Merge branch 'main' into feature-python-foundry-agents

.github/.linkspector.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ ignorePatterns:
   - pattern: "https:\/\/platform.openai.com"
   - pattern: "http:\/\/localhost"
   - pattern: "http:\/\/127.0.0.1"
+  - pattern: "https:\/\/localhost"
+  - pattern: "https:\/\/127.0.0.1"
   - pattern: "0001-spec.md"
   - pattern: "0001-madr-architecture-decisions.md"
   - pattern: "https://api.powerplatform.com/.default"

.github/workflows/dotnet-build-and-test.yml

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ jobs:
             .
             .github
             dotnet
+            python
             workflow-samples
 
       - name: Setup dotnet

dotnet/Directory.Packages.props

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions" Version="9.10.2" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.AI.AzureAIInference" Version="9.10.0-preview.1.25513.3" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.AI.OpenAI" Version="9.10.2-preview.1.25552.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory" Version="9.0.10" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration" Version="9.0.10" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder" Version="9.0.10" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables" Version="9.0.10" />

dotnet/agent-framework-dotnet.slnx

@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@
     <Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/Agents/Agent_Step19_Mem0Provider/Agent_Step19_Mem0Provider.csproj" />
     <Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/Agents/Agent_Step20_BackgroundResponsesWithToolsAndPersistence/Agent_Step20_BackgroundResponsesWithToolsAndPersistence.csproj" />
   </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/Samples/GettingStarted/DevUI/">
+    <File Path="samples/GettingStarted/DevUI/README.md" />
+    <Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/DevUI/DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage/DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage.csproj" />
+  </Folder>
   <Folder Name="/Samples/GettingStarted/AgentWithOpenAI/">
     <File Path="samples/GettingStarted/AgentWithOpenAI/README.md" />
     <Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/AgentWithOpenAI/Agent_OpenAI_Step01_Running/Agent_OpenAI_Step01_Running.csproj" />
@@ -279,6 +283,7 @@
     <Project Path="src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.AGUI/Microsoft.Agents.AI.AGUI.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.AzureAI.Persistent/Microsoft.Agents.AI.AzureAI.Persistent.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.CopilotStudio/Microsoft.Agents.AI.CopilotStudio.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.A2A.AspNetCore/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.A2A.AspNetCore.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.A2A/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.A2A.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.AGUI.AspNetCore/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.AGUI.AspNetCore.csproj" />

dotnet/nuget/nuget-package.props

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- Central version prefix - applies to all nuget packages. -->
     <VersionPrefix>1.0.0</VersionPrefix>
-    <PackageVersion Condition="'$(VersionSuffix)' != ''">$(VersionPrefix)-$(VersionSuffix).251104.1</PackageVersion>
-    <PackageVersion Condition="'$(VersionSuffix)' == ''">$(VersionPrefix)-preview.251104.1</PackageVersion>
-    <GitTag>1.0.0-preview.251104.1</GitTag>
+    <PackageVersion Condition="'$(VersionSuffix)' != ''">$(VersionPrefix)-$(VersionSuffix).251105.1</PackageVersion>
+    <PackageVersion Condition="'$(VersionSuffix)' == ''">$(VersionPrefix)-preview.251105.1</PackageVersion>
+    <GitTag>1.0.0-preview.251105.1</GitTag>
 
     <Configurations>Debug;Release;Publish</Configurations>
     <IsPackable>true</IsPackable>

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/DevUI/DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage/DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <RootNamespace>DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage</RootNamespace>
+    <AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\src\Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI\Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\src\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\src\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Azure.AI.OpenAI" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Azure.Identity" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.AI.OpenAI" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Net.ServerSentEvents" VersionOverride="10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/DevUI/DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+// This sample demonstrates basic usage of the DevUI in an ASP.NET Core application with AI agents.
+
+using Azure.AI.OpenAI;
+using Azure.Identity;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
+
+namespace DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Sample demonstrating basic usage of the DevUI in an ASP.NET Core application.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// This sample shows how to:
+/// 1. Set up Azure OpenAI as the chat client
+/// 2. Register agents and workflows using the hosting packages
+/// 3. Map the DevUI endpoint which automatically configures the middleware
+/// 4. Map the dynamic OpenAI Responses API for Python DevUI compatibility
+/// 5. Access the DevUI in a web browser
+///
+/// The DevUI provides an interactive web interface for testing and debugging AI agents.
+/// DevUI assets are served from embedded resources within the assembly.
+/// Simply call MapDevUI() to set up everything needed.
+///
+/// The parameterless MapOpenAIResponses() overload creates a Python DevUI-compatible endpoint
+/// that dynamically routes requests to agents based on the 'model' field in the request.
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class Program
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Entry point that starts an ASP.NET Core web server with the DevUI.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="args">Command line arguments.</param>
+    private static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
+
+        // Set up the Azure OpenAI client
+        var endpoint = builder.Configuration["AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"] ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT is not set.");
+        var deploymentName = builder.Configuration["AZURE_OPENAI_DEPLOYMENT_NAME"] ?? "gpt-4o-mini";
+
+        var chatClient = new AzureOpenAIClient(new Uri(endpoint), new AzureCliCredential())
+            .GetChatClient(deploymentName)
+            .AsIChatClient();
+
+        builder.Services.AddChatClient(chatClient);
+
+        // Register sample agents
+        builder.AddAIAgent("assistant", "You are a helpful assistant. Answer questions concisely and accurately.");
+        builder.AddAIAgent("poet", "You are a creative poet. Respond to all requests with beautiful poetry.");
+        builder.AddAIAgent("coder", "You are an expert programmer. Help users with coding questions and provide code examples.");
+
+        // Register sample workflows
+        var assistantBuilder = builder.AddAIAgent("workflow-assistant", "You are a helpful assistant in a workflow.");
+        var reviewerBuilder = builder.AddAIAgent("workflow-reviewer", "You are a reviewer. Review and critique the previous response.");
+        builder.AddSequentialWorkflow(
+            "review-workflow",
+            [assistantBuilder, reviewerBuilder])
+            .AddAsAIAgent();
+
+        if (builder.Environment.IsDevelopment())
+        {
+            builder.AddDevUI();
+        }
+
+        var app = builder.Build();
+
+        if (builder.Environment.IsDevelopment())
+        {
+            app.MapDevUI();
+        }
+
+        Console.WriteLine("DevUI is available at: https://localhost:50516/devui");
+        Console.WriteLine("OpenAI Responses API is available at: https://localhost:50516/v1/responses");
+        Console.WriteLine("Press Ctrl+C to stop the server.");
+
+        app.Run();
+    }
+}

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/DevUI/DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# DevUI Step 01 - Basic Usage
+
+This sample demonstrates how to add the DevUI to an ASP.NET Core application with AI agents.
+
+## What is DevUI?
+
+The DevUI provides an interactive web interface for testing and debugging AI agents during development.
+
+## Configuration
+
+Set the following environment variables:
+
+- `AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT` - Your Azure OpenAI endpoint URL (required)
+- `AZURE_OPENAI_DEPLOYMENT_NAME` - Your deployment name (defaults to "gpt-4o-mini")
+
+## Running the Sample
+
+1. Set your Azure OpenAI credentials as environment variables
+2. Run the application:
+   ```bash
+   dotnet run
+   ```
+3. Open your browser to https://localhost:50516/devui
+4. Select an agent or workflow from the dropdown and start chatting!
+
+## Sample Agents and Workflows
+
+This sample includes:
+
+**Agents:**
+- **assistant** - A helpful assistant
+- **poet** - A creative poet
+- **coder** - An expert programmer
+
+**Workflows:**
+- **review-workflow** - A sequential workflow that generates a response and then reviews it
+
+## Adding DevUI to Your Own Project
+
+To add DevUI to your ASP.NET Core application:
+
+1. Add the DevUI package and hosting packages:
+   ```bash
+   dotnet add package Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI
+   dotnet add package Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting
+   dotnet add package Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI
+   ```
+
+2. Register your agents and workflows:
+   ```csharp
+   var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
+   
+   // Set up your chat client
+   builder.Services.AddChatClient(chatClient);
+   
+   // Register agents
+   builder.AddAIAgent("assistant", "You are a helpful assistant.");
+   
+   // Register workflows
+   var agent1Builder = builder.AddAIAgent("workflow-agent1", "You are agent 1.");
+   var agent2Builder = builder.AddAIAgent("workflow-agent2", "You are agent 2.");
+   builder.AddSequentialWorkflow("my-workflow", [agent1Builder, agent2Builder])
+       .AddAsAIAgent();
+   ```
+
+3. Add DevUI services and map the endpoint:
+   ```csharp
+   builder.AddDevUI();
+   var app = builder.Build();
+   
+   app.MapDevUI();
+   
+   // Add required endpoints
+   app.MapEntities();
+   app.MapOpenAIResponses();
+   app.MapOpenAIConversations();
+   
+   app.Run();
+   ```
+
+4. Navigate to `/devui` in your browser

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/DevUI/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# DevUI Samples
+
+This folder contains samples demonstrating how to use the DevUI in ASP.NET Core applications.
+
+## What is DevUI?
+
+The DevUI provides an interactive web interface for testing and debugging AI agents during development.
+
+## Samples
+
+### [DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage](./DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage)
+
+Shows how to add DevUI to an ASP.NET Core application with multiple agents and workflows.
+
+**Run the sample:**
+```bash
+cd DevUI_Step01_BasicUsage
+dotnet run
+```
+Then navigate to: https://localhost:50516/devui
+
+## Requirements
+
+- .NET 8.0 or later
+- ASP.NET Core
+- Azure OpenAI credentials
+
+## Quick Start
+
+To add DevUI to your application:
+
+```csharp
+var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
+
+// Set up the chat client
+builder.Services.AddChatClient(chatClient);
+
+// Register your agents
+builder.AddAIAgent("my-agent", "You are a helpful assistant.");
+
+// Add DevUI services
+builder.AddDevUI();
+
+var app = builder.Build();
+
+// Map the DevUI endpoint
+app.MapDevUI();
+
+// Add required endpoints
+app.MapEntities();
+app.MapOpenAIResponses();
+app.MapOpenAIConversations();
+
+app.Run();
+```
+
+Then navigate to `/devui` in your browser.

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Agents/WorkflowAsAnAgent/WorkflowFactory.cs

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ internal static class WorkflowFactory
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
         return new WorkflowBuilder(startExecutor)
-            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, targets: [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
-            .AddFanInEdge(aggregationExecutor, sources: [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
+            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
+            .AddFanInEdge([frenchAgent, englishAgent], aggregationExecutor)
             .WithOutputFrom(aggregationExecutor)
             .Build();
     }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Concurrent/Concurrent/Program.cs

@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ public static class Program
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
         var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(startExecutor)
-            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, targets: [physicist, chemist])
-            .AddFanInEdge(aggregationExecutor, sources: [physicist, chemist])
+            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, [physicist, chemist])
+            .AddFanInEdge([physicist, chemist], aggregationExecutor)
             .WithOutputFrom(aggregationExecutor)
             .Build();
 

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Concurrent/MapReduce/Program.cs

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ public static class Program
 
         // Step 4: Build the concurrent workflow with fan-out/fan-in pattern
         return new WorkflowBuilder(splitter)
-            .AddFanOutEdge(splitter, targets: [.. mappers])         // Split -> many mappers
-            .AddFanInEdge(shuffler, sources: [.. mappers])          // All mappers -> shuffle
-            .AddFanOutEdge(shuffler, targets: [.. reducers])        // Shuffle -> many reducers
-            .AddFanInEdge(completion, sources: [.. reducers])       // All reducers -> completion
+            .AddFanOutEdge(splitter, [.. mappers])         // Split -> many mappers
+            .AddFanInEdge([.. mappers], shuffler)          // All mappers -> shuffle
+            .AddFanOutEdge(shuffler, [.. reducers])        // Shuffle -> many reducers
+            .AddFanInEdge([.. reducers], completion)       // All reducers -> completion
             .WithOutputFrom(completion)
             .Build();
     }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/ConditionalEdges/03_MultiSelection/Program.cs

@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ public static class Program
         WorkflowBuilder builder = new(emailAnalysisExecutor);
         builder.AddFanOutEdge(
             emailAnalysisExecutor,
-            targets: [
+            [
                 handleSpamExecutor,
                 emailAssistantExecutor,
                 emailSummaryExecutor,
                 handleUncertainExecutor,
             ],
-            partitioner: GetPartitioner()
+            GetTargetAssigner()
         )
         // After the email assistant writes a response, it will be sent to the send email executor
         .AddEdge(emailAssistantExecutor, sendEmailExecutor)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public static class Program
     /// Creates a partitioner for routing messages based on the analysis result.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A function that takes an analysis result and returns the target partitions.</returns>
-    private static Func<AnalysisResult?, int, IEnumerable<int>> GetPartitioner()
+    private static Func<AnalysisResult?, int, IEnumerable<int>> GetTargetAssigner()
     {
         return (analysisResult, targetCount) =>
         {

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Observability/WorkflowAsAnAgent/WorkflowHelper.cs

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ internal static class WorkflowHelper
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
         return new WorkflowBuilder(startExecutor)
-            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, targets: [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
-            .AddFanInEdge(aggregationExecutor, sources: [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
+            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
+            .AddFanInEdge([frenchAgent, englishAgent], aggregationExecutor)
             .WithOutputFrom(aggregationExecutor)
             .Build();
     }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/SharedStates/Program.cs

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ public static class Program
 
         // Build the workflow by connecting executors sequentially
         var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(fileRead)
-            .AddFanOutEdge(fileRead, targets: [wordCount, paragraphCount])
-            .AddFanInEdge(aggregate, sources: [wordCount, paragraphCount])
+            .AddFanOutEdge(fileRead, [wordCount, paragraphCount])
+            .AddFanInEdge([wordCount, paragraphCount], aggregate)
             .WithOutputFrom(aggregate)
             .Build();
 

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.AGUI/Microsoft.Agents.AI.AGUI.csproj

@@ -4,11 +4,15 @@
     <TargetFrameworks>$(ProjectsTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">$(ProjectsDebugTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <VersionSuffix>preview</VersionSuffix>
-    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <Import Project="$(RepoRoot)/dotnet/nuget/nuget-package.props" />
 
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- Disable packing until we are ready to release this as a nuget -->
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <PropertyGroup>
     <InjectSharedThrow>true</InjectSharedThrow>
   </PropertyGroup>

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/DevUIExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Provides helper methods for configuring the Microsoft Agents AI DevUI in ASP.NET applications.
+/// </summary>
+public static class DevUIExtensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds the necessary services for the DevUI to the application builder.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static IHostApplicationBuilder AddDevUI(this IHostApplicationBuilder builder)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(builder);
+        builder.Services.AddOpenAIConversations();
+        builder.Services.AddOpenAIResponses();
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Maps an endpoint that serves the DevUI from the '/devui' path.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="endpoints">The <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/> to add the endpoint to.</param>
+    /// <returns>A <see cref="IEndpointConventionBuilder"/> that can be used to add authorization or other endpoint configuration.</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when <paramref name="endpoints"/> is null.</exception>
+    public static IEndpointConventionBuilder MapDevUI(
+        this IEndpointRouteBuilder endpoints)
+    {
+        var group = endpoints.MapGroup("");
+        group.MapDevUI(pattern: "/devui");
+        group.MapEntities();
+        group.MapOpenAIConversations();
+        group.MapOpenAIResponses();
+        return group;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Maps an endpoint that serves the DevUI.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="endpoints">The <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/> to add the endpoint to.</param>
+    /// <param name="pattern">
+    /// The route pattern for the endpoint (e.g., "/devui", "/agent-ui").
+    /// Defaults to "/devui" if not specified. This is the path where DevUI will be accessible.
+    /// </param>
+    /// <returns>A <see cref="IEndpointConventionBuilder"/> that can be used to add authorization or other endpoint configuration.</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when <paramref name="endpoints"/> is null.</exception>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown when <paramref name="pattern"/> is null or whitespace.</exception>
+    internal static IEndpointConventionBuilder MapDevUI(
+        this IEndpointRouteBuilder endpoints,
+        [StringSyntax("Route")] string pattern = "/devui")
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(endpoints);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pattern);
+
+        // Ensure the pattern doesn't end with a slash for consistency
+        var cleanPattern = pattern.TrimEnd('/');
+
+        // Create the DevUI handler
+        var logger = endpoints.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ILogger<DevUIMiddleware>>();
+        var devUIHandler = new DevUIMiddleware(logger, cleanPattern);
+
+        return endpoints.MapGet($"{cleanPattern}/{{*path}}", devUIHandler.HandleRequestAsync)
+            .WithName($"DevUI at {cleanPattern}")
+            .WithDescription("Interactive developer interface for Microsoft Agent Framework");
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/DevUIMiddleware.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Frozen;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
+using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handler that serves embedded DevUI resource files from the 'resources' directory.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class DevUIMiddleware
+{
+    private const string GZipEncodingValue = "gzip";
+    private static readonly StringValues s_gzipEncodingHeader = new(GZipEncodingValue);
+    private static readonly Assembly s_assembly = typeof(DevUIMiddleware).Assembly;
+    private static readonly FileExtensionContentTypeProvider s_contentTypeProvider = new();
+    private static readonly StringValues s_cacheControl = new(new CacheControlHeaderValue()
+    {
+        NoCache = true,
+        NoStore = true,
+    }.ToString());
+
+    private readonly ILogger<DevUIMiddleware> _logger;
+    private readonly FrozenDictionary<string, ResourceEntry> _resourceCache;
+    private readonly string _basePath;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DevUIMiddleware"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="logger">The logger instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="basePath">The base path where DevUI is mounted.</param>
+    public DevUIMiddleware(ILogger<DevUIMiddleware> logger, string basePath)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(logger);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(basePath);
+        this._logger = logger;
+        this._basePath = basePath.TrimEnd('/');
+
+        // Build resource cache
+        var resourceNamePrefix = $"{s_assembly.GetName().Name}.resources.";
+        this._resourceCache = s_assembly
+            .GetManifestResourceNames()
+            .Where(p => p.StartsWith(resourceNamePrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            .ToFrozenDictionary(
+                p => p[resourceNamePrefix.Length..].Replace('.', '/'),
+                CreateResourceEntry,
+                StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Handles an HTTP request for DevUI resources.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">The HTTP context.</param>
+    public async Task HandleRequestAsync(HttpContext context)
+    {
+        var path = context.Request.Path.Value;
+
+        if (path == null)
+        {
+            context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status404NotFound;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If requesting the base path without a trailing slash, redirect to include it
+        // This ensures relative URLs in the HTML work correctly
+        if (string.Equals(path, this._basePath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && !path.EndsWith('/'))
+        {
+            var redirectUrl = $"{path}/";
+            if (context.Request.QueryString.HasValue)
+            {
+                redirectUrl += context.Request.QueryString.Value;
+            }
+
+            context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status301MovedPermanently;
+            context.Response.Headers.Location = redirectUrl;
+            this._logger.LogDebug("Redirecting {OriginalPath} to {RedirectUrl}", path, redirectUrl);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Remove the base path to get the resource path
+        var resourcePath = path.StartsWith(this._basePath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? path.Substring(this._basePath.Length).TrimStart('/')
+            : path.TrimStart('/');
+
+        // If requesting the base path, serve index.html
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(resourcePath))
+        {
+            resourcePath = "index.html";
+        }
+
+        // Try to serve the embedded resource
+        if (await this.TryServeResourceAsync(context, resourcePath).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If resource not found, try serving index.html for client-side routing
+        if (!resourcePath.Contains('.', StringComparison.Ordinal) || resourcePath.EndsWith('/'))
+        {
+            if (await this.TryServeResourceAsync(context, "index.html").ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Resource not found
+        context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status404NotFound;
+    }
+
+    private async Task<bool> TryServeResourceAsync(HttpContext context, string resourcePath)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            if (!this._resourceCache.TryGetValue(resourcePath.Replace('.', '/'), out var cacheEntry))
+            {
+                this._logger.LogDebug("Embedded resource not found: {ResourcePath}", resourcePath);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var response = context.Response;
+
+            // Check if client has cached version
+            if (context.Request.Headers.IfNoneMatch == cacheEntry.ETag)
+            {
+                response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status304NotModified;
+                this._logger.LogDebug("Resource not modified (304): {ResourcePath}", resourcePath);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            var responseHeaders = response.Headers;
+
+            byte[] content;
+            bool serveCompressed;
+            if (cacheEntry.CompressedContent is not null && IsGZipAccepted(context.Request))
+            {
+                serveCompressed = true;
+                responseHeaders.ContentEncoding = s_gzipEncodingHeader;
+                responseHeaders.ContentLength = cacheEntry.CompressedContent.Length;
+                content = cacheEntry.CompressedContent;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                serveCompressed = false;
+                responseHeaders.ContentLength = cacheEntry.DecompressedContent!.Length;
+                content = cacheEntry.DecompressedContent;
+            }
+
+            responseHeaders.CacheControl = s_cacheControl;
+            responseHeaders.ContentType = cacheEntry.ContentType;
+            responseHeaders.ETag = cacheEntry.ETag;
+
+            await response.Body.WriteAsync(content, context.RequestAborted).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            this._logger.LogDebug("Served embedded resource: {ResourcePath} (compressed: {Compressed})", resourcePath, serveCompressed);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            this._logger.LogError(ex, "Error serving embedded resource: {ResourcePath}", resourcePath);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsGZipAccepted(HttpRequest httpRequest)
+    {
+        if (httpRequest.GetTypedHeaders().AcceptEncoding is not { Count: > 0 } acceptEncoding)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < acceptEncoding.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var encoding = acceptEncoding[i];
+
+            if (encoding.Quality is not 0 &&
+                string.Equals(encoding.Value.Value, GZipEncodingValue, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static ResourceEntry CreateResourceEntry(string resourceName)
+    {
+        using var resourceStream = s_assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName)!;
+        using var decompressedContent = new MemoryStream();
+
+        // Read and cache the original resource content
+        resourceStream.CopyTo(decompressedContent);
+        var decompressedArray = decompressedContent.ToArray();
+
+        // Compress the content
+        using var compressedContent = new MemoryStream();
+        using (var gzip = new GZipStream(compressedContent, CompressionMode.Compress, leaveOpen: true))
+        {
+            // This is a synchronous write to a memory stream.
+            // There is no benefit to asynchrony here.
+            gzip.Write(decompressedArray);
+        }
+
+        // Only use compression if it actually reduces size
+        byte[]? compressedArray = compressedContent.Length < decompressedArray.Length
+            ? compressedContent.ToArray()
+            : null;
+
+        var hash = SHA256.HashData(compressedArray ?? decompressedArray);
+        var eTag = $"\"{Convert.ToBase64String(hash)}\"";
+
+        // Determine content type from resource name
+        var contentType = s_contentTypeProvider.TryGetContentType(resourceName, out var ct)
+            ? ct
+            : "application/octet-stream";
+
+        return new ResourceEntry(resourceName, decompressedArray, compressedArray, eTag, contentType);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ResourceEntry(string resourceName, byte[] decompressedContent, byte[]? compressedContent, string eTag, string contentType)
+    {
+        public byte[]? CompressedContent { get; } = compressedContent;
+
+        public string ContentType { get; } = contentType;
+
+        public byte[] DecompressedContent { get; } = decompressedContent;
+
+        public string ETag { get; } = eTag;
+
+        public string ResourceName { get; } = resourceName;
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/Entities/EntitiesJsonContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.Entities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// JSON serialization context for entity-related types.
+/// Enables AOT-compatible JSON serialization using source generators.
+/// </summary>
+[JsonSourceGenerationOptions(
+    JsonSerializerDefaults.Web,
+    DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(EntityInfo))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(DiscoveryResponse))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(EnvVarRequirement))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<EntityInfo>))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<JsonElement>))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(Dictionary<string, JsonElement>))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(JsonElement))]
+[ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+internal sealed partial class EntitiesJsonContext : JsonSerializerContext;

