current application configuration.
 	Cfg *config.SDKConfig
+
+	// OpenAICompatProviders is a list of provider names for OpenAI compatibility.
+	OpenAICompatProviders []string
 }
 
 // NewBaseAPIHandlers creates a new API handlers instance.
@@ -57,10 +61,11 @@ type BaseAPIHandler struct {
 //
 // Returns:
 //   - *BaseAPIHandler: A new API handlers instance
-func NewBaseAPIHandlers(cfg *config.SDKConfig, authManager *coreauth.Manager) *BaseAPIHandler {
+func NewBaseAPIHandlers(cfg *config.SDKConfig, authManager *coreauth.Manager, openAICompatProviders []string) *BaseAPIHandler {
 	return &BaseAPIHandler{
-		Cfg:         cfg,
-		AuthManager: authManager,
+		Cfg:                   cfg,
+		AuthManager:           authManager,
+		OpenAICompatProviders: openAICompatProviders,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -133,10 +138,9 @@ func (h *BaseAPIHandler) GetContextWithCancel(handler interfaces.APIHandler, c *
 // ExecuteWithAuthManager executes a non-streaming request via the core auth manager.
 // This path is the only supported execution route.
 func (h *BaseAPIHandler) ExecuteWithAuthManager(ctx context.Context, handlerType, modelName string, rawJSON []byte, alt string) ([]byte, *interfaces.ErrorMessage) {
-	normalizedModel, metadata := normalizeModelMetadata(modelName)
-	providers := util.GetProviderName(normalizedModel)
-	if len(providers) == 0 {
-		return nil, &interfaces.ErrorMessage{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, Error: fmt.Errorf("unknown provider for model %s", modelName)}
+	providers, normalizedModel, metadata, errMsg := h.getRequestDetails(modelName)
+	if errMsg != nil {
+		return nil, errMsg
 	}
 	req := coreexecutor.Request{
 		Model:   normalizedModel,
@@ -176,10 +180,9 @@ func (h *BaseAPIHandler) ExecuteWithAuthManager(ctx context.Context, handlerType
 // ExecuteCountWithAuthManager executes a non-streaming request via the core auth manager.
 // This path is the only supported execution route.
 func (h *BaseAPIHandler) ExecuteCountWithAuthManager(ctx context.Context, handlerType, modelName string, rawJSON []byte, alt string) ([]byte, *interfaces.ErrorMessage) {
-	normalizedModel, metadata := normalizeModelMetadata(modelName)
-	providers := util.GetProviderName(normalizedModel)
-	if len(providers) == 0 {
-		return nil, &interfaces.ErrorMessage{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, Error: fmt.Errorf("unknown provider for model %s", modelName)}
+	providers, normalizedModel, metadata, errMsg := h.getRequestDetails(modelName)
+	if errMsg != nil {
+		return nil, errMsg
 	}
 	req := coreexecutor.Request{
 		Model:   normalizedModel,
@@ -219,11 +222,10 @@ func (h *BaseAPIHandler) ExecuteCountWithAuthManager(ctx context.Context, handle
 // ExecuteStreamWithAuthManager executes a streaming request via the core auth manager.
 // This path is the only supported execution route.
 func (h *BaseAPIHandler) ExecuteStreamWithAuthManager(ctx context.Context, handlerType, modelName string, rawJSON []byte, alt string) (<-chan []byte, <-chan *interfaces.ErrorMessage) {
-	normalizedModel, metadata := normalizeModelMetadata(modelName)
-	providers := util.GetProviderName(normalizedModel)
-	if len(providers) == 0 {
+	providers, normalizedModel, metadata, errMsg := h.getRequestDetails(modelName)
+	if errMsg != nil {
 		errChan := make(chan *interfaces.ErrorMessage, 1)
-		errChan <- &interfaces.ErrorMessage{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, Error: fmt.Errorf("unknown provider for model %s", modelName)}
+		errChan <- errMsg
 		close(errChan)
 		return nil, errChan
 	}
@@ -292,6 +294,58 @@ func (h *BaseAPIHandler) ExecuteStreamWithAuthManager(ctx context.Context, handl
 	return dataChan, errChan
 }
 