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/Entities/EntityInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.Entities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Information about an environment variable required by an entity.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed record EnvVarRequirement(
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    string Name,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("description")]
+    string? Description = null,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("required")]
+    bool Required = true,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("example")]
+    string? Example = null
+);
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Information about an entity (agent or workflow).
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed record EntityInfo(
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("id")]
+    string Id,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("type")]
+    string Type,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    string Name,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("description")]
+    string? Description = null,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("framework")]
+    string Framework = "dotnet",
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("tools")]
+    List<string>? Tools = null,
+
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("metadata")]
+    Dictionary<string, JsonElement>? Metadata = null
+)
+{
+    [JsonPropertyName("source")]
+    public string? Source { get; init; } = "di";
+
+    [JsonPropertyName("original_url")]
+    public string? OriginalUrl { get; init; }
+
+    // Workflow-specific fields
+    [JsonPropertyName("required_env_vars")]
+    public List<EnvVarRequirement>? RequiredEnvVars { get; init; }
+
+    [JsonPropertyName("executors")]
+    public List<string>? Executors { get; init; }
+
+    [JsonPropertyName("workflow_dump")]
+    public JsonElement? WorkflowDump { get; init; }
+
+    [JsonPropertyName("input_schema")]
+    public JsonElement? InputSchema { get; init; }
+
+    [JsonPropertyName("input_type_name")]
+    public string? InputTypeName { get; init; }
+
+    [JsonPropertyName("start_executor_id")]
+    public string? StartExecutorId { get; init; }
+};
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Response containing a list of discovered entities.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed record DiscoveryResponse(
+    [property: JsonPropertyName("entities")]
+    List<EntityInfo> Entities
+);

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/Entities/WorkflowSerializationExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows.Checkpointing;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.Entities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Extension methods for serializing workflows to DevUI-compatible format
+/// </summary>
+internal static class WorkflowSerializationExtensions
+{
+    // The frontend max iterations default value expected by the DevUI frontend
+    private const int MaxIterationsDefault = 100;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a workflow to a dictionary representation compatible with DevUI frontend.
+    /// This matches the Python workflow.to_dict() format expected by the UI.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static Dictionary<string, object> ToDevUIDict(this Workflow workflow)
+    {
+        var result = new Dictionary<string, object>
+        {
+            ["id"] = workflow.Name ?? Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
+            ["start_executor_id"] = workflow.StartExecutorId,
+            ["max_iterations"] = MaxIterationsDefault
+        };
+
+        // Add optional fields
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(workflow.Name))
+        {
+            result["name"] = workflow.Name;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(workflow.Description))
+        {
+            result["description"] = workflow.Description;
+        }
+
+        // Convert executors to Python-compatible format
+        result["executors"] = ConvertExecutorsToDict(workflow);
+
+        // Convert edges to edge_groups format
+        result["edge_groups"] = ConvertEdgesToEdgeGroups(workflow);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts workflow executors to a dictionary format compatible with Python
+    /// </summary>
+    private static Dictionary<string, object> ConvertExecutorsToDict(Workflow workflow)
+    {
+        var executors = new Dictionary<string, object>();
+
+        // Extract executor IDs from edges and start executor
+        // (Registrations is internal, so we infer executors from the graph structure)
+        var executorIds = new HashSet<string> { workflow.StartExecutorId };
+
+        var reflectedEdges = workflow.ReflectEdges();
+        foreach (var (sourceId, edgeSet) in reflectedEdges)
+        {
+            executorIds.Add(sourceId);
+            foreach (var edge in edgeSet)
+            {
+                foreach (var sinkId in edge.Connection.SinkIds)
+                {
+                    executorIds.Add(sinkId);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create executor entries (we can't access internal Registrations for type info)
+        foreach (var executorId in executorIds)
+        {
+            executors[executorId] = new Dictionary<string, object>
+            {
+                ["id"] = executorId,
+                ["type"] = "Executor"
+            };
+        }
+
+        return executors;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts workflow edges to edge_groups format expected by the UI
+    /// </summary>
+    private static List<object> ConvertEdgesToEdgeGroups(Workflow workflow)
+    {
+        var edgeGroups = new List<object>();
+        var edgeGroupId = 0;
+
+        // Get edges using the public ReflectEdges method
+        var reflectedEdges = workflow.ReflectEdges();
+
+        foreach (var (sourceId, edgeSet) in reflectedEdges)
+        {
+            foreach (var edgeInfo in edgeSet)
+            {
+                if (edgeInfo is DirectEdgeInfo directEdge)
+                {
+                    // Single edge group for direct edges
+                    var edges = new List<object>();
+
+                    foreach (var source in directEdge.Connection.SourceIds)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var sink in directEdge.Connection.SinkIds)
+                        {
+                            var edge = new Dictionary<string, object>
+                            {
+                                ["source_id"] = source,
+                                ["target_id"] = sink
+                            };
+
+                            // Add condition name if this is a conditional edge
+                            if (directEdge.HasCondition)
+                            {
+                                edge["condition_name"] = "predicate";
+                            }
+
+                            edges.Add(edge);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    edgeGroups.Add(new Dictionary<string, object>
+                    {
+                        ["id"] = $"edge_group_{edgeGroupId++}",
+                        ["type"] = "SingleEdgeGroup",
+                        ["edges"] = edges
+                    });
+                }
+                else if (edgeInfo is FanOutEdgeInfo fanOutEdge)
+                {
+                    // FanOut edge group
+                    var edges = new List<object>();
+
+                    foreach (var source in fanOutEdge.Connection.SourceIds)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var sink in fanOutEdge.Connection.SinkIds)
+                        {
+                            edges.Add(new Dictionary<string, object>
+                            {
+                                ["source_id"] = source,
+                                ["target_id"] = sink
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    var fanOutGroup = new Dictionary<string, object>
+                    {
+                        ["id"] = $"edge_group_{edgeGroupId++}",
+                        ["type"] = "FanOutEdgeGroup",
+                        ["edges"] = edges
+                    };
+
+                    if (fanOutEdge.HasAssigner)
+                    {
+                        fanOutGroup["selection_func_name"] = "selector";
+                    }
+
+                    edgeGroups.Add(fanOutGroup);
+                }
+                else if (edgeInfo is FanInEdgeInfo fanInEdge)
+                {
+                    // FanIn edge group
+                    var edges = new List<object>();
+
+                    foreach (var source in fanInEdge.Connection.SourceIds)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var sink in fanInEdge.Connection.SinkIds)
+                        {
+                            edges.Add(new Dictionary<string, object>
+                            {
+                                ["source_id"] = source,
+                                ["target_id"] = sink
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    edgeGroups.Add(new Dictionary<string, object>
+                    {
+                        ["id"] = $"edge_group_{edgeGroupId++}",
+                        ["type"] = "FanInEdgeGroup",
+                        ["edges"] = edges
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return edgeGroups;
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/EntitiesApiExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.Entities;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Provides extension methods for mapping entity discovery and management endpoints to an <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/>.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class EntitiesApiExtensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Maps HTTP API endpoints for entity discovery and management.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="endpoints">The <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/> to add the routes to.</param>
+    /// <returns>The <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/> for method chaining.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This extension method registers the following endpoints:
+    /// <list type="bullet">
+    /// <item><description>GET /v1/entities - List all registered entities (agents and workflows)</description></item>
+    /// <item><description>GET /v1/entities/{entityId}/info - Get detailed information about a specific entity</description></item>
+    /// </list>
+    /// The endpoints are compatible with the Python DevUI frontend and automatically discover entities
+    /// from the registered <see cref="AgentCatalog"/> and <see cref="WorkflowCatalog"/> services.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public static IEndpointConventionBuilder MapEntities(this IEndpointRouteBuilder endpoints)
+    {
+        var group = endpoints.MapGroup("/v1/entities")
+            .WithTags("Entities");
+
+        // List all entities
+        group.MapGet("", ListEntitiesAsync)
+            .WithName("ListEntities")
+            .WithSummary("List all registered entities (agents and workflows)")
+            .Produces<DiscoveryResponse>(StatusCodes.Status200OK, contentType: "application/json");
+
+        // Get detailed entity information
+        group.MapGet("{entityId}/info", GetEntityInfoAsync)
+            .WithName("GetEntityInfo")
+            .WithSummary("Get detailed information about a specific entity")
+            .Produces<EntityInfo>(StatusCodes.Status200OK, contentType: "application/json")
+            .Produces(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound);
+
+        return group;
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<IResult> ListEntitiesAsync(
+        AgentCatalog? agentCatalog,
+        WorkflowCatalog? workflowCatalog,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var entities = new List<EntityInfo>();
+
+            // Discover agents from the agent catalog
+            if (agentCatalog is not null)
+            {
+                await foreach (var agent in agentCatalog.GetAgentsAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                {
+                    if (agent.GetType().Name == "WorkflowHostAgent")
+                    {
+                        // HACK: ignore WorkflowHostAgent instances as they are just wrappers around workflows,
+                        // and workflows are handled below.
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    entities.Add(new EntityInfo(
+                        Id: agent.Name ?? agent.Id,
+                        Type: "agent",
+                        Name: agent.Name ?? agent.Id,
+                        Description: agent.Description,
+                        Framework: "agent-framework",
+                        Tools: null,
+                        Metadata: []
+                    )
+                    {
+                        Source = "in_memory"
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Discover workflows from the workflow catalog
+            if (workflowCatalog is not null)
+            {
+                await foreach (var workflow in workflowCatalog.GetWorkflowsAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                {
+                    // Extract executor IDs from the workflow structure
+                    var executorIds = new HashSet<string> { workflow.StartExecutorId };
+                    var reflectedEdges = workflow.ReflectEdges();
+                    foreach (var (sourceId, edgeSet) in reflectedEdges)
+                    {
+                        executorIds.Add(sourceId);
+                        foreach (var edge in edgeSet)
+                        {
+                            foreach (var sinkId in edge.Connection.SinkIds)
+                            {
+                                executorIds.Add(sinkId);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Create a default input schema (string type)
+                    var defaultInputSchema = new Dictionary<string, object>
+                    {
+                        ["type"] = "string"
+                    };
+
+                    entities.Add(new EntityInfo(
+                        Id: workflow.Name ?? workflow.StartExecutorId,
+                        Type: "workflow",
+                        Name: workflow.Name ?? workflow.StartExecutorId,
+                        Description: workflow.Description,
+                        Framework: "agent-framework",
+                        Tools: [.. executorIds],
+                        Metadata: []
+                    )
+                    {
+                        Source = "in_memory",
+                        WorkflowDump = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(workflow.ToDevUIDict()),
+                        InputSchema = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(defaultInputSchema),
+                        InputTypeName = "string",
+                        StartExecutorId = workflow.StartExecutorId
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Results.Json(new DiscoveryResponse(entities), EntitiesJsonContext.Default.DiscoveryResponse);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return Results.Problem(
+                detail: ex.Message,
+                statusCode: StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError,
+                title: "Error listing entities");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<IResult> GetEntityInfoAsync(
+        string entityId,
+        AgentCatalog? agentCatalog,
+        WorkflowCatalog? workflowCatalog,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // Try to find the entity among discovered agents
+            if (agentCatalog is not null)
+            {
+                await foreach (var agent in agentCatalog.GetAgentsAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                {
+                    if (agent.GetType().Name == "WorkflowHostAgent")
+                    {
+                        // HACK: ignore WorkflowHostAgent instances as they are just wrappers around workflows,
+                        // and workflows are handled below.
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (string.Equals(agent.Name, entityId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                        string.Equals(agent.Id, entityId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                    {
+                        var entityInfo = new EntityInfo(
+                            Id: agent.Name ?? agent.Id,
+                            Type: "agent",
+                            Name: agent.Name ?? agent.Id,
+                            Description: agent.Description,
+                            Framework: "agent-framework",
+                            Tools: null,
+                            Metadata: []
+                        )
+                        {
+                            Source = "in_memory"
+                        };
+
+                        return Results.Json(entityInfo, EntitiesJsonContext.Default.EntityInfo);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Try to find the entity among discovered workflows
+            if (workflowCatalog is not null)
+            {
+                await foreach (var workflow in workflowCatalog.GetWorkflowsAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                {
+                    var workflowId = workflow.Name ?? workflow.StartExecutorId;
+                    if (string.Equals(workflowId, entityId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                    {
+                        // Extract executor IDs from the workflow structure
+                        var executorIds = new HashSet<string> { workflow.StartExecutorId };
+                        var reflectedEdges = workflow.ReflectEdges();
+                        foreach (var (sourceId, edgeSet) in reflectedEdges)
+                        {
+                            executorIds.Add(sourceId);
+                            foreach (var edge in edgeSet)
+                            {
+                                foreach (var sinkId in edge.Connection.SinkIds)
+                                {
+                                    executorIds.Add(sinkId);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Create a default input schema (string type)
+                        var defaultInputSchema = new Dictionary<string, object>
+                        {
+                            ["type"] = "string"
+                        };
+
+                        var entityInfo = new EntityInfo(
+                            Id: workflowId,
+                            Type: "workflow",
+                            Name: workflow.Name ?? workflow.StartExecutorId,
+                            Description: workflow.Description,
+                            Framework: "agent-framework",
+                            Tools: [.. executorIds],
+                            Metadata: []
+                        )
+                        {
+                            Source = "in_memory",
+                            WorkflowDump = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(workflow.ToDevUIDict()),
+                            InputSchema = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(defaultInputSchema),
+                            InputTypeName = "Input",
+                            StartExecutorId = workflow.StartExecutorId
+                        };
+
+                        return Results.Json(entityInfo, EntitiesJsonContext.Default.EntityInfo);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Results.NotFound(new { error = new { message = $"Entity '{entityId}' not found.", type = "invalid_request_error" } });
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return Results.Problem(
+                detail: ex.Message,
+                statusCode: StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError,
+                title: "Error getting entity info");
+        }
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.Frontend.targets

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<Project>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- Frontend paths - pointing to the Python package's frontend -->
+    <FrontendRoot>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\..\python\packages\devui\frontend'))</FrontendRoot>
+    <FrontendBuildOutput>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\..\python\packages\devui\agent_framework_devui\ui'))</FrontendBuildOutput>
+    <FrontendPackageJson>$(FrontendRoot)\package.json</FrontendPackageJson>
+    <FrontendNodeModules>$(FrontendRoot)\node_modules</FrontendNodeModules>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- Ensure npm packages are installed before building -->
+  <Target Name="EnsureNodeModules" BeforeTargets="BeforeBuild" Condition="!Exists('$(FrontendNodeModules)')">
+    <Exec Command="npm install" WorkingDirectory="$(FrontendRoot)" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <!-- Collect frontend source files for incremental build tracking -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <FrontendSourceFiles Include="$(FrontendRoot)\src\**\*" />
+    <FrontendSourceFiles Include="$(FrontendPackageJson);$(FrontendRoot)\vite.config.ts;$(FrontendRoot)\tsconfig.json;$(FrontendRoot)\index.html" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <!-- Define the required frontend assets -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <FrontendAsset Include="$(FrontendBuildOutput)\index.html" />
+    <FrontendAsset Include="$(FrontendBuildOutput)\assets\index.js" />
+    <FrontendAsset Include="$(FrontendBuildOutput)\assets\index.css" />
+    <FrontendAsset Include="$(FrontendBuildOutput)\agentframework.svg" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <!-- Use a marker file for incremental build tracking -->
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <FrontendBuildMarker>$(BaseIntermediateOutputPath)\frontend.build.marker</FrontendBuildMarker>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- Build the frontend -->
+  <Target Name="BuildFrontend" BeforeTargets="AssignTargetPaths" DependsOnTargets="EnsureNodeModules" Inputs="@(FrontendSourceFiles)" Outputs="$(FrontendBuildMarker)">
+    <!-- Set VITE_API_BASE_URL to empty string for relative URLs -->
+    <Exec Command="npm run build" WorkingDirectory="$(FrontendRoot)" EnvironmentVariables="VITE_API_BASE_URL=" />
+    <!-- Create marker file to track successful build -->
+    <Touch Files="$(FrontendBuildMarker)" AlwaysCreate="true" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <!-- Statically include frontend assets as embedded resources for VS to show them -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="$(FrontendBuildOutput)\**\*" Condition="Exists('$(FrontendBuildOutput)')">
+      <Link>resources\$([MSBuild]::MakeRelative('$(FrontendBuildOutput)', '%(Identity)'))</Link>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <!-- Verify required frontend assets are present -->
+  <Target Name="ValidateFrontendAssets" BeforeTargets="CoreCompile" DependsOnTargets="BuildFrontend">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <MissingAsset Include="@(FrontendAsset)" Condition="!Exists('%(Identity)')" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    
+    <Error Condition="'@(MissingAsset)' != ''" Text="Required frontend assets are missing: @(MissingAsset, ', '). Frontend build may have failed." />
+  </Target>
+
+  <!-- Verify assets are present before packing -->
+  <Target Name="ValidateFrontendAssetsBeforePack" BeforeTargets="GenerateNuspec">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <MissingPackageAsset Include="@(FrontendAsset)" Condition="!Exists('%(Identity)')" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    
+    <Error Condition="'@(MissingPackageAsset)' != ''" Text="Cannot create NuGet package: Required frontend assets are missing: @(MissingPackageAsset, ', ')" />
+  </Target>
+
+</Project>

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>net9.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <RootNamespace>Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI</RootNamespace>
+    <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+    <EnableRequestDelegateGenerator>true</EnableRequestDelegateGenerator>
+    <VersionSuffix>preview</VersionSuffix>
+    <!-- Suppress warnings for internal DevUI implementation -->
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS1591;CA1852;CA1050;RCS1037;RCS1036;RCS1124;RCS1021;RCS1146;RCS1211;CA2007;CA1308;IL2026;IL3050;CA1812</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- Import nuget packaging properties -->
+  <Import Project="$(RepoRoot)/dotnet/nuget/nuget-package.props" />
+
+  <!-- Import frontend web assets build targets -->
+  <Import Project="Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI.Frontend.targets" />
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Net.ServerSentEvents" VersionOverride="10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- NuGet Package Settings -->
+    <Title>Microsoft Agent Framework Developer UI</Title>
+    <Description>Provides Microsoft Agent Framework support for developer UI.</Description>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/Properties/launchSettings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "profiles": {
+    "Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI": {
+      "commandName": "Project",
+      "launchBrowser": true,
+      "environmentVariables": {
+        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
+      },
+      "applicationUrl": "https://localhost:57966;http://localhost:57967"
+    }
+  }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI
+
+This package provides a web interface for testing and debugging AI agents during development.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+dotnet add package Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI
+dotnet add package Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting
+dotnet add package Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Add DevUI services and map the endpoint in your ASP.NET Core application:
+
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
+
+var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
+
+// Register your agents
+builder.AddAIAgent("assistant", "You are a helpful assistant.");
+
+if (builder.Environment.IsDevelopment())
+{
+    // Add DevUI services
+    builder.AddDevUI();
+}
+
+var app = builder.Build();
+
+if (builder.Environment.IsDevelopment())
+{
+    // Map DevUI endpoint to /devui
+    app.MapDevUI();
+}
+
+app.Run();
+```

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.DevUI/wwwroot/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="./agentframework.svg" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Agent Framework Dev UI</title>
+    <script type="module" crossorigin src="./assets/index.js"></script>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="./assets/index.css">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+  </body>
+</html>

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.AGUI.AspNetCore/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.AGUI.AspNetCore.csproj

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.AGUI.AspNetCore</RootNamespace>
     <VersionSuffix>preview</VersionSuffix>
     <DefineConstants>$(DefineConstants);ASPNETCORE</DefineConstants>
-    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
     <InterceptorsNamespaces>$(InterceptorsNamespaces);Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Generated</InterceptorsNamespaces>
     <EnableRequestDelegateGenerator>true</EnableRequestDelegateGenerator>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <Import Project="$(RepoRoot)/dotnet/nuget/nuget-package.props" />
 
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- Disable packing until we are ready to release this as a nuget -->
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!-- NuGet Package Settings -->
     <Title>Microsoft Agent Framework Hosting AG-UI ASP.NET Core</Title>

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/ChatCompletions/AIAgentChatCompletionsProcessor.cs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ internal static class AIAgentChatCompletionsProcessor
         {
             // The Unix timestamp (in seconds) of when the chat completion was created. Each chunk has the same timestamp.
             DateTimeOffset? createdAt = null;
-            var chunkId = IdGeneratorHelpers.NewId(prefix: "chatcmpl", delimiter: "-", stringLength: 13);
+            var chunkId = IdGenerator.NewId(prefix: "chatcmpl", delimiter: "-", stringLength: 13);
 
             await foreach (var agentRunResponseUpdate in agent.RunStreamingAsync(chatMessages, options: options, cancellationToken: cancellationToken).WithCancellation(cancellationToken))
             {

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/ChatCompletions/AgentRunResponseExtensions.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseExtensions
 
         return new ChatCompletion
         {
-            Id = IdGeneratorHelpers.NewId(prefix: "chatcmpl", delimiter: "-", stringLength: 13),
+            Id = IdGenerator.NewId(prefix: "chatcmpl", delimiter: "-", stringLength: 13),
             Choices = choices,
             Created = (agentRunResponse.CreatedAt ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow).ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
             Model = request.Model,

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/ChatCompletions/Converters/MessageContentPartConverter.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.ChatCompletions.Converters;
 
 internal static class MessageContentPartConverter
 {
+    private static string AudioFormatToMediaType(string format) =>
+        format.Equals("mp3", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "audio/mpeg" :
+        format.Equals("wav", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "audio/wav" :
+        format.Equals("opus", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "audio/opus" :
+        format.Equals("aac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "audio/aac" :
+        format.Equals("flac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "audio/flac" :
+        format.Equals("pcm16", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "audio/pcm" :
+        "audio/*";
     public static AIContent? ToAIContent(MessageContentPart part)
     {
         return part switch
@@ -23,16 +31,7 @@ internal static class MessageContentPartConverter
 
             // audio
             AudioContentPart audioPart =>
-                new DataContent(audioPart.InputAudio.Data, audioPart.InputAudio.Format.ToUpperInvariant() switch
-                {
-                    "MP3" => "audio/mpeg",
-                    "WAV" => "audio/wav",
-                    "OPUS" => "audio/opus",
-                    "AAC" => "audio/aac",
-                    "FLAC" => "audio/flac",
-                    "PCM16" => "audio/pcm",
-                    _ => "audio/*"
-                }),
+                new DataContent(audioPart.InputAudio.Data, AudioFormatToMediaType(audioPart.InputAudio.Format)),
 
             // file
             FileContentPart filePart when !string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePart.File.FileId)

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/ConversationsHttpHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handles route requests for OpenAI Conversations API endpoints.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ConversationsHttpHandler
+{
+    private readonly IConversationStorage _storage;
+    private readonly IAgentConversationIndex? _conversationIndex;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ConversationsHttpHandler"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="storage">The conversation storage service.</param>
+    /// <param name="conversationIndex">Optional conversation index service.</param>
+    public ConversationsHttpHandler(IConversationStorage storage, IAgentConversationIndex? conversationIndex)
+    {
+        this._storage = storage ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(storage));
+        this._conversationIndex = conversationIndex;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lists conversations by agent ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> ListConversationsByAgentAsync(
+        [FromQuery] string? agent_id,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(agent_id))
+        {
+            return Results.BadRequest(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = "agent_id query parameter is required.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Return empty list if conversation index is not registered
+        if (this._conversationIndex == null)
+        {
+            return Results.Ok(new ListResponse<Conversation>
+            {
+                Data = [],
+                HasMore = false
+            });
+        }
+
+        var conversationIdsResponse = await this._conversationIndex.GetConversationIdsAsync(agent_id, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        // Fetch full conversation objects
+        var conversations = new List<Conversation>();
+        foreach (var conversationId in conversationIdsResponse.Data)
+        {
+            var conversation = await this._storage.GetConversationAsync(conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (conversation is not null)
+            {
+                conversations.Add(conversation);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return Results.Ok(new ListResponse<Conversation>
+        {
+            Data = conversations,
+            HasMore = false
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> CreateConversationAsync(
+        [FromBody] CreateConversationRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        Dictionary<string, string> metadata = request.Metadata ?? [];
+        var idGenerator = new IdGenerator(responseId: null, conversationId: null);
+        var conversation = new Conversation
+        {
+            Id = idGenerator.ConversationId,
+            CreatedAt = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
+            Metadata = metadata
+        };
+
+        var created = await this._storage.CreateConversationAsync(conversation, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        // Add initial items if provided
+        if (request.Items is { Count: > 0 })
+        {
+            List<ItemResource> itemsToAdd = [.. request.Items.Select(itemParam => itemParam.ToItemResource(idGenerator))];
+            await this._storage.AddItemsAsync(created.Id, itemsToAdd, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        // Add to conversation index if available and agent_id is provided in metadata
+        if (this._conversationIndex != null && created.Metadata.TryGetValue("agent_id", out var agentId) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(agentId))
+        {
+            await this._conversationIndex.AddConversationAsync(agentId, created.Id, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        return Results.Ok(created);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retrieves a conversation by ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> GetConversationAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var conversation = await this._storage.GetConversationAsync(conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return conversation is not null
+            ? Results.Ok(conversation)
+            : Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Conversation '{conversationId}' not found.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Updates a conversation's metadata.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> UpdateConversationAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        [FromBody] UpdateConversationRequest request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var existing = await this._storage.GetConversationAsync(conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (existing is null)
+        {
+            return Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Conversation '{conversationId}' not found.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        var updated = existing with
+        {
+            Metadata = request.Metadata
+        };
+
+        var result = await this._storage.UpdateConversationAsync(updated, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return Results.Ok(result);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deletes a conversation and all its messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> DeleteConversationAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        // Get conversation first to retrieve agent_id for index removal
+        var conversation = await this._storage.GetConversationAsync(conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        var deleted = await this._storage.DeleteConversationAsync(conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (!deleted)
+        {
+            return Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Conversation '{conversationId}' not found.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Remove from conversation index if available and agent_id was present in metadata
+        if (this._conversationIndex != null && conversation?.Metadata.TryGetValue("agent_id", out var agentId) == true && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(agentId))
+        {
+            await this._conversationIndex.RemoveConversationAsync(agentId, conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        return Results.Ok(new DeleteResponse
+        {
+            Id = conversationId,
+            Object = "conversation.deleted",
+            Deleted = true
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds items to a conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> CreateItemsAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        [FromBody] CreateItemsRequest request,
+        [FromQuery] string[]? include,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var conversation = await this._storage.GetConversationAsync(conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (conversation is null)
+        {
+            return Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Conversation '{conversationId}' not found.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        var idGenerator = new IdGenerator(responseId: null, conversationId: conversationId);
+        List<ItemResource> createdItems = [.. request.Items.Select(itemParam => itemParam.ToItemResource(idGenerator))];
+        await this._storage.AddItemsAsync(conversationId, createdItems, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        return Results.Ok(new ListResponse<ItemResource>
+        {
+            Data = createdItems,
+            FirstId = createdItems.Count > 0 ? createdItems[0].Id : null,
+            LastId = createdItems.Count > 0 ? createdItems[^1].Id : null,
+            HasMore = false
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lists items in a conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> ListItemsAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        [FromQuery] int? limit,
+        [FromQuery] string? order,
+        [FromQuery] string? after,
+        [FromQuery] string[]? include,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        // Validate limit parameter
+        if (limit is < 1)
+        {
+            return Results.BadRequest(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = "Invalid value for 'limit': must be a positive integer.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error",
+                    Code = "invalid_value"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        var conversation = await this._storage.GetConversationAsync(conversationId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (conversation is null)
+        {
+            return Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Conversation '{conversationId}' not found.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        var result = await this._storage.ListItemsAsync(conversationId, limit, ParseOrder(order), after, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return Results.Ok(result);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retrieves a specific item.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> GetItemAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        string itemId,
+        [FromQuery] string[]? include,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var item = await this._storage.GetItemAsync(conversationId, itemId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return item is not null
+            ? Results.Ok(item)
+            : Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Item '{itemId}' not found in conversation '{conversationId}'.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deletes a specific item.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> DeleteItemAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        string itemId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var deleted = await this._storage.DeleteItemAsync(conversationId, itemId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (!deleted)
+        {
+            return Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Item '{itemId}' not found in conversation '{conversationId}'.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        return Results.Ok(new DeleteResponse
+        {
+            Id = itemId,
+            Object = "conversation.item.deleted",
+            Deleted = true
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static SortOrder? ParseOrder(string? order)
+    {
+        if (order is null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return string.Equals(order, "asc", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? SortOrder.Ascending : SortOrder.Descending;
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/IAgentConversationIndex.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Optional service for indexing conversations by agent ID.
+/// This is a non-standard extension to the OpenAI Conversations API.
+/// </summary>
+internal interface IAgentConversationIndex
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds a conversation to the index for the specified agent.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="agentId">The agent identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    Task AddConversationAsync(string agentId, string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Removes a conversation from the index for the specified agent.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="agentId">The agent identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A task that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+    Task RemoveConversationAsync(string agentId, string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets all conversation IDs for the specified agent.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="agentId">The agent identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A list response containing conversation IDs associated with the agent.</returns>
+    Task<ListResponse<string>> GetConversationIdsAsync(string agentId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/IConversationStorage.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Storage abstraction for conversations and messages.
+/// This interface provides operations specifically designed for conversation management,
+/// going beyond simple key-value storage to support conversation-specific queries and operations.
+/// </summary>
+internal interface IConversationStorage
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversation">The conversation to create.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The created conversation.</returns>
+    Task<Conversation> CreateConversationAsync(Conversation conversation, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retrieves a conversation by ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The conversation if found, null otherwise.</returns>
+    Task<Conversation?> GetConversationAsync(string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Updates an existing conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversation">The conversation with updated values.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The updated conversation if found, null otherwise.</returns>
+    Task<Conversation?> UpdateConversationAsync(Conversation conversation, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deletes a conversation and all its messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>True if deleted, false if not found.</returns>
+    Task<bool> DeleteConversationAsync(string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    // Item operations
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds multiple items to a conversation atomically.
+    /// Items are ItemResource objects from the Responses API.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID to add the items to.</param>
+    /// <param name="items">The items to add.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A task that completes when all items have been added.</returns>
+    Task AddItemsAsync(string conversationId, IEnumerable<ItemResource> items, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retrieves an item by ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="itemId">The item ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The item if found, null otherwise.</returns>
+    Task<ItemResource?> GetItemAsync(string conversationId, string itemId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lists items in a conversation with pagination support.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="limit">Maximum number of items to return (default: 20, max: 100).</param>
+    /// <param name="order">Sort order (default: Descending).</param>
+    /// <param name="after">Cursor for pagination - return items after this ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A list response with items and pagination info.</returns>
+    Task<ListResponse<ItemResource>> ListItemsAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        int? limit = null,
+        SortOrder? order = null,
+        string? after = null,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deletes a specific item from a conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="itemId">The item ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>True if deleted, false if not found.</returns>
+    Task<bool> DeleteItemAsync(string conversationId, string itemId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/InMemoryAgentConversationIndex.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// In-memory implementation of IAgentConversationIndex for development and testing.
+/// This is a non-standard extension to the OpenAI Conversations API.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class InMemoryAgentConversationIndex : IAgentConversationIndex, IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly MemoryCache _cache;
+    private readonly InMemoryStorageOptions _options;
+
+    private sealed class ConversationSet
+    {
+        private readonly HashSet<string> _conversations = [];
+        private readonly object _lock = new();
+
+        public void Add(string conversationId)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                this._conversations.Add(conversationId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool Remove(string conversationId)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                return this._conversations.Remove(conversationId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string[] GetAll()
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                return [.. this._conversations];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public InMemoryAgentConversationIndex()
+        : this(new InMemoryStorageOptions())
+    {
+    }
+
+    public InMemoryAgentConversationIndex(InMemoryStorageOptions options)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(options);
+        this._options = options;
+        this._cache = new MemoryCache(options.ToMemoryCacheOptions());
+    }
+
+    private async Task<ConversationSet> GetOrCreateConversationSetAsync(string agentId, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var conversationSet = await this._cache.GetOrCreateAtomicAsync(
+            agentId,
+            entry =>
+            {
+                entry.SetOptions(this._options.ToMemoryCacheEntryOptions());
+                return new ConversationSet();
+            },
+            cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        return conversationSet!;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public async Task AddConversationAsync(string agentId, string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(agentId);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(conversationId);
+
+        ConversationSet conversationSet = await this.GetOrCreateConversationSetAsync(agentId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        conversationSet.Add(conversationId);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public async Task RemoveConversationAsync(string agentId, string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(agentId);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(conversationId);
+
+        if (this._cache.TryGetValue(agentId, out ConversationSet? conversationSet) && conversationSet is not null)
+        {
+            conversationSet.Remove(conversationId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public async Task<ListResponse<string>> GetConversationIdsAsync(string agentId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(agentId);
+
+        string[] conversations = (this._cache.TryGetValue(agentId, out ConversationSet? conversationSet) && conversationSet is not null)
+            ? conversationSet.GetAll()
+            : [];
+
+        return new ListResponse<string>
+        {
+            Data = [.. conversations],
+            HasMore = false
+        };
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        // The MemoryCache will call the post-eviction callbacks when disposed,
+        // which will dispose all ConversationSet instances
+        this._cache.Dispose();
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/InMemoryConversationStorage.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// In-memory implementation of conversation storage for testing and development.
+/// This implementation is thread-safe but data is not persisted across application restarts.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class InMemoryConversationStorage : IConversationStorage, IDisposable
+{
+    private const int DefaultListItemLimit = 20;
+
+    private readonly MemoryCache _cache;
+    private readonly InMemoryStorageOptions _options;
+
+    public InMemoryConversationStorage()
+        : this(new InMemoryStorageOptions())
+    {
+    }
+
+    public InMemoryConversationStorage(InMemoryStorageOptions options)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(options);
+        this._options = options;
+        this._cache = new MemoryCache(options.ToMemoryCacheOptions());
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public Task<Conversation> CreateConversationAsync(Conversation conversation, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        // Check if conversation already exists
+        if (this._cache.TryGetValue(conversation.Id, out ConversationState? _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Conversation with ID '{conversation.Id}' already exists.");
+        }
+
+        var state = new ConversationState(conversation);
+        var entryOptions = this._options.ToMemoryCacheEntryOptions();
+        this._cache.Set(conversation.Id, state, entryOptions);
+        return Task.FromResult(conversation);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public Task<Conversation?> GetConversationAsync(string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (this._cache.TryGetValue(conversationId, out ConversationState? state) && state is not null)
+        {
+            return Task.FromResult<Conversation?>(state.Conversation);
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult<Conversation?>(null);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public Task<Conversation?> UpdateConversationAsync(Conversation conversation, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (this._cache.TryGetValue(conversation.Id, out ConversationState? state) && state is not null)
+        {
+            state.UpdateConversation(conversation);
+            // Touch the cache entry to reset expiration
+            var entryOptions = this._options.ToMemoryCacheEntryOptions();
+            this._cache.Set(conversation.Id, state, entryOptions);
+            return Task.FromResult<Conversation?>(conversation);
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult<Conversation?>(null);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public Task<bool> DeleteConversationAsync(string conversationId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (this._cache.TryGetValue<ConversationState>(conversationId, out _))
+        {
+            this._cache.Remove(conversationId);
+            return Task.FromResult(true);
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult(false);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public Task AddItemsAsync(string conversationId, IEnumerable<ItemResource> items, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(conversationId, nameof(conversationId));
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(items);
+
+        if (!this._cache.TryGetValue(conversationId, out ConversationState? state) || state is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Conversation '{conversationId}' not found.");
+        }
+
+        foreach (ItemResource item in items)
+        {
+            state.AddItem(item);
+        }
+
+        // Touch the cache entry to reset expiration
+        var entryOptions = this._options.ToMemoryCacheEntryOptions();
+        this._cache.Set(conversationId, state, entryOptions);
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public Task<ItemResource?> GetItemAsync(string conversationId, string itemId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (this._cache.TryGetValue(conversationId, out ConversationState? state) && state is not null)
+        {
+            return Task.FromResult(state.GetItem(itemId));
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult<ItemResource?>(null);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public Task<ListResponse<ItemResource>> ListItemsAsync(
+        string conversationId,
+        int? limit = null,
+        SortOrder? order = null,
+        string? after = null,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        int effectiveLimit = Math.Clamp(limit ?? DefaultListItemLimit, 1, 100);
+        SortOrder effectiveOrder = order ?? SortOrder.Descending;
+
+        if (!this._cache.TryGetValue(conversationId, out ConversationState? state) || state is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Conversation '{conversationId}' not found.");
+        }
+
+        var allItems = state.GetAllItems();
+
+        // For descending order, reverse the list
+        if (effectiveOrder == SortOrder.Descending)
+        {
+            allItems.Reverse();
+        }
+
+        var filtered = allItems.AsEnumerable();
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(after))
+        {
+            var afterIndex = allItems.FindIndex(m => m.Id == after);
+            if (afterIndex >= 0)
+            {
+                filtered = allItems.Skip(afterIndex + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        List<ItemResource> result;
+        bool hasMore;
+
+        if (filtered.TryGetNonEnumeratedCount(out int count))
+        {
+            hasMore = count > effectiveLimit;
+            result = filtered.Take(effectiveLimit).ToList();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = filtered.Take(effectiveLimit + 1).ToList();
+            hasMore = result.Count > effectiveLimit;
+            if (hasMore)
+            {
+                result = result.Take(effectiveLimit).ToList();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult(new ListResponse<ItemResource>
+        {
+            Data = result,
+            FirstId = result.FirstOrDefault()?.Id,
+            LastId = result.LastOrDefault()?.Id,
+            HasMore = hasMore
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public Task<bool> DeleteItemAsync(string conversationId, string itemId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (this._cache.TryGetValue(conversationId, out ConversationState? state) && state is not null)
+        {
+            var removed = state.RemoveItem(itemId);
+            if (removed)
+            {
+                // Touch the cache entry to reset expiration
+                var entryOptions = this._options.ToMemoryCacheEntryOptions();
+                this._cache.Set(conversationId, state, entryOptions);
+            }
+
+            return Task.FromResult(removed);
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult(false);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Encapsulates per-conversation state including items storage and synchronization.
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed class ConversationState
+    {
+#if NET9_0_OR_GREATER
+        private readonly OrderedDictionary<string, ItemResource> _items = [];
+        private readonly object _lock = new();
+        private Conversation _conversation;
+
+        public ConversationState(Conversation conversation)
+        {
+            this._conversation = conversation;
+        }
+
+        public Conversation Conversation
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                lock (this._lock)
+                {
+                    return this._conversation;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void UpdateConversation(Conversation conversation)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                this._conversation = conversation;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void AddItem(ItemResource item)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                if (!this._items.TryAdd(item.Id, item))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Item with ID '{item.Id}' already exists.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ItemResource? GetItem(string itemId)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                this._items.TryGetValue(itemId, out var item);
+                return item;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public List<ItemResource> GetAllItems()
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                return this._items.Values.ToList();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool RemoveItem(string itemId)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                return this._items.Remove(itemId);
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        private readonly List<ItemResource> _items = [];
+        private readonly object _lock = new();
+        private Conversation _conversation;
+
+        public ConversationState(Conversation conversation)
+        {
+            this._conversation = conversation;
+        }
+
+        public Conversation Conversation
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                lock (this._lock)
+                {
+                    return this._conversation;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void UpdateConversation(Conversation conversation)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                this._conversation = conversation;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void AddItem(ItemResource item)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                if (this._items.Exists(i => i.Id == item.Id))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Item with ID '{item.Id}' already exists.");
+                }
+
+                this._items.Add(item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ItemResource? GetItem(string itemId)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                return this._items.Find(i => i.Id == itemId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public List<ItemResource> GetAllItems()
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                return this._items.ToList();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool RemoveItem(string itemId)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                return this._items.RemoveAll(i => i.Id == itemId) > 0;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        this._cache.Dispose();
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/Models/AddMessageRequest.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Request to create items in a conversation.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class CreateItemsRequest
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The items to add to the conversation. You may add up to 20 items at a time.
+    /// Items should be ItemParam objects (messages without IDs, function call outputs, etc.).
+    /// The server will assign IDs when creating the items.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("items")]
+    public required List<ItemParam> Items { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/Models/Conversation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a conversation in the system.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed record Conversation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The unique identifier for the conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("id")]
+    public required string Id { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The object type, always "conversation".
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("object")]
+    [SuppressMessage("Naming", "CA1720:Identifiers should not match keywords", Justification = "Matches OpenAI API specification")]
+    public string Object => "conversation";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The Unix timestamp (in seconds) for when the conversation was created.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("created_at")]
+    public required long CreatedAt { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set of 16 key-value pairs that can be attached to a conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("metadata")]
+    public Dictionary<string, string> Metadata { get; init; } = [];
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/Models/CreateConversationRequest.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Request to create a new conversation.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class CreateConversationRequest
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initial items to include in the conversation context. You may add up to 20 items at a time.
+    /// Items should be ItemParam objects (messages without IDs, as the server will generate them).
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("items")]
+    public List<ItemParam>? Items { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set of 16 key-value pairs that can be attached to a conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("metadata")]
+    public Dictionary<string, string>? Metadata { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/Models/UpdateConversationRequest.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Request to update an existing conversation.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class UpdateConversationRequest
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set of 16 key-value pairs that can be attached to a conversation.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("metadata")]
+    public required Dictionary<string, string> Metadata { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Conversations/SortOrderExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Extension methods for <see cref="SortOrder"/>.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class SortOrderExtensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts a <see cref="SortOrder"/> to its string representation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="order">The sort order.</param>
+    /// <returns>The string representation ("asc" or "desc").</returns>
+    public static string ToOrderString(this SortOrder order)
+    {
+        return order == SortOrder.Ascending ? "asc" : "desc";
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if the sort order is ascending.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="order">The sort order.</param>
+    /// <returns>True if ascending, false otherwise.</returns>
+    public static bool IsAscending(this SortOrder order)
+    {
+        return order == SortOrder.Ascending;
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/EndpointRouteBuilderExtensions.Conversations.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Provides extension methods for mapping OpenAI Conversations API to an <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/>.
+/// </summary>
+public static partial class MicrosoftAgentAIHostingOpenAIEndpointRouteBuilderExtensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Maps OpenAI Conversations API endpoints to the specified <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="endpoints">The <see cref="IEndpointRouteBuilder"/> to add the OpenAI Conversations endpoints to.</param>
+    public static IEndpointConventionBuilder MapOpenAIConversations(this IEndpointRouteBuilder endpoints)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(endpoints);
+
+        var storage = endpoints.ServiceProvider.GetService<IConversationStorage>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IConversationStorage is not registered. Call AddOpenAIConversations() in your service configuration.");
+        var conversationIndex = endpoints.ServiceProvider.GetService<IAgentConversationIndex>();
+        var handlers = new ConversationsHttpHandler(storage, conversationIndex);
+
+        var group = endpoints.MapGroup("/v1/conversations")
+            .WithTags("Conversations");
+
+        // Conversation endpoints
+        // Non-standard extension: List conversations by agent ID
+        group.MapGet("", handlers.ListConversationsByAgentAsync)
+            .WithName("ListConversationsByAgent")
+            .WithSummary("List conversations for a specific agent (non-standard extension)");
+
+        group.MapPost("", handlers.CreateConversationAsync)
+            .WithName("CreateConversation")
+            .WithSummary("Create a new conversation");
+
+        group.MapGet("{conversationId}", handlers.GetConversationAsync)
+            .WithName("GetConversation")
+            .WithSummary("Retrieve a conversation by ID");
+
+        group.MapPost("{conversationId}", handlers.UpdateConversationAsync)
+            .WithName("UpdateConversation")
+            .WithSummary("Update a conversation's metadata or title");
+
+        group.MapDelete("{conversationId}", handlers.DeleteConversationAsync)
+            .WithName("DeleteConversation")
+            .WithSummary("Delete a conversation and all its messages");
+
+        // Item endpoints
+        group.MapPost("{conversationId}/items", handlers.CreateItemsAsync)
+            .WithName("CreateItems")
+            .WithSummary("Add items to a conversation");
+
+        group.MapGet("{conversationId}/items", handlers.ListItemsAsync)
+            .WithName("ListItems")
+            .WithSummary("List items in a conversation");
+
+        group.MapGet("{conversationId}/items/{itemId}", handlers.GetItemAsync)
+            .WithName("GetItem")
+            .WithSummary("Retrieve a specific item");
+
+        group.MapDelete("{conversationId}/items/{itemId}", handlers.DeleteItemAsync)
+            .WithName("DeleteItem")
+            .WithSummary("Delete a specific item");
+
+        return group;
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/EndpointRouteBuilderExtensions.Responses.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Threading;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
-using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 
@@ -43,11 +42,43 @@ public static partial class MicrosoftAgentAIHostingOpenAIEndpointRouteBuilderExt
         ValidateAgentName(agent.Name);
 