+func (h *BaseAPIHandler) getRequestDetails(modelName string) (providers []string, normalizedModel string, metadata map[string]any, err *interfaces.ErrorMessage) {
+	providerName, extractedModelName, isDynamic := h.parseDynamicModel(modelName)
+
+	// First, normalize the model name to handle suffixes like "-thinking-128"
+	// This needs to happen before determining the provider for non-dynamic models.
+	normalizedModel, metadata = normalizeModelMetadata(modelName)
+
+	if isDynamic {
+		providers = []string{providerName}
+		// For dynamic models, the extractedModelName is already normalized by parseDynamicModel
+		// so we use it as the final normalizedModel.
+		normalizedModel = extractedModelName
+	} else {
+		// For non-dynamic models, use the normalizedModel to get the provider name.
+		providers = util.GetProviderName(normalizedModel)
+	}
+
+	if len(providers) == 0 {
+		return nil, "", nil, &interfaces.ErrorMessage{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, Error: fmt.Errorf("unknown provider for model %s", modelName)}
+	}
+
+	// If it's a dynamic model, the normalizedModel was already set to extractedModelName.
+	// If it's a non-dynamic model, normalizedModel was set by normalizeModelMetadata.
+	// So, normalizedModel is already correctly set at this point.
+
+	return providers, normalizedModel, metadata, nil
+}
+
+func (h *BaseAPIHandler) parseDynamicModel(modelName string) (providerName, model string, isDynamic bool) {
+	var providerPart, modelPart string
+	for _, sep := range []string{"://"} {
+		if parts := strings.SplitN(modelName, sep, 2); len(parts) == 2 {
+			providerPart = parts[0]
+			modelPart = parts[1]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if providerPart == "" {
+		return "", modelName, false
+	}
+
+	// Check if the provider is a configured openai-compatibility provider
+	for _, pName := range h.OpenAICompatProviders {
+		if pName == providerPart {
+			return providerPart, modelPart, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", modelName, false
+}
+
 func cloneBytes(src []byte) []byte {
 	if len(src) == 0 {
 		return nil

sdk/cliproxy/auth/types.go

@@ -157,15 +157,6 @@ func (a *Auth) AccountInfo() (string, string) {
 			return "oauth", v
 		}
 	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(a.Provider)), "aistudio-") {
-		if label := strings.TrimSpace(a.Label); label != "" {
-			return "oauth", label
-		}
-		if id := strings.TrimSpace(a.ID); id != "" {
-			return "oauth", id
-		}
-		return "oauth", "aistudio"
-	}
 	if a.Attributes != nil {
 		if v := a.Attributes["api_key"]; v != "" {
 			return "api_key", v

sdk/cliproxy/service.go

@@ -194,15 +194,15 @@ func (s *Service) ensureWebsocketGateway() {
 	s.wsGateway = wsrelay.NewManager(opts)
 }
 
-func (s *Service) wsOnConnected(provider string) {
-	if s == nil || provider == "" {
+func (s *Service) wsOnConnected(channelID string) {
+	if s == nil || channelID == "" {
 		return
 	}
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(provider), "aistudio-") {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(channelID), "aistudio-") {
 		return
 	}
 	if s.coreManager != nil {
-		if existing, ok := s.coreManager.GetByID(provider); ok && existing != nil {
+		if existing, ok := s.coreManager.GetByID(channelID); ok && existing != nil {
 			if !existing.Disabled && existing.Status == coreauth.StatusActive {
 				return
 			}
@@ -210,36 +210,33 @@ func (s *Service) wsOnConnected(provider string) {
 	}
 	now := time.Now().UTC()
 	auth := &coreauth.Auth{
-		ID:         provider,
-		Provider:   provider,
-		Label:      provider,
-		Status:     coreauth.StatusActive,
-		CreatedAt:  now,
-		UpdatedAt:  now,
-		Attributes: map[string]string{"ws_provider": "gemini"},
+		ID:        channelID,  // keep channel identifier as ID
+		Provider:  "aistudio", // logical provider for switch routing
+		Label:     channelID,  // display original channel id
+		Status:    coreauth.StatusActive,
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UpdatedAt: now,
+		Metadata:  map[string]any{"email": channelID}, // inject email inline
 	}
-	log.Infof("websocket provider connected: %s", provider)
+	log.Infof("websocket provider connected: %s", channelID)
 	s.applyCoreAuthAddOrUpdate(context.Background(), auth)
 }
 