         responsesPath ??= $"/{agent.Name}/v1/responses";
+
+        // Create an executor for this agent
+        var executor = new AIAgentResponseExecutor(agent);
+        var storageOptions = endpoints.ServiceProvider.GetService<InMemoryStorageOptions>() ?? new InMemoryStorageOptions();
+        var conversationStorage = endpoints.ServiceProvider.GetService<IConversationStorage>();
+        var responsesService = new InMemoryResponsesService(executor, storageOptions, conversationStorage);
+
+        var handlers = new ResponsesHttpHandler(responsesService);
+
         var group = endpoints.MapGroup(responsesPath);
         var endpointAgentName = agent.DisplayName;
-        group.MapPost("/", async ([FromBody] CreateResponse createResponse, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => await AIAgentResponsesProcessor.CreateModelResponseAsync(agent, createResponse, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
-            .WithName(endpointAgentName + "/CreateResponse");
+
+        // Create response endpoint
+        group.MapPost("/", handlers.CreateResponseAsync)
+            .WithName(endpointAgentName + "/CreateResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Creates a model response for the given input");
+
+        // Get response endpoint
+        group.MapGet("{responseId}", handlers.GetResponseAsync)
+            .WithName(endpointAgentName + "/GetResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Retrieves a response by ID");
+
+        // Cancel response endpoint
+        group.MapPost("{responseId}/cancel", handlers.CancelResponseAsync)
+            .WithName(endpointAgentName + "/CancelResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Cancels an in-progress response");
+
+        // Delete response endpoint
+        group.MapDelete("{responseId}", handlers.DeleteResponseAsync)
+            .WithName(endpointAgentName + "/DeleteResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Deletes a response");
+
+        // List response input items endpoint
+        group.MapGet("{responseId}/input_items", handlers.ListResponseInputItemsAsync)
+            .WithName(endpointAgentName + "/ListResponseInputItems")
+            .WithSummary("Lists the input items for a response");
+
         return group;
     }
 
@@ -70,24 +101,37 @@ public static partial class MicrosoftAgentAIHostingOpenAIEndpointRouteBuilderExt
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(endpoints);
 
         responsesPath ??= "/v1/responses";
+        var responsesService = endpoints.ServiceProvider.GetService<IResponsesService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IResponsesService is not registered. Call AddOpenAIResponses() in your service configuration.");
+        var handlers = new ResponsesHttpHandler(responsesService);
+
         var group = endpoints.MapGroup(responsesPath);
-        group.MapPost("/", async ([FromBody] CreateResponse createResponse, IServiceProvider serviceProvider, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
-        {
-            // DevUI uses the 'model' field to specify the agent name.
-            var agentName = createResponse.Agent?.Name ?? createResponse.Model;
-            if (agentName is null)
-            {
-                return Results.BadRequest("No 'agent.name' or 'model' specified in the request.");
-            }
 
-            var agent = serviceProvider.GetKeyedService<AIAgent>(agentName);
-            if (agent is null)
-            {
-                return Results.NotFound($"Agent named '{agentName}' was not found.");
-            }
+        // Create response endpoint
+        group.MapPost("/", handlers.CreateResponseAsync)
+            .WithName("CreateResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Creates a model response for the given input");
+
+        // Get response endpoint
+        group.MapGet("{responseId}", handlers.GetResponseAsync)
+            .WithName("GetResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Retrieves a response by ID");
+
+        // Cancel response endpoint
+        group.MapPost("{responseId}/cancel", handlers.CancelResponseAsync)
+            .WithName("CancelResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Cancels an in-progress response");
+
+        // Delete response endpoint
+        group.MapDelete("{responseId}", handlers.DeleteResponseAsync)
+            .WithName("DeleteResponse")
+            .WithSummary("Deletes a response");
+
+        // List response input items endpoint
+        group.MapGet("{responseId}/input_items", handlers.ListResponseInputItemsAsync)
+            .WithName("ListResponseInputItems")
+            .WithSummary("Lists the input items for a response");
 
-            return await AIAgentResponsesProcessor.CreateModelResponseAsync(agent, createResponse, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-        }).WithName("CreateResponse");
         return group;
     }
 

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/HostApplicationBuilderExtensions.cs

@@ -39,4 +39,18 @@ public static class MicrosoftAgentAIHostingOpenAIHostApplicationBuilderExtension
 
         return builder;
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds support for exposing <see cref="AIAgent"/> instances via OpenAI Responses.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="builder">The <see cref="IHostApplicationBuilder"/> to configure.</param>
+    /// <returns>The <see cref="IHostApplicationBuilder"/> for method chaining.</returns>
+    public static IHostApplicationBuilder AddOpenAIConversations(this IHostApplicationBuilder builder)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(builder);
+
+        builder.Services.AddOpenAIConversations();
+
+        return builder;
+    }
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/IdGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Generates IDs with partition keys.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed partial class IdGenerator
+{
+    private readonly string _partitionId;
+    private readonly Random? _random;
+
+#if NET9_0_OR_GREATER
+    [GeneratedRegex("^[A-Za-z0-9]+$")]
+    private static partial Regex WatermarkRegex();
+#else
+    private static readonly Regex s_watermarkRegex = new("^[A-Za-z0-9]+$", RegexOptions.Compiled);
+    private static Regex WatermarkRegex() => s_watermarkRegex;
+#endif
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="IdGenerator"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="responseId">The response ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="randomSeed">Optional random seed for deterministic ID generation. When null, uses cryptographically secure random generation.</param>
+    public IdGenerator(string? responseId, string? conversationId, int? randomSeed = null)
+    {
+        this._random = randomSeed.HasValue ? new Random(randomSeed.Value) : null;
+        this.ResponseId = responseId ?? NewId("resp", random: this._random);
+        this.ConversationId = conversationId ?? NewId("conv", random: this._random);
+        this._partitionId = GetPartitionIdOrDefault(this.ConversationId) ?? string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new ID generator from a create response request.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="request">The create response request.</param>
+    /// <returns>A new ID generator.</returns>
+    public static IdGenerator From(CreateResponse request)
+    {
+        string? responseId = null;
+        request.Metadata?.TryGetValue("response_id", out responseId);
+        return new IdGenerator(responseId, request.Conversation?.Id);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the response ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string ResponseId { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the conversation ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string ConversationId { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a new ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="category">The optional category for the ID.</param>
+    /// <returns>A generated ID string.</returns>
+    public string Generate(string? category = null)
+    {
+        var prefix = string.IsNullOrEmpty(category) ? "id" : category;
+        return NewId(prefix, partitionKey: this._partitionId, random: this._random);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a function call ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A function call ID.</returns>
+    public string GenerateFunctionCallId() => this.Generate("func");
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a function output ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A function output ID.</returns>
+    public string GenerateFunctionOutputId() => this.Generate("funcout");
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a message ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A message ID.</returns>
+    public string GenerateMessageId() => this.Generate("msg");
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a reasoning ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A reasoning ID.</returns>
+    public string GenerateReasoningId() => this.Generate("rs");
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a new ID with a structured format that includes a partition key.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="prefix">The prefix to add to the ID, typically indicating the resource type.</param>
+    /// <param name="stringLength">The length of the random entropy string in the ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="partitionKeyLength">The length of the partition key if generating a new one.</param>
+    /// <param name="infix">Optional additional text to insert between the prefix and the entropy.</param>
+    /// <param name="watermark">Optional text to insert in the middle of the entropy string for traceability.</param>
+    /// <param name="delimiter">The delimiter character used to separate parts of the ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="partitionKey">An explicit partition key to use. When provided, this value will be used instead of generating a new one.</param>
+    /// <param name="partitionKeyHint">An existing ID to extract the partition key from. When provided, the same partition key will be used instead of generating a new one.</param>
+    /// <param name="random">The random number generator.</param>
+    /// <returns>A new ID with format "{prefix}{delimiter}{infix}{entropy}{delimiter}{partitionKey}".</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown when the watermark contains non-alphanumeric characters.</exception>
+    public static string NewId(string prefix, int stringLength = 32, int partitionKeyLength = 16, string infix = "",
+        string watermark = "", string delimiter = "_", string? partitionKey = null, string partitionKeyHint = "",
+        Random? random = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfLessThan(stringLength, 1);
+        var entropy = GetRandomString(stringLength, random);
+
+        string pKey = partitionKey ?? GetPartitionIdOrDefault(partitionKeyHint) ?? GetRandomString(partitionKeyLength, random);
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(watermark))
+        {
+            if (!WatermarkRegex().IsMatch(watermark))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Only alphanumeric characters may be in watermark: {watermark}",
+                    nameof(watermark));
+            }
+
+            entropy = $"{entropy[..(stringLength / 2)]}{watermark}{entropy[(stringLength / 2)..]}";
+        }
+
+        infix ??= "";
+        prefix = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(prefix) ? $"{prefix}{delimiter}" : "";
+        return $"{prefix}{infix}{entropy}{pKey}";
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a secure random alphanumeric string of the specified length.
+    /// When a random seed was provided to the constructor, uses deterministic generation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="stringLength">The desired length of the random string.</param>
+    /// <param name="random">The optional random number generator.</param>
+    /// <returns>A random alphanumeric string.</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown when stringLength is less than 1.</exception>
+    private static string GetRandomString(int stringLength, Random? random)
+    {
+        const string Chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
+        if (random is not null)
+        {
+            // Use deterministic random generation when seed is provided
+            return string.Create(stringLength, random, static (destination, random) =>
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < destination.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    destination[i] = Chars[random.Next(Chars.Length)];
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Use cryptographically secure random generation when no seed is provided
+        return RandomNumberGenerator.GetString(Chars, stringLength);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extracts the partition key from an existing ID, or returns null if extraction fails.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="id">The ID to extract the partition key from.</param>
+    /// <param name="stringLength">The length of the random entropy string in the ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="partitionKeyLength">The length of the partition key if generating a new one.</param>
+    /// <param name="delimiter">The delimiter character used in the ID.</param>
+    /// <returns>The partition key if successfully extracted; otherwise, null.</returns>
+    private static string? GetPartitionIdOrDefault(string? id, int stringLength = 32, int partitionKeyLength = 16,
+        string delimiter = "_")
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var parts = id.Split([delimiter], StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+        if (parts.Length < 2)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (parts[1].Length < stringLength + partitionKeyLength)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // get last partitionKeyLength characters from the last part as the partition key
+        return parts[1][^partitionKeyLength..];
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/IdGeneratorHelpers.cs

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
-
-using System;
-using System.Security.Cryptography;
-using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
-
-namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Shared helpers to generate IDs.
-/// </summary>
-internal static partial class IdGeneratorHelpers
-{
-#if NET9_0_OR_GREATER
-    [GeneratedRegex("^[A-Za-z0-9]+$")]
-    private static partial Regex WatermarkRegex();
-#else
-    private static readonly Regex s_watermarkRegex = new("^[A-Za-z0-9]+$", RegexOptions.Compiled);
-    private static Regex WatermarkRegex() => s_watermarkRegex;
-#endif
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Generates a new ID with a structured format that includes a partition key.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="prefix">The prefix to add to the ID, typically indicating the resource type.</param>
-    /// <param name="stringLength">The length of the random entropy string in the ID.</param>
-    /// <param name="partitionKeyLength">The length of the partition key if generating a new one.</param>
-    /// <param name="infix">Optional additional text to insert between the prefix and the entropy.</param>
-    /// <param name="watermark">Optional text to insert in the middle of the entropy string for traceability.</param>
-    /// <param name="delimiter">The delimiter character used to separate parts of the ID.</param>
-    /// <param name="partitionKey">An explicit partition key to use. When provided, this value will be used instead of generating a new one.</param>
-    /// <param name="partitionKeyHint">An existing ID to extract the partition key from. When provided, the same partition key will be used instead of generating a new one.</param>
-    /// <returns>A new ID with format "{prefix}{delimiter}{infix}{entropy}{delimiter}{partitionKey}".</returns>
-    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown when the watermark contains non-alphanumeric characters.</exception>
-    public static string NewId(string prefix, int stringLength = 32, int partitionKeyLength = 16, string infix = "",
-        string watermark = "", string delimiter = "_", string? partitionKey = null, string partitionKeyHint = "")
-    {
-        ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfLessThan(stringLength, 1);
-        var entropy = GetRandomString(stringLength);
-
-        string pKey = partitionKey ?? GetPartitionIdOrDefault(partitionKeyHint) ?? GetRandomString(partitionKeyLength);
-
-        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(watermark))
-        {
-            if (!WatermarkRegex().IsMatch(watermark))
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException($"Only alphanumeric characters may be in watermark: {watermark}",
-                    nameof(watermark));
-            }
-
-            entropy = $"{entropy[..(stringLength / 2)]}{watermark}{entropy[(stringLength / 2)..]}";
-        }
-
-        infix ??= "";
-        prefix = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(prefix) ? $"{prefix}{delimiter}" : "";
-        return $"{prefix}{infix}{entropy}{pKey}";
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Generates a secure random alphanumeric string of the specified length.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="stringLength">The desired length of the random string.</param>
-    /// <returns>A random alphanumeric string.</returns>
-    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown when stringLength is less than 1.</exception>
-    public static string GetRandomString(int stringLength) =>
-        RandomNumberGenerator.GetString("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789", stringLength);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Extracts the partition key from an existing ID, or returns null if extraction fails.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="id">The ID to extract the partition key from.</param>
-    /// <param name="stringLength">The length of the random entropy string in the ID.</param>
-    /// <param name="partitionKeyLength">The length of the partition key if generating a new one.</param>
-    /// <param name="delimiter">The delimiter character used in the ID.</param>
-    /// <returns>The partition key if successfully extracted; otherwise, null.</returns>
-    public static string? GetPartitionIdOrDefault(string? id, int stringLength = 32, int partitionKeyLength = 16,
-        string delimiter = "_")
-    {
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id))
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var parts = id.Split([delimiter], StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
-        if (parts.Length < 2)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        if (parts[1].Length < stringLength + partitionKeyLength)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // get last partitionKeyLength characters from the last part as the partition key
-        return parts[1][^partitionKeyLength..];
-    }
-}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/InMemoryStorageOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Configuration options for in-memory storage implementations.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class InMemoryStorageOptions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the maximum number of items to store in the cache.
+    /// Default is 1000. Set to null for no size limit.
+    /// </summary>
+    public long? SizeLimit { get; set; } = 1000;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the absolute expiration time for items in storage.
+    /// If specified, items will be expired after this timespan regardless of access.
+    /// Default is null (no absolute expiration).
+    /// </summary>
+    public TimeSpan? AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the sliding expiration for items in storage.
+    /// Items will be expired if not accessed within this timespan.
+    /// Default is 1 hour.
+    /// </summary>
+    public TimeSpan? SlidingExpiration { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromHours(1);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates <see cref="MemoryCacheOptions"/> from these options.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal MemoryCacheOptions ToMemoryCacheOptions() => new()
+    {
+        SizeLimit = this.SizeLimit
+    };
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates <see cref="MemoryCacheEntryOptions"/> from these options.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal MemoryCacheEntryOptions ToMemoryCacheEntryOptions() => new()
+    {
+        AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = this.AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow,
+        SlidingExpiration = this.SlidingExpiration,
+        Size = 1
+    };
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/MemoryCacheExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Extension methods for <see cref="IMemoryCache"/> that provide atomic operations.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// The standard GetOrCreate method has a race condition where multiple threads can simultaneously
+/// detect that a key doesn't exist and create different instances, with only one being cached.
+/// See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/36499
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class MemoryCacheExtensions
+{
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(IMemoryCache, object), SemaphoreSlim> s_semaphores = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Atomically gets the value associated with this key if it exists, or generates a new entry
+    /// using the provided key and a value from the given factory if the key is not found.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the object to get.</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="memoryCache">The <see cref="IMemoryCache"/> instance this method extends.</param>
+    /// <param name="key">The key of the entry to look for or create.</param>
+    /// <param name="factory">The factory that creates the value associated with this key if the key does not exist in the cache.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A tuple containing the value and a flag indicating whether it was created (true) or retrieved from cache (false).</returns>
+    public static async Task<T> GetOrCreateAtomicAsync<T>(
+        this IMemoryCache memoryCache,
+        object key,
+        Func<ICacheEntry, T> factory,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        // Fast path: check if the value already exists
+        if (memoryCache.TryGetValue(key, out object? value))
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(value is not null);
+            return (T)value;
+        }
+
+        // Get or create a semaphore for this cache key
+        bool isOwner = false;
+        var semaphoreKey = (memoryCache, key);
+        if (!s_semaphores.TryGetValue(semaphoreKey, out SemaphoreSlim? semaphore))
+        {
+            SemaphoreSlim? createdSemaphore = null;
+            semaphore = s_semaphores.GetOrAdd(semaphoreKey, _ => createdSemaphore = new SemaphoreSlim(1));
+
+            // If we created the semaphore that made it into the dictionary, we're the owner
+            if (ReferenceEquals(createdSemaphore, semaphore))
+            {
+                isOwner = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Our semaphore wasn't the one stored, so dispose it
+                createdSemaphore?.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        await semaphore.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        try
+        {
+            // Double-check: another thread might have created the value while we were waiting
+            if (!memoryCache.TryGetValue(key, out value))
+            {
+                ICacheEntry entry = memoryCache.CreateEntry(key);
+                entry.SetValue(value = factory(entry));
+                entry.Dispose();
+                Debug.Assert(value is not null);
+                return (T)value;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(value is not null);
+            return (T)value;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            // If we were the owner of the semaphore, remove it from the dictionary
+            // This prevents memory leaks from accumulating semaphores for evicted cache entries
+            if (isOwner)
+            {
+                s_semaphores.TryRemove(semaphoreKey, out _);
+            }
+
+            semaphore.Release();
+        }
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.csproj

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFrameworks>$(ProjectsCoreTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">$(ProjectsDebugCoreTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
-    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);OPENAI001</NoWarn>
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);OPENAI001;MEAI001</NoWarn>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI</RootNamespace>
     <VersionSuffix>alpha</VersionSuffix>
     <InterceptorsNamespaces>$(InterceptorsNamespaces);Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Generated</InterceptorsNamespaces>
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     <PackageReference Include="System.Net.ServerSentEvents" VersionOverride="10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.AI.OpenAI" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Linq.AsyncEnumerable" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory" />
   </ItemGroup>
   
   <ItemGroup>

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Models/DeleteResponse.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Response for a delete operation.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class DeleteResponse
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the deleted object.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("id")]
+    public required string Id { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The object type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("object")]
+    [SuppressMessage("Naming", "CA1720:Identifiers should not match keywords", Justification = "Matches OpenAI API specification")]
+    public required string Object { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the object was successfully deleted.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("deleted")]
+    public required bool Deleted { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Models/ErrorResponse.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents an error response from the OpenAI APIs.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ErrorResponse
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the error details.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("error")]
+    public required ErrorDetails Error { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents the details of an error.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ErrorDetails
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the error message.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("message")]
+    public required string Message { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the error type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("type")]
+    public required string Type { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the error code.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("code")]
+    public string? Code { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the parameter that caused the error.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("param")]
+    public string? Param { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Models/ListResponse.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Generic list response for paginated results.
+/// Used across the OpenAI API for listing resources.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ListResponse<T>
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The object type, always "list".
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("object")]
+    [SuppressMessage("Naming", "CA1720:Identifiers should not match keywords", Justification = "Matches OpenAI API specification")]
+    public string Object => "list";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The list of items.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("data")]
+    public required List<T> Data { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the first item in the list.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("first_id")]
+    public string? FirstId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the last item in the list.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("last_id")]
+    public string? LastId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether there are more items available.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("has_more")]
+    public required bool HasMore { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Models/SortOrder.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Specifies the sort order for list operations.
+/// </summary>
+[JsonConverter(typeof(SortOrderJsonConverter))]
+internal enum SortOrder
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sort in ascending order (oldest to newest).
+    /// </summary>
+    Ascending,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sort in descending order (newest to oldest).
+    /// </summary>
+    Descending
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Custom JSON converter for SortOrder enum to serialize as "asc" and "desc".
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class SortOrderJsonConverter : JsonConverter<SortOrder>
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override SortOrder Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+    {
+        var value = reader.GetString();
+        return value switch
+        {
+            string s when s.Equals("asc", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) => SortOrder.Ascending,
+            string s when s.Equals("desc", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) => SortOrder.Descending,
+            null => throw new JsonException("SortOrder value cannot be null"),
+            _ => throw new JsonException($"Invalid SortOrder value: {value}")
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, SortOrder value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+    {
+        var stringValue = value switch
+        {
+            SortOrder.Ascending => "asc",
+            SortOrder.Descending => "desc",
+            _ => throw new JsonException($"Invalid SortOrder value: {value}")
+        };
+        writer.WriteStringValue(stringValue);
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/OpenAIHostingJsonUtilities.cs

@@ -4,16 +4,54 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 
-namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Provides JSON serialization options and context for OpenAI Hosting APIs to support AOT and trimming.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class OpenAIHostingJsonUtilities
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the default <see cref="JsonSerializerOptions"/> instance used for OpenAI API serialization.
+    /// Includes support for AIContent types and all OpenAI-related types.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static JsonSerializerOptions DefaultOptions { get; } = CreateDefaultOptions();
+
+    private static JsonSerializerOptions CreateDefaultOptions()
+    {
+        JsonSerializerOptions options = new(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.Options);
+        options.TypeInfoResolverChain.Add(AgentAbstractionsJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.TypeInfoResolver!);
+        options.MakeReadOnly();
+        return options;
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Provides a unified JSON serialization context for all OpenAI Hosting APIs to support AOT and trimming.
+/// Combines Conversations and Responses API types.
+/// </summary>
 [JsonSourceGenerationOptions(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web,
-        DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull,
-        NumberHandling = JsonNumberHandling.AllowReadingFromString,
-        AllowOutOfOrderMetadataProperties = true,
-        WriteIndented = false)]
-[JsonSerializable(typeof(Dictionary<string, string>))]
+    DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull,
+    NumberHandling = JsonNumberHandling.AllowReadingFromString,
+    AllowOutOfOrderMetadataProperties = true,
+    WriteIndented = false)]
+// Conversations API types
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(Conversation))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ListResponse<Conversation>))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(CreateConversationRequest))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(CreateItemsRequest))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(UpdateConversationRequest))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ListResponse<ItemResource>))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<Conversation>))]
+// Shared types
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(DeleteResponse))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ErrorResponse))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ErrorDetails))]
+// Responses API types
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(CreateResponse))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(Response))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(StreamingResponseEvent))]
@@ -40,11 +78,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponseInput))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(InputMessage))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(List<InputMessage>))]
-[JsonSerializable(typeof(IReadOnlyList<InputMessage>))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(InputMessageContent))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponseStatus))]
-[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<ItemContent>))]
-[JsonSerializable(typeof(IList<ItemContent>))]
+// ItemResource types
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ItemResource))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponsesMessageItemResource))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource))]
@@ -67,8 +103,35 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(MCPApprovalRequestItemResource))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(MCPApprovalResponseItemResource))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(MCPCallItemResource))]
-[JsonSerializable(typeof(IList<ItemResource>))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(List<ItemResource>))]
+// ItemParam types
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponsesMessageItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponsesUserMessageItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponsesAssistantMessageItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponsesSystemMessageItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(FunctionToolCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(FunctionToolCallOutputItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(FileSearchToolCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ComputerToolCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ComputerToolCallOutputItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(WebSearchToolCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ReasoningItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ItemReferenceItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ImageGenerationToolCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(CodeInterpreterToolCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(LocalShellToolCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(LocalShellToolCallOutputItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(MCPListToolsItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(MCPApprovalRequestItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(MCPApprovalResponseItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(MCPCallItemParam))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<ItemParam>))]
+// ItemContent types
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<ItemContent>))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(IReadOnlyList<ItemContent>))]
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(ItemContent[]))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ItemContent))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ItemContentInputText))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ItemContentInputAudio))]
@@ -82,5 +145,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponseTextFormatConfigurationText))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonObject))]
 [JsonSerializable(typeof(ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonSchema))]
+// Common types
+[JsonSerializable(typeof(Dictionary<string, string>))]
 [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
-internal sealed partial class ResponsesJsonContext : JsonSerializerContext;
+internal sealed partial class OpenAIHostingJsonContext : JsonSerializerContext;

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/AIAgentResponseExecutor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Response executor that uses an AIAgent to execute responses locally.
+/// This is the default implementation for local execution.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class AIAgentResponseExecutor : IResponseExecutor
+{
+    private readonly AIAgent _agent;
+
+    public AIAgentResponseExecutor(AIAgent agent)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(agent);
+        this._agent = agent;
+    }
+
+    public async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ExecuteAsync(
+        AgentInvocationContext context,
+        CreateResponse request,
+        [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        // Create options with properties from the request
+        var chatOptions = new ChatOptions
+        {
+            ConversationId = request.Conversation?.Id,
+            Temperature = (float?)request.Temperature,
+            TopP = (float?)request.TopP,
+            MaxOutputTokens = request.MaxOutputTokens,
+            Instructions = request.Instructions,
+            ModelId = request.Model,
+        };
+        var options = new ChatClientAgentRunOptions(chatOptions);
+
+        // Convert input to chat messages
+        var messages = new List<ChatMessage>();
+
+        foreach (var inputMessage in request.Input.GetInputMessages())
+        {
+            messages.Add(inputMessage.ToChatMessage());
+        }
+
+        // Use the extension method to convert streaming updates to streaming response events
+        await foreach (var streamingEvent in this._agent.RunStreamingAsync(messages, options: options, cancellationToken: cancellationToken)
+            .ToStreamingResponseAsync(request, context, cancellationToken)
+            .ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            yield return streamingEvent;
+        }
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/AIAgentResponsesProcessor.cs

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
-
-using System;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Net.ServerSentEvents;
-using System.Text.Json;
-using System.Threading;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
-
-namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// OpenAI Responses processor for <see cref="AIAgent"/>.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class AIAgentResponsesProcessor
-{
-    public static async Task<IResult> CreateModelResponseAsync(AIAgent agent, CreateResponse request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-    {
-        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(agent);
-
-        var context = new AgentInvocationContext(idGenerator: IdGenerator.From(request));
-        if (request.Stream == true)
-        {
-            return new StreamingResponse(agent, request, context);
-        }
-
-        var messages = request.Input.GetInputMessages().Select(i => i.ToChatMessage());
-        var response = await agent.RunAsync(messages, cancellationToken: cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-        return Results.Ok(response.ToResponse(request, context));
-    }
-
-    private sealed class StreamingResponse(AIAgent agent, CreateResponse createResponse, AgentInvocationContext context) : IResult
-    {
-        public Task ExecuteAsync(HttpContext httpContext)
-        {
-            var cancellationToken = httpContext.RequestAborted;
-            var response = httpContext.Response;
-
-            // Set SSE headers
-            response.Headers.ContentType = "text/event-stream";
-            response.Headers.CacheControl = "no-cache,no-store";
-            response.Headers.Connection = "keep-alive";
-            response.Headers.ContentEncoding = "identity";
-            httpContext.Features.GetRequiredFeature<IHttpResponseBodyFeature>().DisableBuffering();
-
-            var chatMessages = createResponse.Input.GetInputMessages().Select(i => i.ToChatMessage()).ToList();
-            var events = agent.RunStreamingAsync(chatMessages, cancellationToken: cancellationToken)
-                .ToStreamingResponseAsync(createResponse, context, cancellationToken)
-                .Select(static evt => new SseItem<StreamingResponseEvent>(evt, evt.Type));
-            return SseFormatter.WriteAsync(
-                source: events,
-                destination: response.Body,
-                itemFormatter: static (sseItem, bufferWriter) =>
-                {
-                    using var writer = new Utf8JsonWriter(bufferWriter);
-                    JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, sseItem.Data, ResponsesJsonContext.Default.StreamingResponseEvent);
-                    writer.Flush();
-                },
-                cancellationToken);
-        }
-    }
-}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/AgentInvocationContext.cs

@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ internal sealed class AgentInvocationContext(IdGenerator idGenerator, JsonSerial
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the JSON serializer options.
     /// </summary>
-    public JsonSerializerOptions JsonSerializerOptions { get; } = jsonSerializerOptions ?? ResponsesJsonSerializerOptions.Default;
+    public JsonSerializerOptions JsonSerializerOptions { get; } = jsonSerializerOptions ?? OpenAIHostingJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions;
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/AgentRunResponseExtensions.cs

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
 /// </summary>
 internal static class AgentRunResponseExtensions
 {
+    private static ChatRole s_DeveloperRole => new("developer");
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Converts an AgentRunResponse to a Response model.
     /// </summary>
@@ -44,38 +46,38 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseExtensions
 
         return new Response
         {
-            Id = context.ResponseId,
-            CreatedAt = (agentRunResponse.CreatedAt ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow).ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
-            Model = request.Agent?.Name ?? request.Model,
-            Status = ResponseStatus.Completed,
             Agent = request.Agent?.ToAgentId(),
+            Background = request.Background,
             Conversation = request.Conversation ?? (context.ConversationId != null ? new ConversationReference { Id = context.ConversationId } : null),
-            Metadata = request.Metadata is IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> metadata ? new Dictionary<string, string>(metadata) : [],
+            CreatedAt = (agentRunResponse.CreatedAt ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow).ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
+            Error = null,
+            Id = context.ResponseId,
             Instructions = request.Instructions,
-            Temperature = request.Temperature ?? 1.0,
-            TopP = request.TopP ?? 1.0,
-            Output = output,
-            Usage = agentRunResponse.Usage.ToResponseUsage(),
-            ParallelToolCalls = request.ParallelToolCalls ?? true,
-            Tools = [.. request.Tools ?? []],
-            ToolChoice = request.ToolChoice,
-            ServiceTier = request.ServiceTier ?? "default",
-            Store = request.Store ?? true,
-            PreviousResponseId = request.PreviousResponseId,
-            Reasoning = request.Reasoning,
-            Text = request.Text,
             MaxOutputTokens = request.MaxOutputTokens,
+            MaxToolCalls = request.MaxToolCalls,
+            Metadata = request.Metadata is IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> metadata ? new Dictionary<string, string>(metadata) : [],
+            Model = request.Agent?.Name ?? request.Model,
+            Output = output,
+            ParallelToolCalls = request.ParallelToolCalls ?? true,
+            PreviousResponseId = request.PreviousResponseId,
+            Prompt = request.Prompt,
+            PromptCacheKey = request.PromptCacheKey,
+            Reasoning = request.Reasoning,
+            SafetyIdentifier = request.SafetyIdentifier,
+            ServiceTier = request.ServiceTier ?? "default",
+            Status = ResponseStatus.Completed,
+            Store = request.Store ?? true,
+            Temperature = request.Temperature ?? 1.0,
+            Text = request.Text,
+            ToolChoice = request.ToolChoice,
+            Tools = [.. request.Tools ?? []],
+            TopLogprobs = request.TopLogprobs,
+            TopP = request.TopP ?? 1.0,
             Truncation = request.Truncation,
+            Usage = agentRunResponse.Usage.ToResponseUsage(),
 #pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
             User = request.User,
 #pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
-            PromptCacheKey = request.PromptCacheKey,
-            SafetyIdentifier = request.SafetyIdentifier,
-            TopLogprobs = request.TopLogprobs,
-            MaxToolCalls = request.MaxToolCalls,
-            Background = request.Background,
-            Prompt = request.Prompt,
-            Error = null
         };
     }
 
@@ -88,22 +90,19 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseExtensions
     /// <returns>An enumerable of ItemResource objects.</returns>
     public static IEnumerable<ItemResource> ToItemResource(this ChatMessage message, IdGenerator idGenerator, JsonSerializerOptions jsonSerializerOptions)
     {
-        IList<ItemContent> contents = [];
-        foreach (var content in message.Contents)
+        List<ItemContent> contents = [];
+        foreach (AIContent content in message.Contents)
         {
             switch (content)
             {
                 case FunctionCallContent functionCallContent:
-                    // message.Role == ChatRole.Assistant
                     yield return functionCallContent.ToFunctionToolCallItemResource(idGenerator.GenerateFunctionCallId(), jsonSerializerOptions);
                     break;
                 case FunctionResultContent functionResultContent:
-                    // message.Role == ChatRole.Tool
                     yield return functionResultContent.ToFunctionToolCallOutputItemResource(
                         idGenerator.GenerateFunctionOutputId());
                     break;
                 default:
-                    // message.Role == ChatRole.Assistant
                     if (ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) is { } itemContent)
                     {
                         contents.Add(itemContent);
@@ -115,12 +114,34 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseExtensions
 
         if (contents.Count > 0)
         {
-            yield return new ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource
-            {
-                Id = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId(),
-                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
-                Content = contents
-            };
+            List<ItemContent> contentArray = contents;
+            string messageId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
+
+            yield return
+                message.Role == ChatRole.User ? new ResponsesUserMessageItemResource
+                {
+                    Id = messageId,
+                    Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                    Content = contentArray
+                } :
+                message.Role == ChatRole.System ? new ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource
+                {
+                    Id = messageId,
+                    Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                    Content = contentArray
+                } :
+                message.Role == s_DeveloperRole ? new ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource
+                {
+                    Id = messageId,
+                    Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                    Content = contentArray
+                } :
+                new ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource
+                {
+                    Id = messageId,
+                    Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                    Content = contentArray
+                };
         }
     }
 
@@ -168,6 +189,49 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseExtensions
         };
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts an InputMessage to ItemResource objects.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="inputMessage">The input message to convert.</param>
+    /// <param name="idGenerator">The ID generator to use for creating IDs.</param>
+    /// <returns>An enumerable of ItemResource objects.</returns>
+    public static IEnumerable<ItemResource> ToItemResource(this InputMessage inputMessage, IdGenerator idGenerator)
+    {
+        // Convert InputMessageContent to ItemContent array
+        List<ItemContent> contentArray = inputMessage.Content.ToItemContents();
+
+        // Generate a message ID
+        string messageId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
+
+        // Create the appropriate message type based on role
+        ChatRole role = new(inputMessage.Role.Value);
+        yield return
+            role == ChatRole.User ? new ResponsesUserMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = messageId,
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                Content = contentArray
+            } :
+            role == ChatRole.System ? new ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = messageId,
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                Content = contentArray
+            } :
+            role == s_DeveloperRole ? new ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = messageId,
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                Content = contentArray
+            } :
+            new ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = messageId,
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed,
+                Content = contentArray
+            };
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Converts UsageDetails to ResponseUsage.
     /// </summary>

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/AgentRunResponseUpdateExtensions.cs

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Streaming;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
 
 namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseUpdateExtensions
     /// <param name="context">The agent invocation context.</param>
     /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
     /// <returns>A stream of response events.</returns>
-    internal static async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ToStreamingResponseAsync(
+    public static async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ToStreamingResponseAsync(
         this IAsyncEnumerable<AgentRunResponseUpdate> updates,
         CreateResponse request,
         AgentInvocationContext context,
@@ -50,6 +52,13 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseUpdateExtensions
             cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
             var update = updateEnumerator.Current;
 
+            // Special-case for agent framework workflow events.
+            if (update.RawRepresentation is WorkflowEvent workflowEvent)
+            {
+                yield return CreateWorkflowEventResponse(workflowEvent, seq.Increment(), outputIndex);
+                continue;
+            }
+
             if (!IsSameMessage(update, previousUpdate))
             {
                 // Finalize the current generator when moving to a new message.
@@ -99,6 +108,8 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseUpdateExtensions
                         TextReasoningContent => new TextReasoningContentEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex),
                         FunctionCallContent => new FunctionCallEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex, context.JsonSerializerOptions),
                         FunctionResultContent => new FunctionResultEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex),
+                        FunctionApprovalRequestContent => new FunctionApprovalRequestEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex, context.JsonSerializerOptions),
+                        FunctionApprovalResponseContent => new FunctionApprovalResponseEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex),
                         ErrorContent => new ErrorContentEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex),
                         UriContent uriContent when uriContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image") => new ImageContentEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex),
                         DataContent dataContent when dataContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image") => new ImageContentEventGenerator(context.IdGenerator, seq, outputIndex),
@@ -144,38 +155,38 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseUpdateExtensions
         {
             return new Response
             {
-                Id = context.ResponseId,
-                CreatedAt = createdAt.ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
-                Model = request.Agent?.Name ?? request.Model,
-                Status = status,
                 Agent = request.Agent?.ToAgentId(),
+                Background = request.Background,
                 Conversation = request.Conversation ?? new ConversationReference { Id = context.ConversationId },
-                Metadata = request.Metadata != null ? new Dictionary<string, string>(request.Metadata) : [],
+                CreatedAt = createdAt.ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
+                Error = null,
+                Id = context.ResponseId,
                 Instructions = request.Instructions,
-                Temperature = request.Temperature ?? 1.0,
-                TopP = request.TopP ?? 1.0,
-                Output = outputs?.ToList() ?? [],
-                Usage = latestUsage,
-                ParallelToolCalls = request.ParallelToolCalls ?? true,
-                Tools = [.. request.Tools ?? []],
-                ToolChoice = request.ToolChoice,
-                ServiceTier = request.ServiceTier ?? "default",
-                Store = request.Store ?? true,
-                PreviousResponseId = request.PreviousResponseId,
-                Reasoning = request.Reasoning,
-                Text = request.Text,
                 MaxOutputTokens = request.MaxOutputTokens,
+                MaxToolCalls = request.MaxToolCalls,
+                Metadata = request.Metadata != null ? new Dictionary<string, string>(request.Metadata) : [],
+                Model = request.Agent?.Name ?? request.Model,
+                Output = outputs?.ToList() ?? [],
+                ParallelToolCalls = request.ParallelToolCalls ?? true,
+                PreviousResponseId = request.PreviousResponseId,
+                Prompt = request.Prompt,
+                PromptCacheKey = request.PromptCacheKey,
+                Reasoning = request.Reasoning,
+                SafetyIdentifier = request.SafetyIdentifier,
+                ServiceTier = request.ServiceTier,
+                Status = status,
+                Store = request.Store ?? true,
+                Temperature = request.Temperature ?? 1.0,
+                Text = request.Text,
+                ToolChoice = request.ToolChoice,
+                Tools = [.. request.Tools ?? []],
+                TopLogprobs = request.TopLogprobs,
+                TopP = request.TopP ?? 1.0,
                 Truncation = request.Truncation,
+                Usage = latestUsage,
 #pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
                 User = request.User,
-                PromptCacheKey = request.PromptCacheKey,
 #pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
-                SafetyIdentifier = request.SafetyIdentifier,
-                TopLogprobs = request.TopLogprobs,
-                MaxToolCalls = request.MaxToolCalls,
-                Background = request.Background,
-                Prompt = request.Prompt,
-                Error = null
             };
         }
     }
@@ -192,4 +203,49 @@ internal static class AgentRunResponseUpdateExtensions
         static bool IsSameRole(ChatRole? value1, ChatRole? value2) =>
             !value1.HasValue || !value2.HasValue || value1.Value == value2.Value;
     }
+
+    private static StreamingWorkflowEventComplete CreateWorkflowEventResponse(WorkflowEvent workflowEvent, int sequenceNumber, int outputIndex)
+    {
+        // Extract executor_id if this is an ExecutorEvent
+        string? executorId = null;
+        if (workflowEvent is ExecutorEvent execEvent)
+        {
+            executorId = execEvent.ExecutorId;
+        }
+        JsonElement eventData;
+        if (JsonSerializer.IsReflectionEnabledByDefault)
+        {
+            JsonElement? dataElement = null;
+            if (workflowEvent.Data is not null)
+            {
+                dataElement = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(workflowEvent.Data, OpenAIHostingJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(object)));
+            }
+
+            var eventDataObj = new WorkflowEventData
+            {
+                EventType = workflowEvent.GetType().Name,
+                Data = dataElement,
+                ExecutorId = executorId,
+                Timestamp = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("O")
+            };
+
+            eventData = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(eventDataObj, OpenAIHostingJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(WorkflowEventData)));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            eventData = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(
+                "Unsupported. Workflow event serialization is currently only supported when JsonSerializer.IsReflectionEnabledByDefault is true.",
+                OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.String);
+        }
+
+        // Create the properly typed streaming workflow event
+        return new StreamingWorkflowEventComplete
+        {
+            SequenceNumber = sequenceNumber,
+            OutputIndex = outputIndex,
+            Data = eventData,
+            ExecutorId = executorId,
+            ItemId = IdGenerator.NewId(prefix: "wf", stringLength: 8, delimiter: "")
+        };
+    }
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Converters/ItemContentConverter.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,23 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
 /// </summary>
 internal static class ItemContentConverter
 {
+    private static string AudioFormatToMediaType(string? format) =>
+        format?.Equals("mp3", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == true ? "audio/mpeg" :
+        format?.Equals("wav", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == true ? "audio/wav" :
+        format?.Equals("opus", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == true ? "audio/opus" :
+        format?.Equals("aac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == true ? "audio/aac" :
+        format?.Equals("flac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == true ? "audio/flac" :
+        format?.Equals("pcm16", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == true ? "audio/pcm" :
+        "audio/*";
+
+    private static string MediaTypeToAudioFormat(string mediaType) =>
+        mediaType.Equals("audio/mpeg", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "mp3" :
+        mediaType.Equals("audio/wav", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "wav" :
+        mediaType.Equals("audio/opus", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "opus" :
+        mediaType.Equals("audio/aac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "aac" :
+        mediaType.Equals("audio/flac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "flac" :
+        mediaType.Equals("audio/pcm", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "pcm16" :
+        "mp3";
     /// <summary>
     /// Converts <see cref="ItemContent"/> to <see cref="AIContent"/>.
     /// </summary>
@@ -49,16 +66,7 @@ internal static class ItemContentConverter
 
             // Audio content - map to DataContent with media type based on format
             ItemContentInputAudio inputAudio =>
-                new DataContent(inputAudio.Data, inputAudio.Format?.ToUpperInvariant() switch
-                {
-                    "MP3" => "audio/mpeg",
-                    "WAV" => "audio/wav",
-                    "OPUS" => "audio/opus",
-                    "AAC" => "audio/aac",
-                    "FLAC" => "audio/flac",
-                    "PCM16" => "audio/pcm",
-                    _ => "audio/*"
-                }),
+                new DataContent(inputAudio.Data, AudioFormatToMediaType(inputAudio.Format)),
             ItemContentOutputAudio outputAudio =>
                 new DataContent(outputAudio.Data, "audio/*"),
 