-func (s *Service) wsOnDisconnected(provider string, reason error) {
-	if s == nil || provider == "" {
+func (s *Service) wsOnDisconnected(channelID string, reason error) {
+	if s == nil || channelID == "" {
 		return
 	}
 	if reason != nil {
 		if strings.Contains(reason.Error(), "replaced by new connection") {
-			log.Infof("websocket provider replaced: %s", provider)
+			log.Infof("websocket provider replaced: %s", channelID)
 			return
 		}
-		log.Warnf("websocket provider disconnected: %s (%v)", provider, reason)
+		log.Warnf("websocket provider disconnected: %s (%v)", channelID, reason)
 	} else {
-		log.Infof("websocket provider disconnected: %s", provider)
+		log.Infof("websocket provider disconnected: %s", channelID)
 	}
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	s.applyCoreAuthRemoval(ctx, provider)
-	if s.coreManager != nil {
-		s.coreManager.UnregisterExecutor(provider)
-	}
+	s.applyCoreAuthRemoval(ctx, channelID)
 }
 
 func (s *Service) applyCoreAuthAddOrUpdate(ctx context.Context, auth *coreauth.Auth) {
@@ -317,17 +314,16 @@ func (s *Service) ensureExecutorsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewOpenAICompatExecutor(compatProviderKey, s.cfg))
 		return
 	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(a.Provider)), "aistudio-") {
-		if s.wsGateway != nil {
-			s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewAistudioExecutor(s.cfg, a.Provider, s.wsGateway))
-		}
-		return
-	}
 	switch strings.ToLower(a.Provider) {
 	case "gemini":
 		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewGeminiExecutor(s.cfg))
 	case "gemini-cli":
 		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewGeminiCLIExecutor(s.cfg))
+	case "aistudio":
+		if s.wsGateway != nil {
+			s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewAIStudioExecutor(s.cfg, a.ID, s.wsGateway))
+		}
+		return
 	case "claude":
 		s.coreManager.RegisterExecutor(executor.NewClaudeExecutor(s.cfg))
 	case "codex":
@@ -609,13 +605,6 @@ func (s *Service) registerModelsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 	}
 	provider := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(a.Provider))
 	compatProviderKey, compatDisplayName, compatDetected := openAICompatInfoFromAuth(a)
-	if a.Attributes != nil {
-		if strings.EqualFold(a.Attributes["ws_provider"], "gemini") {
-			models := mergeGeminiModels()
-			GlobalModelRegistry().RegisterClient(a.ID, provider, models)
-			return
-		}
-	}
 	if compatDetected {
 		provider = "openai-compatibility"
 	}
@@ -625,6 +614,8 @@ func (s *Service) registerModelsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 		models = registry.GetGeminiModels()
 	case "gemini-cli":
 		models = registry.GetGeminiCLIModels()
+	case "aistudio":
+		models = registry.GetAIStudioModels()
 	case "claude":
 		models = registry.GetClaudeModels()
 		if entry := s.resolveConfigClaudeKey(a); entry != nil && len(entry.Models) > 0 {
@@ -726,27 +717,6 @@ func (s *Service) registerModelsForAuth(a *coreauth.Auth) {
 	}
 }
 
-func mergeGeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
-	models := make([]*ModelInfo, 0, 16)
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
-	appendModels := func(items []*ModelInfo) {
-		for i := range items {
-			m := items[i]
-			if m == nil || m.ID == "" {
-				continue
-			}
-			if _, ok := seen[m.ID]; ok {
-				continue
-			}
-			seen[m.ID] = struct{}{}
-			models = append(models, m)
-		}
-	}
-	appendModels(registry.GetGeminiModels())
-	appendModels(registry.GetGeminiCLIModels())
-	return models
-}
-
 func (s *Service) resolveConfigClaudeKey(auth *coreauth.Auth) *config.ClaudeKey {
 	if auth == nil || s.cfg == nil {
 		return nil