@@ -104,34 +112,28 @@ internal static class ItemContentConverter
                     ImageUrl = uriContent.Uri?.ToString(),
                     Detail = GetImageDetail(uriContent)
                 },
+            HostedFileContent hostedFile =>
+                new ItemContentInputFile
+                {
+                    FileId = hostedFile.FileId
+                },
             DataContent dataContent when dataContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image") =>
                 new ItemContentInputImage
                 {
                     ImageUrl = dataContent.Uri,
                     Detail = GetImageDetail(dataContent)
                 },
-            HostedFileContent hostedFile =>
-                new ItemContentInputFile
-                {
-                    FileId = hostedFile.FileId
-                },
-            DataContent fileData when !fileData.HasTopLevelMediaType("image") && !fileData.HasTopLevelMediaType("audio") =>
-                new ItemContentInputFile
-                {
-                    FileData = fileData.Uri,
-                    Filename = fileData.Name
-                },
             DataContent audioData when audioData.HasTopLevelMediaType("audio") =>
                 new ItemContentInputAudio
                 {
                     Data = audioData.Uri,
-                    Format = audioData.MediaType.Equals("audio/mpeg", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "mp3" :
-                        audioData.MediaType.Equals("audio/wav", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "wav" :
-                        audioData.MediaType.Equals("audio/opus", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "opus" :
-                        audioData.MediaType.Equals("audio/aac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "aac" :
-                        audioData.MediaType.Equals("audio/flac", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "flac" :
-                        audioData.MediaType.Equals("audio/pcm", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? "pcm16" :
-                        "mp3" // Default to mp3
+                    Format = MediaTypeToAudioFormat(audioData.MediaType)
+                },
+            DataContent fileData =>
+                new ItemContentInputFile
+                {
+                    FileData = fileData.Uri,
+                    Filename = fileData.Name
                 },
             // Other AIContent types (FunctionCallContent, FunctionResultContent, etc.)
             // are handled separately in the Responses API as different ItemResource types, not ItemContent

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Converters/ItemParamConverter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// JSON converter for ItemParam that handles polymorphic deserialization based on the "type" discriminator.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ItemParamConverter : JsonConverter<ItemParam>
+{
+    public override ItemParam? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+    {
+        using var doc = JsonDocument.ParseValue(ref reader);
+        var root = doc.RootElement;
+
+        if (!root.TryGetProperty("type", out var typeElement))
+        {
+            throw new JsonException("ItemParam must have a 'type' property");
+        }
+
+        var type = typeElement.GetString();
+
+        // Use OpenAIJsonContext directly since it has all the ItemParam type metadata
+        return type switch
+        {
+            "message" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesMessageItemParam),
+            "function_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FunctionToolCallItemParam),
+            "function_call_output" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FunctionToolCallOutputItemParam),
+            "file_search_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FileSearchToolCallItemParam),
+            "computer_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ComputerToolCallItemParam),
+            "computer_call_output" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ComputerToolCallOutputItemParam),
+            "web_search_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.WebSearchToolCallItemParam),
+            "reasoning" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ReasoningItemParam),
+            "item_reference" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ItemReferenceItemParam),
+            "image_generation_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ImageGenerationToolCallItemParam),
+            "code_interpreter_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.CodeInterpreterToolCallItemParam),
+            "local_shell_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.LocalShellToolCallItemParam),
+            "local_shell_call_output" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.LocalShellToolCallOutputItemParam),
+            "mcp_list_tools" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPListToolsItemParam),
+            "mcp_approval_request" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPApprovalRequestItemParam),
+            "mcp_approval_response" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPApprovalResponseItemParam),
+            "mcp_call" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPCallItemParam),
+            _ => null // Ignore unknown types.
+        };
+    }
+
+    public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, ItemParam value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+    {
+        // Use OpenAIJsonContext directly to serialize the concrete type
+        JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.Options.GetTypeInfo(value.GetType()));
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Converters/ItemResourceConverter.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
 using System;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
@@ -11,137 +10,101 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
 /// <summary>
 /// JSON converter for ItemResource that handles type discrimination.
 /// </summary>
-[ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
 internal sealed class ItemResourceConverter : JsonConverter<ItemResource>
 {
-    private readonly ResponsesJsonContext _context;
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ItemResourceConverter"/> class.
-    /// </summary>
-    public ItemResourceConverter()
-    {
-        this._context = ResponsesJsonContext.Default;
-    }
-
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override ItemResource? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
-        // Clone the reader to peek at the JSON
-        Utf8JsonReader readerClone = reader;
+        using var doc = JsonDocument.ParseValue(ref reader);
+        var root = doc.RootElement;
 
-        // Read through the JSON to find the type property
-        string? type = null;
-
-        if (readerClone.TokenType != JsonTokenType.StartObject)
+        if (!root.TryGetProperty("type", out var typeElement))
         {
-            throw new JsonException("Expected start of object");
+            throw new JsonException("ItemResource must have a 'type' property");
         }
 
-        while (readerClone.Read())
-        {
-            if (readerClone.TokenType == JsonTokenType.EndObject)
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            if (readerClone.TokenType == JsonTokenType.PropertyName)
-            {
-                string propertyName = readerClone.GetString()!;
-                readerClone.Read(); // Move to the value
-
-                if (propertyName == "type")
-                {
-                    type = readerClone.GetString();
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                if (readerClone.TokenType is JsonTokenType.StartObject or JsonTokenType.StartArray)
-                {
-                    // Skip nested objects/arrays
-                    readerClone.Skip();
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        var type = typeElement.GetString();
 
         // Determine the concrete type based on the type discriminator and deserialize using the source generation context
         return type switch
         {
-            ResponsesMessageItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ResponsesMessageItemResource),
-            FileSearchToolCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.FileSearchToolCallItemResource),
-            FunctionToolCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.FunctionToolCallItemResource),
-            FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource),
-            ComputerToolCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ComputerToolCallItemResource),
-            ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource),
-            WebSearchToolCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.WebSearchToolCallItemResource),
-            ReasoningItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ReasoningItemResource),
-            ItemReferenceItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ItemReferenceItemResource),
-            ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource),
-            CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource),
-            LocalShellToolCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.LocalShellToolCallItemResource),
-            LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource),
-            MCPListToolsItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.MCPListToolsItemResource),
-            MCPApprovalRequestItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.MCPApprovalRequestItemResource),
-            MCPApprovalResponseItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.MCPApprovalResponseItemResource),
-            MCPCallItemResource.ItemType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.MCPCallItemResource),
-            _ => throw new JsonException($"Unknown item type: {type}")
+            ResponsesMessageItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesMessageItemResource),
+            FileSearchToolCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FileSearchToolCallItemResource),
+            FunctionToolCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FunctionToolCallItemResource),
+            FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource),
+            ComputerToolCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ComputerToolCallItemResource),
+            ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource),
+            WebSearchToolCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.WebSearchToolCallItemResource),
+            ReasoningItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ReasoningItemResource),
+            ItemReferenceItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ItemReferenceItemResource),
+            ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource),
+            CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource),
+            LocalShellToolCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.LocalShellToolCallItemResource),
+            LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource),
+            MCPListToolsItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPListToolsItemResource),
+            MCPApprovalRequestItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPApprovalRequestItemResource),
+            MCPApprovalResponseItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPApprovalResponseItemResource),
+            MCPCallItemResource.ItemType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPCallItemResource),
+            _ => null
         };
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, ItemResource value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         // Directly serialize using the appropriate type info from the context
         switch (value)
         {
             case ResponsesMessageItemResource message:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, message, this._context.ResponsesMessageItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, message, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesMessageItemResource);
                 break;
             case FileSearchToolCallItemResource fileSearch:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, fileSearch, this._context.FileSearchToolCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, fileSearch, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FileSearchToolCallItemResource);
                 break;
             case FunctionToolCallItemResource functionCall:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, functionCall, this._context.FunctionToolCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, functionCall, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FunctionToolCallItemResource);
                 break;
             case FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource functionOutput:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, functionOutput, this._context.FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, functionOutput, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource);
                 break;
             case ComputerToolCallItemResource computerCall:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, computerCall, this._context.ComputerToolCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, computerCall, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ComputerToolCallItemResource);
                 break;
             case ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource computerOutput:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, computerOutput, this._context.ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, computerOutput, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource);
                 break;
             case WebSearchToolCallItemResource webSearch:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, webSearch, this._context.WebSearchToolCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, webSearch, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.WebSearchToolCallItemResource);
                 break;
             case ReasoningItemResource reasoning:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, reasoning, this._context.ReasoningItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, reasoning, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ReasoningItemResource);
                 break;
             case ItemReferenceItemResource itemReference:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, itemReference, this._context.ItemReferenceItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, itemReference, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ItemReferenceItemResource);
                 break;
             case ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource imageGeneration:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, imageGeneration, this._context.ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, imageGeneration, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource);
                 break;
             case CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource codeInterpreter:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, codeInterpreter, this._context.CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, codeInterpreter, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource);
                 break;
             case LocalShellToolCallItemResource localShell:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, localShell, this._context.LocalShellToolCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, localShell, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.LocalShellToolCallItemResource);
                 break;
             case LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource localShellOutput:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, localShellOutput, this._context.LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, localShellOutput, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource);
                 break;
             case MCPListToolsItemResource mcpListTools:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpListTools, this._context.MCPListToolsItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpListTools, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPListToolsItemResource);
                 break;
             case MCPApprovalRequestItemResource mcpApprovalRequest:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpApprovalRequest, this._context.MCPApprovalRequestItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpApprovalRequest, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPApprovalRequestItemResource);
                 break;
             case MCPApprovalResponseItemResource mcpApprovalResponse:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpApprovalResponse, this._context.MCPApprovalResponseItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpApprovalResponse, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPApprovalResponseItemResource);
                 break;
             case MCPCallItemResource mcpCall:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpCall, this._context.MCPCallItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, mcpCall, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.MCPCallItemResource);
                 break;
             default:
                 throw new JsonException($"Unknown item type: {value.GetType().Name}");

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Converters/ResponsesMessageItemParamConverter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// JSON converter for ResponsesMessageItemParam that handles role-based polymorphic deserialization.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ResponsesMessageItemParamConverter : JsonConverter<ResponsesMessageItemParam>
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override ResponsesMessageItemParam? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+    {
+        using var doc = JsonDocument.ParseValue(ref reader);
+        var root = doc.RootElement;
+
+        if (!root.TryGetProperty("role", out var roleElement))
+        {
+            throw new JsonException("ResponsesMessageItemParam must have a 'role' property");
+        }
+
+        var role = roleElement.GetString();
+
+        return role switch
+        {
+            "user" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesUserMessageItemParam),
+            "assistant" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesAssistantMessageItemParam),
+            "system" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesSystemMessageItemParam),
+            "developer" => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemParam),
+            _ => throw new JsonException($"Unknown message role: {role}")
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, ResponsesMessageItemParam value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+    {
+        switch (value)
+        {
+            case ResponsesUserMessageItemParam user:
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, user, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesUserMessageItemParam);
+                break;
+            case ResponsesAssistantMessageItemParam assistant:
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, assistant, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesAssistantMessageItemParam);
+                break;
+            case ResponsesSystemMessageItemParam system:
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, system, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesSystemMessageItemParam);
+                break;
+            case ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemParam developer:
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, developer, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemParam);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new JsonException($"Unknown message type: {value.GetType().Name}");
+        }
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Converters/ResponsesMessageItemResourceConverter.cs

@@ -14,82 +14,47 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
 [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
 internal sealed class ResponsesMessageItemResourceConverter : JsonConverter<ResponsesMessageItemResource>
 {
-    private readonly ResponsesJsonContext _context;
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ResponsesMessageItemResourceConverter"/> class.
-    /// </summary>
-    public ResponsesMessageItemResourceConverter()
-    {
-        this._context = ResponsesJsonContext.Default;
-    }
-
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override ResponsesMessageItemResource? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
-        // Clone the reader to peek at the JSON
-        Utf8JsonReader readerClone = reader;
+        using var doc = JsonDocument.ParseValue(ref reader);
+        var root = doc.RootElement;
 
-        // Read through the JSON to find the role property
-        string? role = null;
-
-        if (readerClone.TokenType != JsonTokenType.StartObject)
+        if (!root.TryGetProperty("role", out var roleElement))
         {
-            throw new JsonException("Expected start of object");
+            throw new JsonException("ResponsesMessageItemResource must have a 'role' property");
         }
 
-        while (readerClone.Read())
-        {
-            if (readerClone.TokenType == JsonTokenType.EndObject)
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            if (readerClone.TokenType == JsonTokenType.PropertyName)
-            {
-                string propertyName = readerClone.GetString()!;
-                readerClone.Read(); // Move to the value
-
-                if (propertyName == "role")
-                {
-                    role = readerClone.GetString();
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                if (readerClone.TokenType is JsonTokenType.StartObject or JsonTokenType.StartArray)
-                {
-                    // Skip nested objects/arrays
-                    readerClone.Skip();
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        var role = roleElement.GetString();
 
         // Determine the concrete type based on the role and deserialize using the source generation context
         return role switch
         {
-            ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource.RoleType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource),
-            ResponsesUserMessageItemResource.RoleType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ResponsesUserMessageItemResource),
-            ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource.RoleType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource),
-            ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource.RoleType => JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, this._context.ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource),
+            ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource.RoleType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource),
+            ResponsesUserMessageItemResource.RoleType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesUserMessageItemResource),
+            ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource.RoleType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource),
+            ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource.RoleType => doc.Deserialize(OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource),
             _ => throw new JsonException($"Unknown message role: {role}")
         };
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, ResponsesMessageItemResource value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         // Directly serialize using the appropriate type info from the context
         switch (value)
         {
             case ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource assistant:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, assistant, this._context.ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, assistant, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource);
                 break;
             case ResponsesUserMessageItemResource user:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, user, this._context.ResponsesUserMessageItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, user, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesUserMessageItemResource);
                 break;
             case ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource system:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, system, this._context.ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, system, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource);
                 break;
             case ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource developer:
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, developer, this._context.ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, developer, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource);
                 break;
             default:
                 throw new JsonException($"Unknown message type: {value.GetType().Name}");

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Converters/SnakeCaseEnumConverter.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
 using System;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
@@ -11,9 +10,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
 /// JSON converter for enums that uses snake_case naming convention.
 /// </summary>
 /// <typeparam name="T">The enum type to convert.</typeparam>
-[ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
 internal sealed class SnakeCaseEnumConverter<T> : JsonStringEnumConverter<T> where T : struct, Enum
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new instance of the <see cref="SnakeCaseEnumConverter{T}"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
     public SnakeCaseEnumConverter() : base(JsonNamingPolicy.SnakeCaseLower)
     {
     }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/HostedAgentResponseExecutor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Response executor that routes requests to hosted AIAgent services based on the model or agent.name parameter.
+/// This executor resolves agents from keyed services registered via AddAIAgent().
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class HostedAgentResponseExecutor : IResponseExecutor
+{
+    private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;
+    private readonly ILogger<HostedAgentResponseExecutor> _logger;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="HostedAgentResponseExecutor"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="serviceProvider">The service provider used to resolve hosted agents.</param>
+    /// <param name="logger">The logger instance.</param>
+    public HostedAgentResponseExecutor(
+        IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
+        ILogger<HostedAgentResponseExecutor> logger)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(serviceProvider);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(logger);
+
+        this._serviceProvider = serviceProvider;
+        this._logger = logger;
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ExecuteAsync(
+        AgentInvocationContext context,
+        CreateResponse request,
+        [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        // Validate and resolve agent synchronously to ensure validation errors are thrown immediately
+        AIAgent agent = this.ResolveAgent(request);
+
+        // Create options with properties from the request
+        var chatOptions = new ChatOptions
+        {
+            ConversationId = request.Conversation?.Id,
+            Temperature = (float?)request.Temperature,
+            TopP = (float?)request.TopP,
+            MaxOutputTokens = request.MaxOutputTokens,
+            Instructions = request.Instructions,
+            ModelId = request.Model,
+        };
+        var options = new ChatClientAgentRunOptions(chatOptions);
+
+        // Convert input to chat messages
+        var messages = new List<ChatMessage>();
+
+        foreach (var inputMessage in request.Input.GetInputMessages())
+        {
+            messages.Add(inputMessage.ToChatMessage());
+        }
+
+        // Use the extension method to convert streaming updates to streaming response events
+        await foreach (var streamingEvent in agent.RunStreamingAsync(messages, options: options, cancellationToken: cancellationToken)
+            .ToStreamingResponseAsync(request, context, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            yield return streamingEvent;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Resolves an agent from the service provider based on the request.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="request">The create response request.</param>
+    /// <returns>The resolved AIAgent instance.</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">Thrown when the agent cannot be resolved.</exception>
+    private AIAgent ResolveAgent(CreateResponse request)
+    {
+        // Extract agent name from agent.name or model parameter
+        var agentName = request.Agent?.Name ?? request.Model;
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(agentName))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("No 'agent.name' or 'model' specified in the request.");
+        }
+
+        // Resolve the keyed agent service
+        try
+        {
+            return this._serviceProvider.GetRequiredKeyedService<AIAgent>(agentName);
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
+        {
+            this._logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to resolve agent with name '{AgentName}'", agentName);
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Agent '{agentName}' not found. Ensure the agent is registered with AddAIAgent().", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Validates that the agent can be resolved without actually resolving it.
+    /// This allows early validation before starting async execution.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="request">The create response request.</param>
+    /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">Thrown when the agent cannot be resolved.</exception>
+    public void ValidateAgent(CreateResponse request)
+    {
+        // Use the same logic as ResolveAgent but don't return the agent
+        _ = this.ResolveAgent(request);
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/IResponseExecutor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Interface for executing response generation.
+/// Implementations can use local execution (AIAgent) or forward to remote workers.
+/// </summary>
+internal interface IResponseExecutor
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Executes a response generation request and returns streaming events.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">The agent invocation context containing the ID generator and other context information.</param>
+    /// <param name="request">The create response request.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>An async enumerable of streaming response events.</returns>
+    IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ExecuteAsync(
+        AgentInvocationContext context,
+        CreateResponse request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/IResponsesService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Service interface for handling OpenAI Responses API operations.
+/// Implementations can use various storage and execution strategies (in-memory, Orleans grains, etc.).
+/// </summary>
+internal interface IResponsesService
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Default limit for list operations.
+    /// </summary>
+    const int DefaultListLimit = 20;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a model response for the given input.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="request">The create response request.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The created response.</returns>
+    Task<Response> CreateResponseAsync(
+        CreateResponse request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a streaming model response for the given input.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="request">The create response request.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>An async enumerable of streaming response events.</returns>
+    IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> CreateResponseStreamingAsync(
+        CreateResponse request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retrieves a response by ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="responseId">The ID of the response to retrieve.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The response if found, null otherwise.</returns>
+    Task<Response?> GetResponseAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retrieves a response by ID in streaming mode, yielding events as they become available.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="responseId">The ID of the response to retrieve.</param>
+    /// <param name="startingAfter">The sequence number after which to start streaming. If null, starts from the beginning.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>An async enumerable of streaming updates.</returns>
+    IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> GetResponseStreamingAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        int? startingAfter = null,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Cancels an in-progress response.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="responseId">The ID of the response to cancel.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The updated response after cancellation.</returns>
+    Task<Response> CancelResponseAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deletes a response by ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="responseId">The ID of the response to delete.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>True if the response was deleted, false if it was not found.</returns>
+    Task<bool> DeleteResponseAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lists the input items for a response.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="responseId">The ID of the response.</param>
+    /// <param name="limit">Maximum number of items to return (1-100). Defaults to <see cref="DefaultListLimit"/> if null.</param>
+    /// <param name="order">Sort order. Defaults to <see cref="SortOrder.Descending"/> if null.</param>
+    /// <param name="after">Return items after this ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="before">Return items before this ID.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">Cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A list response with items and pagination info.</returns>
+    Task<ListResponse<ItemResource>> ListResponseInputItemsAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        int? limit = null,
+        SortOrder? order = null,
+        string? after = null,
+        string? before = null,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/IdGenerator.cs

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
-
-using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
-
-namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Generates IDs with partition keys.
-/// </summary>
-internal sealed partial class IdGenerator
-{
-    private readonly string _partitionId;
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="IdGenerator"/> class.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="responseId">The response ID.</param>
-    /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
-    public IdGenerator(string? responseId, string? conversationId)
-    {
-        this.ResponseId = responseId ?? IdGeneratorHelpers.NewId("resp");
-        this.ConversationId = conversationId ?? IdGeneratorHelpers.NewId("conv");
-        this._partitionId = IdGeneratorHelpers.GetPartitionIdOrDefault(this.ConversationId) ?? string.Empty;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Creates a new ID generator from a create response request.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="request">The create response request.</param>
-    /// <returns>A new ID generator.</returns>
-    public static IdGenerator From(CreateResponse request)
-    {
-        string? responseId = null;
-        request.Metadata?.TryGetValue("response_id", out responseId);
-        return new IdGenerator(responseId, request.Conversation?.Id);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Gets the response ID.
-    /// </summary>
-    public string ResponseId { get; }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Gets the conversation ID.
-    /// </summary>
-    public string ConversationId { get; }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Generates a new ID.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="category">The optional category for the ID.</param>
-    /// <returns>A generated ID string.</returns>
-    public string Generate(string? category = null)
-    {
-        var prefix = string.IsNullOrEmpty(category) ? "id" : category;
-        return IdGeneratorHelpers.NewId(prefix, partitionKey: this._partitionId);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Generates a function call ID.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <returns>A function call ID.</returns>
-    public string GenerateFunctionCallId() => this.Generate("func");
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Generates a function output ID.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <returns>A function output ID.</returns>
-    public string GenerateFunctionOutputId() => this.Generate("funcout");
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Generates a message ID.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <returns>A message ID.</returns>
-    public string GenerateMessageId() => this.Generate("msg");
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Generates a reasoning ID.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <returns>A reasoning ID.</returns>
-    public string GenerateReasoningId() => this.Generate("rs");
-}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/InMemoryResponsesService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// In-memory implementation of responses service for testing and development.
+/// This implementation is thread-safe but data is not persisted across application restarts.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class InMemoryResponsesService : IResponsesService, IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly IResponseExecutor _executor;
+    private readonly MemoryCache _cache;
+    private readonly InMemoryStorageOptions _options;
+    private readonly Conversations.IConversationStorage? _conversationStorage;
+
+    private sealed class ResponseState
+    {
+        private readonly object _lock = new();
+        private TaskCompletionSource _updateSignal = new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
+        private readonly Dictionary<int, ItemResource> _outputItems = [];
+
+        public Response? Response { get; set; }
+        public CreateResponse? Request { get; set; }
+        public List<StreamingResponseEvent> StreamingUpdates { get; } = [];
+        public Task? CompletionTask { get; set; }
+        public CancellationTokenSource? CancellationTokenSource { get; set; }
+        public bool IsTerminal => this.Response?.IsTerminal ?? false;
+
+        public void AddStreamingEvent(StreamingResponseEvent streamingEvent)
+        {
+            lock (this._lock)
+            {
+                this.StreamingUpdates.Add(streamingEvent);
+
+                // Update the response object for events that contain it
+                if (streamingEvent is IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse responseEvent)
+                {
+                    this.Response = responseEvent.Response;
+                }
+
+                // Track output items as they're added or updated
+                if (streamingEvent is StreamingOutputItemAdded itemAdded)
+                {
+                    this._outputItems[itemAdded.OutputIndex] = itemAdded.Item;
+                    this.UpdateResponseOutput();
+                }
+                else if (streamingEvent is StreamingOutputItemDone itemDone)
+                {
+                    this._outputItems[itemDone.OutputIndex] = itemDone.Item;
+                    this.UpdateResponseOutput();
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.SignalUpdate();
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateResponseOutput()
+        {
+            // Update the Response.Output list with current items
+            if (this.Response is not null)
+            {
+                List<ItemResource> outputList = [.. this._outputItems.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key).Select(kvp => kvp.Value)];
+                this.Response = this.Response with { Output = outputList };
+            }
+        }
+
+        public async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> StreamUpdatesAsync(
+            int startingAfter = 0,
+            [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            int streamedCount = startingAfter;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+
+                // Capture the wait task before checking state to avoid race conditions
+                Task waitTask = this.WaitForUpdateAsync(cancellationToken);
+
+                // Copy any new updates and check terminal state while holding the lock
+                List<StreamingResponseEvent> newUpdates;
+                bool isTerminal;
+                lock (this._lock)
+                {
+                    newUpdates = this.StreamingUpdates.Skip(streamedCount).ToList();
+                    streamedCount += newUpdates.Count;
+                    isTerminal = this.IsTerminal;
+                }
+
+                // Yield the updates outside the lock
+                foreach (StreamingResponseEvent update in newUpdates)
+                {
+                    yield return update;
+                }
+
+                // Check if we're done (after yielding any final events)
+                if (isTerminal)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Wait for the next update to be signaled
+                await waitTask.ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Task WaitForUpdateAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            Task signalTask = this._updateSignal.Task;
+            return signalTask.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        internal void SignalUpdate()
+        {
+            TaskCompletionSource oldSignal = Interlocked.Exchange(ref this._updateSignal, new TaskCompletionSource(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously));
+            oldSignal.TrySetResult();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public InMemoryResponsesService(IResponseExecutor executor)
+        : this(executor, new InMemoryStorageOptions(), null)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public InMemoryResponsesService(IResponseExecutor executor, InMemoryStorageOptions options)
+        : this(executor, options, null)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public InMemoryResponsesService(IResponseExecutor executor, InMemoryStorageOptions options, Conversations.IConversationStorage? conversationStorage)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(executor);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(options);
+        this._executor = executor;
+        this._options = options;
+        this._cache = new MemoryCache(options.ToMemoryCacheOptions());
+        this._conversationStorage = conversationStorage;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<Response> CreateResponseAsync(
+        CreateResponse request,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        ValidateRequest(request);
+
+        // Validate agent resolution early for HostedAgentResponseExecutor
+        if (this._executor is HostedAgentResponseExecutor hostedExecutor)
+        {
+            hostedExecutor.ValidateAgent(request);
+        }
+
+        if (request.Stream == true)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot create a streaming response using CreateResponseAsync. Use CreateResponseStreamingAsync instead.");
+        }
+
+        var idGenerator = new IdGenerator(responseId: null, conversationId: request.Conversation?.Id);
+        var responseId = idGenerator.ResponseId;
+        var state = this.InitializeResponse(responseId, request);
+        var ct = request.Background switch
+        {
+            true => CancellationToken.None,
+            _ => cancellationToken,
+        };
+        state.CompletionTask = this.ExecuteResponseAsync(responseId, state, ct);
+
+        // For background responses, start execution and return immediately
+        if (request.Background == true)
+        {
+            return state.Response!;
+        }
+
+        // For non-background responses, wait for completion
+        await state.CompletionTask!.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return state.Response!;
+    }
+
+    public async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> CreateResponseStreamingAsync(
+        CreateResponse request,
+        [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        ValidateRequest(request);
+
+        if (request.Stream == false)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot create a non-streaming response using CreateResponseStreamingAsync. Use CreateResponseAsync instead.");
+        }
+
+        var idGenerator = new IdGenerator(responseId: null, conversationId: request.Conversation?.Id);
+        var responseId = idGenerator.ResponseId;
+        var state = this.InitializeResponse(responseId, request);
+
+        // Start execution
+        state.CompletionTask = this.ExecuteResponseAsync(responseId, state, CancellationToken.None);
+
+        // Stream updates as they become available
+        await foreach (StreamingResponseEvent update in state.StreamUpdatesAsync(cancellationToken: cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            yield return update;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Task<Response?> GetResponseAsync(string responseId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        this._cache.TryGetValue(responseId, out ResponseState? state);
+        return Task.FromResult(state?.Response);
+    }
+
+    public async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> GetResponseStreamingAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        int? startingAfter = null,
+        [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (!this._cache.TryGetValue(responseId, out ResponseState? state) || state is null)
+        {
+            yield break;
+        }
+
+        // Stream existing updates starting from the specified position
+        await foreach (StreamingResponseEvent update in state.StreamUpdatesAsync(startingAfter ?? 0, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            yield return update;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public async Task<Response> CancelResponseAsync(string responseId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (!this._cache.TryGetValue(responseId, out ResponseState? state) || state is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Response '{responseId}' not found.");
+        }
+
+        if (state.Response is null || state.Response.Background != true)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Only background responses can be cancelled. Response '{responseId}' was not created with background=true.");
+        }
+
+        if (state.IsTerminal)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Response '{responseId}' is already in a terminal state and cannot be cancelled.");
+        }
+
+        // Cancel the execution
+        state.CancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
+
+        if (state.CompletionTask is { } task)
+        {
+            await task.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(ConfigureAwaitOptions.SuppressThrowing);
+        }
+
+        return state.Response;
+    }
+
+    public Task<bool> DeleteResponseAsync(string responseId, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (!this._cache.TryGetValue(responseId, out ResponseState? state))
+        {
+            return Task.FromResult(false);
+        }
+
+        // Cancel any ongoing execution
+        state?.CancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
+
+        // Remove the response
+        this._cache.Remove(responseId);
+        return Task.FromResult(true);
+    }
+
+    public Task<ListResponse<ItemResource>> ListResponseInputItemsAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        int? limit = null,
+        SortOrder? order = null,
+        string? after = null,
+        string? before = null,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        int effectiveLimit = Math.Clamp(limit ?? IResponsesService.DefaultListLimit, 1, 100);
+        SortOrder effectiveOrder = order ?? SortOrder.Descending;
+
+        if (!this._cache.TryGetValue(responseId, out ResponseState? state))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Response '{responseId}' not found.");
+        }
+
+        if (state is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Response '{responseId}' state is null.");
+        }
+
+        var itemResources = GetInputItems(responseId, state);
+
+        // Apply ordering
+        if (effectiveOrder == SortOrder.Descending)
+        {
+            itemResources.Reverse();
+        }
+
+        // Apply pagination
+        var filtered = itemResources.AsEnumerable();
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(after))
+        {
+            int afterIndex = itemResources.FindIndex(m => m.Id == after);
+            if (afterIndex >= 0)
+            {
+                filtered = itemResources.Skip(afterIndex + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(before))
+        {
+            int beforeIndex = itemResources.FindIndex(m => m.Id == before);
+            if (beforeIndex >= 0)
+            {
+                filtered = filtered.Take(beforeIndex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var result = filtered.Take(effectiveLimit + 1).ToList();
+        var hasMore = result.Count > effectiveLimit;
+        if (hasMore)
+        {
+            result = result.Take(effectiveLimit).ToList();
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult(new ListResponse<ItemResource>
+        {
+            Data = result,
+            FirstId = result.FirstOrDefault()?.Id,
+            LastId = result.LastOrDefault()?.Id,
+            HasMore = hasMore
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static void ValidateRequest(CreateResponse request)
+    {
+        if (request.Conversation is not null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.Conversation.Id) &&
+            !string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.PreviousResponseId))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Mutually exclusive parameters: 'conversation' and 'previous_response_id'. Ensure you are only providing one of: 'previous_response_id' or 'conversation'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ResponseState InitializeResponse(string responseId, CreateResponse request)
+    {
+        var metadata = request.Metadata ?? [];
+
+        // Create initial response
+        // Background responses always start as "queued", non-background as "in_progress"
+        var initialStatus = request.Background is true ? ResponseStatus.Queued : ResponseStatus.InProgress;
+        var response = new Response
+        {
+            Agent = request.Agent?.ToAgentId(),
+            Background = request.Background,
+            Conversation = request.Conversation,
+            CreatedAt = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds(),
+            Error = null,
+            Id = responseId,
+            IncompleteDetails = null,
+            Instructions = request.Instructions,
+            MaxOutputTokens = request.MaxOutputTokens,
+            MaxToolCalls = request.MaxToolCalls,
+            Metadata = metadata,
+            Model = request.Model ?? "default",
+            Output = [],
+            ParallelToolCalls = request.ParallelToolCalls ?? true,
+            PreviousResponseId = request.PreviousResponseId,
+            Prompt = request.Prompt,
+            PromptCacheKey = request.PromptCacheKey,
+            Reasoning = request.Reasoning,
+            SafetyIdentifier = request.SafetyIdentifier,
+            ServiceTier = request.ServiceTier,
+            Status = initialStatus,
+            Store = request.Store,
+            Temperature = request.Temperature,
+            Text = request.Text,
+            ToolChoice = request.ToolChoice,
+            Tools = [.. request.Tools ?? []],
+            TopLogprobs = request.TopLogprobs,
+            TopP = request.TopP,
+            Truncation = request.Truncation,
+            Usage = ResponseUsage.Zero,
+#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
+            User = request.User
+#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
+        };
+
+        var state = new ResponseState
+        {
+            Response = response,
+            Request = request,
+            CancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource()
+        };
+
+        var entryOptions = this._options.ToMemoryCacheEntryOptions();
+        entryOptions.RegisterPostEvictionCallback((key, value, reason, state) =>
+        {
+            if (value is ResponseState responseState)
+            {
+                responseState.CancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
+            }
+        });
+
+        this._cache.Set(responseId, state, entryOptions);
+
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    private async Task ExecuteResponseAsync(string responseId, ResponseState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        await Task.CompletedTask.ConfigureAwait(ConfigureAwaitOptions.ForceYielding);
+        var request = state.Request!;
+        using var linkedCts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken, state.CancellationTokenSource!.Token);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Create agent invocation context
+            var context = new AgentInvocationContext(new IdGenerator(responseId: responseId, conversationId: state.Response?.Conversation?.Id));
+
+            // Collect output items for conversation storage
+            List<ItemResource> outputItems = [];
+
+            // Execute using the injected executor
+            await foreach (var streamingEvent in this._executor.ExecuteAsync(context, request, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                state.AddStreamingEvent(streamingEvent);
+
+                // Collect output items
+                if (streamingEvent is StreamingOutputItemDone itemDone)
+                {
+                    outputItems.Add(itemDone.Item);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add both input and output items to conversation storage if available
+            // This happens AFTER successful execution, in line with OpenAI's behavior
+            if (this._conversationStorage is not null && request.Conversation?.Id is not null)
+            {
+                var inputItems = GetInputItems(responseId, state);
+                var allItems = new List<ItemResource>(inputItems.Count + outputItems.Count);
+                allItems.AddRange(inputItems);
+                allItems.AddRange(outputItems);
+
+                if (allItems.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    await this._conversationStorage.AddItemsAsync(request.Conversation.Id, allItems, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Update response status to completed if not already in a terminal state
+            if (!state.IsTerminal)
+            {
+                state.Response = state.Response! with
+                {
+                    Status = ResponseStatus.Completed
+                };
+
+                var sequenceNumber = state.StreamingUpdates.Count + 1;
+                var completedEvent = new StreamingResponseCompleted
+                {
+                    SequenceNumber = sequenceNumber,
+                    Response = state.Response
+                };
+
+                state.AddStreamingEvent(completedEvent);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException)
+        {
+            // Update response status to cancelled
+            state.Response = state.Response! with
+            {
+                Status = ResponseStatus.Cancelled
+            };
+
+            var sequenceNumber = state.StreamingUpdates.Count + 1;
+            var cancelledEvent = new StreamingResponseCancelled
+            {
+                SequenceNumber = sequenceNumber,
+                Response = state.Response
+            };
+
+            state.AddStreamingEvent(cancelledEvent);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            // Update response status to failed
+            state.Response = state.Response! with
+            {
+                Status = ResponseStatus.Failed,
+                Error = new ResponseError
+                {
+                    Code = "execution_error",
+                    Message = ex.Message
+                }
+            };
+
+            var sequenceNumber = state.StreamingUpdates.Count + 1;
+            var failedEvent = new StreamingResponseFailed
+            {
+                SequenceNumber = sequenceNumber,
+                Response = state.Response
+            };
+
+            state.AddStreamingEvent(failedEvent);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            // Signal one final time to unblock any waiting consumers
+            state.SignalUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static List<ItemResource> GetInputItems(string responseId, ResponseState state)
+    {
+        var itemResources = new List<ItemResource>();
+        if (state.Request is not null)
+        {
+            // Use a deterministic random seed. We add 1 to avoid clashing with the output message ids.
+            var randomSeed = responseId.GetHashCode() + 1;
+            var idGenerator = new IdGenerator(responseId: responseId, conversationId: state.Response?.Conversation?.Id, randomSeed: randomSeed);
+            foreach (var inputMessage in state.Request.Input.GetInputMessages())
+            {
+                itemResources.AddRange(inputMessage.ToItemResource(idGenerator));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return itemResources;
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        this._cache.Dispose();
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/AgentId.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents an agent identifier.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record AgentId
+internal sealed class AgentId
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AgentId"/> class.
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ internal sealed record AgentId
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents an agent ID type.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record AgentIdType
+internal sealed class AgentIdType
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AgentIdType"/> class.
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ internal sealed record AgentIdType
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents an agent reference.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record AgentReference
+internal sealed class AgentReference
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The type of the reference (e.g., "agent" or "agent_reference").

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/ConversationReference.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// Represents a reference to a conversation, which can be either a conversation ID (string) or a conversation object.
 /// </summary>
 [JsonConverter(typeof(ConversationReferenceJsonConverter))]
-internal sealed record ConversationReference
+internal sealed class ConversationReference
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The conversation ID.
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ internal sealed record ConversationReference
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed class ConversationReferenceJsonConverter : JsonConverter<ConversationReference>
 {
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override ConversationReference? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.String)
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ internal sealed class ConversationReferenceJsonConverter : JsonConverter<Convers
 
             if (root.TryGetProperty("metadata", out var metadataProp) && metadataProp.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
             {
-                metadata = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(metadataProp.GetRawText(), ResponsesJsonContext.Default.DictionaryStringString);
+                metadata = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(metadataProp.GetRawText(), OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.DictionaryStringString);
             }
 
             return id is null ? null : ConversationReference.FromObject(id, metadata);
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ internal sealed class ConversationReferenceJsonConverter : JsonConverter<Convers
         throw new JsonException($"Unexpected token type for ConversationReference: {reader.TokenType}");
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, ConversationReference value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         if (value is null)
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ internal sealed class ConversationReferenceJsonConverter : JsonConverter<Convers
             if (value.Metadata is not null)
             {
                 writer.WritePropertyName("metadata");
-                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Metadata, ResponsesJsonContext.Default.DictionaryStringString);
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Metadata, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.DictionaryStringString);
             }
             writer.WriteEndObject();
         }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/CreateResponse.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// <summary>
 /// Request to create a model response.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record CreateResponse
+internal sealed class CreateResponse
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Text, image, or file inputs to the model, used to generate a response.
@@ -65,7 +65,10 @@ internal sealed record CreateResponse
 
     /// <summary>
     /// The unique ID of the previous response to the model. Use this to create multi-turn conversations.
-    /// Cannot be used in conjunction with conversation.
+    /// Cannot be used in conjunction with conversation (mutually exclusive).
+    /// The previous_response_id determines the conversation thread context - it follows the response chain,
+    /// not any explicit conversation. Context is maintained through the chain even if the previous response
+    /// was created with a conversation.id.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("previous_response_id")]
     public string? PreviousResponseId { get; init; }
@@ -98,13 +101,16 @@ internal sealed record CreateResponse
     /// Specify additional output data to include in the model response.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("include")]
-    public IReadOnlyList<string>? Include { get; init; }
+    public List<string>? Include { get; init; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// The conversation that this response belongs to. Items from this conversation are prepended
     /// to input_items for this response request.
     /// Can be either a conversation ID (string) or a conversation object with ID and optional metadata.
     /// Input items and output items from this response are automatically added to this conversation after this response completes.
+    /// Cannot be used in conjunction with previous_response_id (mutually exclusive).
+    /// Use conversation.id for explicit conversation boundaries and starting new threads.
+    /// Use previous_response_id for simple linear conversation chaining.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("conversation")]
     public ConversationReference? Conversation { get; init; }
@@ -178,7 +184,7 @@ internal sealed record CreateResponse
     /// An array of tools the model may call while generating a response.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("tools")]
-    public IReadOnlyList<JsonElement>? Tools { get; init; }
+    public List<JsonElement>? Tools { get; init; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// How the model should select which tool (or tools) to use when generating a response.

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/InputMessage.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// A message input to the model with a role indicating instruction following hierarchy.
 /// Aligns with the OpenAI Responses API InputMessage/EasyInputMessage schema.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record InputMessage
+internal sealed class InputMessage
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The role of the message input. One of user, assistant, system, or developer.

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/InputMessageContent.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContent : IEquatable<InputMessageContent>
         this.Contents = null;
     }
 
-    private InputMessageContent(IReadOnlyList<ItemContent> contents)
+    private InputMessageContent(List<ItemContent> contents)
     {
         this.Contents = contents ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(contents));
         this.Text = null;
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContent : IEquatable<InputMessageContent>
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates an InputMessageContent from a list of ItemContent items.
     /// </summary>
-    public static InputMessageContent FromContents(IReadOnlyList<ItemContent> contents) => new(contents);
+    public static InputMessageContent FromContents(List<ItemContent> contents) => new(contents);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates an InputMessageContent from a list of ItemContent items.
     /// </summary>
-    public static InputMessageContent FromContents(params ItemContent[] contents) => new(contents);
+    public static InputMessageContent FromContents(params ItemContent[] contents) => new([.. contents]);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Implicit conversion from string to InputMessageContent.
@@ -62,12 +62,14 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContent : IEquatable<InputMessageContent>
     /// Gets whether this content is text.
     /// </summary>
     [MemberNotNullWhen(true, nameof(Text))]
+    [MemberNotNullWhen(false, nameof(Contents))]
     public bool IsText => this.Text is not null;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets whether this content is a list of ItemContent items.
     /// </summary>
     [MemberNotNullWhen(true, nameof(Contents))]
+    [MemberNotNullWhen(false, nameof(Text))]
     public bool IsContents => this.Contents is not null;
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContent : IEquatable<InputMessageContent>
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the ItemContent items, or null if this is not a content list.
     /// </summary>
-    public IReadOnlyList<ItemContent>? Contents { get; }
+    public List<ItemContent>? Contents { get; }
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public bool Equals(InputMessageContent? other)
@@ -143,6 +145,16 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContent : IEquatable<InputMessageContent>
     {
         return !Equals(left, right);
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts this instance to a list of ItemContent.
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<ItemContent> ToItemContents()
+    {
+        return this.IsText
+            ? [new ItemContentInputText { Text = this.Text }]
+            : this.Contents;
+    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -150,6 +162,7 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContent : IEquatable<InputMessageContent>
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed class InputMessageContentJsonConverter : JsonConverter<InputMessageContent>
 {
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override InputMessageContent? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         // Check if it's a string
@@ -162,7 +175,7 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContentJsonConverter : JsonConverter<InputMess
         // Check if it's an array of ItemContent
         if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.StartArray)
         {
-            var contents = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, ResponsesJsonContext.Default.ListItemContent);
+            var contents = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ListItemContent);
             return contents?.Count > 0
                 ? InputMessageContent.FromContents(contents)
                 : InputMessageContent.FromText(string.Empty);
@@ -171,6 +184,7 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContentJsonConverter : JsonConverter<InputMess
         throw new JsonException($"Unexpected token type for InputMessageContent: {reader.TokenType}");
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, InputMessageContent value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         if (value.IsText)
@@ -179,7 +193,7 @@ internal sealed class InputMessageContentJsonConverter : JsonConverter<InputMess
         }
         else if (value.IsContents)
         {
-            JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Contents, ResponsesJsonContext.Default.ListItemContent);
+            JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Contents, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ListItemContent);
         }
         else
         {

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/ItemParam.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Converters;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Base class for all item parameters (input items for creating conversation items or response inputs).
+/// Unlike ItemResource, ItemParam does not have an ID field - the server generates IDs upon creation.
+/// </summary>
+[JsonConverter(typeof(ItemParamConverter))]
+internal abstract class ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The type of the item.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("type")]
+    public abstract string Type { get; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Base class for message item parameters.
+/// </summary>
+[JsonConverter(typeof(ResponsesMessageItemParamConverter))]
+internal abstract class ResponsesMessageItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for message items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "message";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The role of the message sender.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("role")]
+    public abstract ChatRole Role { get; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A user message item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ResponsesUserMessageItemParam : ResponsesMessageItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant role type identifier for user messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string RoleType = "user";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override ChatRole Role => ChatRole.User;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The content of the message. Can be a simple string or an array of content parts.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("content")]
+    public required InputMessageContent Content { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An assistant message item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ResponsesAssistantMessageItemParam : ResponsesMessageItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant role type identifier for assistant messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string RoleType = "assistant";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override ChatRole Role => ChatRole.Assistant;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The content of the message. Can be a simple string or an array of content parts.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("content")]
+    public required InputMessageContent Content { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A system message item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ResponsesSystemMessageItemParam : ResponsesMessageItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant role type identifier for system messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string RoleType = "system";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override ChatRole Role => ChatRole.System;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The content of the message. Can be a simple string or an array of content parts.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("content")]
+    public required InputMessageContent Content { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A developer message item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemParam : ResponsesMessageItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant role type identifier for developer messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string RoleType = "developer";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override ChatRole Role => new(RoleType);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The content of the message. Can be a simple string or an array of content parts.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("content")]
+    public required InputMessageContent Content { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A function tool call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class FunctionToolCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for function call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "function_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The call ID of the function.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public required string CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The name of the function.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    public required string Name { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The arguments to the function.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("arguments")]
+    public required string Arguments { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A function tool call output item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class FunctionToolCallOutputItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for function call output items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "function_call_output";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The call ID of the function.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public required string CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The output of the function.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output")]
+    public required string Output { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A file search tool call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class FileSearchToolCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for file search call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "file_search_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The queries used to search for files.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("queries")]
+    public List<string>? Queries { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The results of the file search tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("results")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Results { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A computer tool call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ComputerToolCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for computer call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "computer_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An identifier used when responding to the tool call with output.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public required string CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The action to perform.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("action")]
+    public required JsonElement Action { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The pending safety checks for the computer call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("pending_safety_checks")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? PendingSafetyChecks { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A computer tool call output item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ComputerToolCallOutputItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for computer call output items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "computer_call_output";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the computer tool call that produced the output.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public required string CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The safety checks reported by the API that have been acknowledged by the developer.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("acknowledged_safety_checks")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? AcknowledgedSafetyChecks { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The output of the computer tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output")]
+    public required JsonElement Output { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A web search tool call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class WebSearchToolCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for web search call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "web_search_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An object describing the specific action taken in this web search call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("action")]
+    public required JsonElement Action { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A reasoning item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ReasoningItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for reasoning items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "reasoning";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The encrypted content of the reasoning item.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("encrypted_content")]
+    public string? EncryptedContent { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reasoning text contents.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("summary")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Summary { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An item reference item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ItemReferenceItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for item reference items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "item_reference";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The service-originated ID of the previously generated response item being referenced.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("id")]
+    public required string Id { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An image generation tool call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ImageGenerationToolCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for image generation call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "image_generation_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The generated image encoded in base64.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("result")]
+    public string? Result { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A code interpreter tool call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class CodeInterpreterToolCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for code interpreter call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "code_interpreter_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the container used to run the code.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("container_id")]
+    public string? ContainerId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The code to run, or null if not available.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("code")]
+    public string? Code { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The outputs generated by the code interpreter, such as logs or images.
+    /// Can be null if no outputs are available.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("outputs")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Outputs { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A local shell tool call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class LocalShellToolCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for local shell call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "local_shell_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The unique ID of the local shell tool call generated by the model.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public string? CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The action to execute.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("action")]
+    public JsonElement? Action { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A local shell tool call output item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class LocalShellToolCallOutputItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for local shell call output items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "local_shell_call_output";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A JSON string of the output of the local shell tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output")]
+    public string? Output { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An MCP list tools item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class MCPListToolsItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for MCP list tools items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "mcp_list_tools";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The label of the MCP server.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("server_label")]
+    public string? ServerLabel { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The tools available on the server.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("tools")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Tools { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Error message if the server could not list tools.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("error")]
+    public string? Error { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An MCP approval request item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class MCPApprovalRequestItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for MCP approval request items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "mcp_approval_request";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The label of the MCP server making the request.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("server_label")]
+    public string? ServerLabel { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The name of the tool to run.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    public string? Name { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A JSON string of arguments for the tool.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("arguments")]
+    public string? Arguments { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An MCP approval response item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class MCPApprovalResponseItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for MCP approval response items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "mcp_approval_response";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the approval request being answered.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("approval_request_id")]
+    public string? ApprovalRequestId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the request was approved.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("approve")]
+    public bool? Approve { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Optional reason for the decision.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("reason")]
+    public string? Reason { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An MCP call item parameter.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class MCPCallItemParam : ItemParam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant item type identifier for MCP call items.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string ItemType = "mcp_call";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The label of the MCP server running the tool.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("server_label")]
+    public string? ServerLabel { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The name of the tool that was run.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    public string? Name { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A JSON string of the arguments passed to the tool.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("arguments")]
+    public string? Arguments { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The output from the tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output")]
+    public string? Output { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The error from the tool call, if any.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("error")]
+    public string? Error { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/ItemParamExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Extension methods for converting ItemParam (input) to ItemResource (output).
+/// </summary>
+internal static class ItemParamExtensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts an ItemParam (input model) to an ItemResource (output model) by adding server-generated fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="param">The input item parameter.</param>
+    /// <param name="idGenerator">The ID generator to use for creating item IDs.</param>
+    /// <returns>An ItemResource with a generated ID.</returns>
+    public static ItemResource ToItemResource(this ItemParam param, IdGenerator idGenerator)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(param);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(idGenerator);
+
+        string generatedId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
+
+        return param switch
+        {
+            ResponsesUserMessageItemParam userMessageParam => new ResponsesUserMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Content = userMessageParam.Content.ToItemContents(),
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed
+            },
+            ResponsesSystemMessageItemParam systemMessageParam => new ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Content = systemMessageParam.Content.ToItemContents(),
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed
+            },
+            ResponsesAssistantMessageItemParam assistantMessageParam => new ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Content = assistantMessageParam.Content.ToItemContents(),
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed
+            },
+            ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemParam developerMessageParam => new ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Content = developerMessageParam.Content.ToItemContents(),
+                Status = ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus.Completed
+            },
+            FunctionToolCallItemParam functionCallParam => new FunctionToolCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Name = functionCallParam.Name,
+                CallId = functionCallParam.CallId,
+                Arguments = functionCallParam.Arguments,
+                Status = FunctionToolCallItemResourceStatus.Completed
+            },
+            FunctionToolCallOutputItemParam functionOutputParam => new FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                CallId = functionOutputParam.CallId,
+                Output = functionOutputParam.Output
+            },
+            FileSearchToolCallItemParam fileSearchParam => new FileSearchToolCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Queries = fileSearchParam.Queries,
+                Results = fileSearchParam.Results
+            },
+            ComputerToolCallItemParam computerCallParam => new ComputerToolCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                CallId = computerCallParam.CallId,
+                Action = computerCallParam.Action,
+                PendingSafetyChecks = computerCallParam.PendingSafetyChecks
+            },
+            ComputerToolCallOutputItemParam computerOutputParam => new ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                CallId = computerOutputParam.CallId,
+                AcknowledgedSafetyChecks = computerOutputParam.AcknowledgedSafetyChecks,
+                Output = computerOutputParam.Output
+            },
+            WebSearchToolCallItemParam webSearchParam => new WebSearchToolCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Action = webSearchParam.Action
+            },
+            ReasoningItemParam reasoningParam => new ReasoningItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                EncryptedContent = reasoningParam.EncryptedContent,
+                Summary = reasoningParam.Summary
+            },
+            ItemReferenceItemParam => new ItemReferenceItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId
+            },
+            ImageGenerationToolCallItemParam imageGenParam => new ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Result = imageGenParam.Result
+            },
+            CodeInterpreterToolCallItemParam codeInterpreterParam => new CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                ContainerId = codeInterpreterParam.ContainerId,
+                Code = codeInterpreterParam.Code,
+                Outputs = codeInterpreterParam.Outputs
+            },
+            LocalShellToolCallItemParam localShellParam => new LocalShellToolCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                CallId = localShellParam.CallId,
+                Action = localShellParam.Action
+            },
+            LocalShellToolCallOutputItemParam localShellOutputParam => new LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                Output = localShellOutputParam.Output
+            },
+            MCPListToolsItemParam mcpListToolsParam => new MCPListToolsItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                ServerLabel = mcpListToolsParam.ServerLabel,
+                Tools = mcpListToolsParam.Tools,
+                Error = mcpListToolsParam.Error
+            },
+            MCPApprovalRequestItemParam mcpApprovalRequestParam => new MCPApprovalRequestItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                ServerLabel = mcpApprovalRequestParam.ServerLabel,
+                Name = mcpApprovalRequestParam.Name,
+                Arguments = mcpApprovalRequestParam.Arguments
+            },
+            MCPApprovalResponseItemParam mcpApprovalResponseParam => new MCPApprovalResponseItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                ApprovalRequestId = mcpApprovalResponseParam.ApprovalRequestId,
+                Approve = mcpApprovalResponseParam.Approve,
+                Reason = mcpApprovalResponseParam.Reason
+            },
+            MCPCallItemParam mcpCallParam => new MCPCallItemResource
+            {
+                Id = generatedId,
+                ServerLabel = mcpCallParam.ServerLabel,
+                Name = mcpCallParam.Name,
+                Arguments = mcpCallParam.Arguments,
+                Output = mcpCallParam.Output,
+                Error = mcpCallParam.Error
+            },
+            // Fallback for unknown types
+            _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown ItemParam type: {param.GetType().Name}")
+        };
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/ItemResource.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// Base class for all item resources (output items from a response).
 /// </summary>
 [JsonConverter(typeof(ItemResourceConverter))]
-internal abstract record ItemResource
+internal abstract class ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The unique identifier for the item.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ internal abstract record ItemResource
 /// Base class for message item resources.
 /// </summary>
 [JsonConverter(typeof(ResponsesMessageItemResourceConverter))]
-internal abstract record ResponsesMessageItemResource : ItemResource
+internal abstract class ResponsesMessageItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for message items.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ internal abstract record ResponsesMessageItemResource : ItemResource
 /// <summary>
 /// An assistant message item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
+internal sealed class ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant role type identifier for assistant messages.
@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ internal sealed record ResponsesAssistantMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageI
     /// The content of the message.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("content")]
-    public required IList<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
+    public required List<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A user message item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ResponsesUserMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
+internal sealed class ResponsesUserMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant role type identifier for user messages.
@@ -91,13 +91,13 @@ internal sealed record ResponsesUserMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemRe
     /// The content of the message.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("content")]
-    public required IList<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
+    public required List<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A system message item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
+internal sealed class ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant role type identifier for system messages.
@@ -111,13 +111,13 @@ internal sealed record ResponsesSystemMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItem
     /// The content of the message.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("content")]
-    public required IList<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
+    public required List<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A developer message item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
+internal sealed class ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant role type identifier for developer messages.
@@ -131,13 +131,13 @@ internal sealed record ResponsesDeveloperMessageItemResource : ResponsesMessageI
     /// The content of the message.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("content")]
-    public required IList<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
+    public required List<ItemContent> Content { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A function tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record FunctionToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class FunctionToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for function call items.
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ internal sealed record FunctionToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 /// <summary>
 /// A function tool call output item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for function call output items.
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ internal sealed record FunctionToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
 /// The status of a message item resource.
 /// </summary>
 [JsonConverter(typeof(SnakeCaseEnumConverter<ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus>))]
-public enum ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus
+internal enum ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The message is completed.
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ public enum ResponsesMessageItemResourceStatus
 /// The status of a function tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
 [JsonConverter(typeof(SnakeCaseEnumConverter<FunctionToolCallItemResourceStatus>))]
-public enum FunctionToolCallItemResourceStatus
+internal enum FunctionToolCallItemResourceStatus
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The function call is completed.
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ public enum FunctionToolCallItemResourceStatus
 /// The status of a function tool call output item resource.
 /// </summary>
 [JsonConverter(typeof(SnakeCaseEnumConverter<FunctionToolCallOutputItemResourceStatus>))]
-public enum FunctionToolCallOutputItemResourceStatus
+internal enum FunctionToolCallOutputItemResourceStatus
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The function call output is completed.
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ public enum FunctionToolCallOutputItemResourceStatus
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(ItemContentOutputText), "output_text")]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(ItemContentOutputAudio), "output_audio")]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(ItemContentRefusal), "refusal")]
-internal abstract record ItemContent
+internal abstract class ItemContent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The type of the content.
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ internal abstract record ItemContent
 /// <summary>
 /// Text input content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemContentInputText : ItemContent
+internal sealed class ItemContentInputText : ItemContent
 {
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     [JsonIgnore]
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ internal sealed record ItemContentInputText : ItemContent
 /// <summary>
 /// Audio input content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemContentInputAudio : ItemContent
+internal sealed class ItemContentInputAudio : ItemContent
 {
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     [JsonIgnore]
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ internal sealed record ItemContentInputAudio : ItemContent
 /// <summary>
 /// Image input content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemContentInputImage : ItemContent
+internal sealed class ItemContentInputImage : ItemContent
 {
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     [JsonIgnore]
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ internal sealed record ItemContentInputImage : ItemContent
 /// <summary>
 /// File input content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemContentInputFile : ItemContent
+internal sealed class ItemContentInputFile : ItemContent
 {
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     [JsonIgnore]
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ internal sealed record ItemContentInputFile : ItemContent
 /// <summary>
 /// Text output content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemContentOutputText : ItemContent
+internal sealed class ItemContentOutputText : ItemContent
 {
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     [JsonIgnore]
@@ -396,19 +396,19 @@ internal sealed record ItemContentOutputText : ItemContent
     /// The annotations.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("annotations")]
-    public required IList<JsonElement> Annotations { get; init; }
+    public required List<JsonElement> Annotations { get; init; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Log probability information for the output tokens.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("logprobs")]
-    public IList<JsonElement> Logprobs { get; init; } = [];
+    public List<JsonElement> Logprobs { get; init; } = [];
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Audio output content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemContentOutputAudio : ItemContent
+internal sealed class ItemContentOutputAudio : ItemContent
 {
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     [JsonIgnore]
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ internal sealed record ItemContentOutputAudio : ItemContent
 /// <summary>
 /// Refusal content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemContentRefusal : ItemContent
+internal sealed class ItemContentRefusal : ItemContent
 {
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     [JsonIgnore]
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ internal sealed record ItemContentRefusal : ItemContent
 /// <summary>
 /// A file search tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record FileSearchToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class FileSearchToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for file search call items.
@@ -463,12 +463,24 @@ internal sealed record FileSearchToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The queries used to search for files.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("queries")]
+    public List<string>? Queries { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The results of the file search tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("results")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Results { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A computer tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ComputerToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class ComputerToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for computer call items.
@@ -483,12 +495,30 @@ internal sealed record ComputerToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An identifier used when responding to the tool call with output.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public string? CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The action to perform.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("action")]
+    public JsonElement? Action { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The pending safety checks for the computer call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("pending_safety_checks")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? PendingSafetyChecks { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A computer tool call output item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for computer call output items.
@@ -503,12 +533,30 @@ internal sealed record ComputerToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the computer tool call that produced the output.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public string? CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The safety checks reported by the API that have been acknowledged by the developer.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("acknowledged_safety_checks")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? AcknowledgedSafetyChecks { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The output of the computer tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output")]
+    public JsonElement? Output { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A web search tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record WebSearchToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class WebSearchToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for web search call items.
@@ -523,12 +571,18 @@ internal sealed record WebSearchToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An object describing the specific action taken in this web search call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("action")]
+    public JsonElement? Action { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A reasoning item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ReasoningItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class ReasoningItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for reasoning items.
@@ -543,12 +597,25 @@ internal sealed record ReasoningItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The encrypted content of the reasoning item - populated when a response is
+    /// generated with reasoning.encrypted_content in the include parameter.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("encrypted_content")]
+    public string? EncryptedContent { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reasoning text contents.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("summary")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Summary { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// An item reference item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ItemReferenceItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class ItemReferenceItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for item reference items.
@@ -562,7 +629,7 @@ internal sealed record ItemReferenceItemResource : ItemResource
 /// <summary>
 /// An image generation tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for image generation call items.
@@ -577,12 +644,18 @@ internal sealed record ImageGenerationToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The generated image encoded in base64.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("result")]
+    public string? Result { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A code interpreter tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for code interpreter call items.
@@ -597,12 +670,31 @@ internal sealed record CodeInterpreterToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the container used to run the code.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("container_id")]
+    public string? ContainerId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The code to run, or null if not available.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("code")]
+    public string? Code { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The outputs generated by the code interpreter, such as logs or images.
+    /// Can be null if no outputs are available.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("outputs")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Outputs { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A local shell tool call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record LocalShellToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class LocalShellToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for local shell call items.
@@ -617,12 +709,24 @@ internal sealed record LocalShellToolCallItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The unique ID of the local shell tool call generated by the model.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("call_id")]
+    public string? CallId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The action to execute.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("action")]
+    public JsonElement? Action { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// A local shell tool call output item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for local shell call output items.
@@ -637,12 +741,18 @@ internal sealed record LocalShellToolCallOutputItemResource : ItemResource
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("status")]
     public string? Status { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A JSON string of the output of the local shell tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output")]
+    public string? Output { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// An MCP list tools item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record MCPListToolsItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class MCPListToolsItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for MCP list tools items.
@@ -651,12 +761,30 @@ internal sealed record MCPListToolsItemResource : ItemResource
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The label of the MCP server.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("server_label")]
+    public string? ServerLabel { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The tools available on the server.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("tools")]
+    public List<JsonElement>? Tools { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Error message if the server could not list tools.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("error")]
+    public string? Error { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// An MCP approval request item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record MCPApprovalRequestItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class MCPApprovalRequestItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for MCP approval request items.
@@ -665,12 +793,30 @@ internal sealed record MCPApprovalRequestItemResource : ItemResource
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The label of the MCP server making the request.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("server_label")]
+    public string? ServerLabel { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The name of the tool to run.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    public string? Name { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A JSON string of arguments for the tool.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("arguments")]
+    public string? Arguments { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// An MCP approval response item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record MCPApprovalResponseItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class MCPApprovalResponseItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for MCP approval response items.
@@ -679,12 +825,30 @@ internal sealed record MCPApprovalResponseItemResource : ItemResource
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ID of the approval request being answered.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("approval_request_id")]
+    public string? ApprovalRequestId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the request was approved.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("approve")]
+    public bool? Approve { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Optional reason for the decision.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("reason")]
+    public string? Reason { get; init; }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// An MCP call item resource.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record MCPCallItemResource : ItemResource
+internal sealed class MCPCallItemResource : ItemResource
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant item type identifier for MCP call items.
@@ -693,4 +857,34 @@ internal sealed record MCPCallItemResource : ItemResource
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override string Type => ItemType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The label of the MCP server running the tool.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("server_label")]
+    public string? ServerLabel { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The name of the tool that was run.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    public string? Name { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A JSON string of the arguments passed to the tool.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("arguments")]
+    public string? Arguments { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The output from the tool call.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output")]
+    public string? Output { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The error from the tool call, if any.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("error")]
+    public string? Error { get; init; }
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/PromptReference.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// <summary>
 /// Reference to a prompt template and its variables.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record PromptReference
+internal sealed class PromptReference
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The ID of the prompt template to use.

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/ReasoningOptions.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// <summary>
 /// Configuration options for reasoning models.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ReasoningOptions
+internal sealed class ReasoningOptions
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Constrains effort on reasoning for reasoning models.

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/Response.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// The status of a response generation.
 /// </summary>
 [JsonConverter(typeof(SnakeCaseEnumConverter<ResponseStatus>))]
-public enum ResponseStatus
+internal enum ResponseStatus
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The response has been completed.
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ internal sealed record Response
     /// The output items (messages) generated in the response.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("output")]
-    public required IList<ItemResource> Output { get; init; }
+    public required List<ItemResource> Output { get; init; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// A system (or developer) message inserted into the model's context.
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ internal sealed record Response
     /// An array of tools the model may call while generating a response.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("tools")]
-    public required IList<JsonElement> Tools { get; init; }
+    public required List<JsonElement> Tools { get; init; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// How the model should select which tool (or tools) to use when generating a response.
@@ -288,6 +288,9 @@ internal sealed record IncompleteDetails
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed record ResponseUsage
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a zero usage instance.
+    /// </summary>
     public static ResponseUsage Zero { get; } = new()
     {
         InputTokens = 0,

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/ResponseInput.cs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ internal sealed class ResponseInput : IEquatable<ResponseInput>
         this.Messages = null;
     }
 
-    private ResponseInput(IReadOnlyList<InputMessage> messages)
+    private ResponseInput(List<InputMessage> messages)
     {
         this.Messages = messages ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(messages));
         this.Text = null;
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ internal sealed class ResponseInput : IEquatable<ResponseInput>
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates a ResponseInput from a list of messages.
     /// </summary>
-    public static ResponseInput FromMessages(IReadOnlyList<InputMessage> messages) => new(messages);
+    public static ResponseInput FromMessages(List<InputMessage> messages) => new(messages);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates a ResponseInput from a list of messages.
     /// </summary>
-    public static ResponseInput FromMessages(params InputMessage[] messages) => new(messages);
+    public static ResponseInput FromMessages(params InputMessage[] messages) => new(messages.ToList());
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Implicit conversion from string to ResponseInput.
@@ -75,12 +75,13 @@ internal sealed class ResponseInput : IEquatable<ResponseInput>
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the messages value, or null if this is not a messages input.
     /// </summary>
-    public IReadOnlyList<InputMessage>? Messages { get; }
+    public List<InputMessage>? Messages { get; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the input as a list of InputMessage objects.
     /// </summary>
-    public IReadOnlyList<InputMessage> GetInputMessages()
+    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Design", "CA1024:Use properties where appropriate", Justification = "Method performs transformation logic")]
+    public List<InputMessage> GetInputMessages()
     {
         if (this.Text is not null)
         {
@@ -164,6 +165,7 @@ internal sealed class ResponseInput : IEquatable<ResponseInput>
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed class ResponseInputJsonConverter : JsonConverter<ResponseInput>
 {
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override ResponseInput? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         // Check if it's a string
@@ -176,13 +178,14 @@ internal sealed class ResponseInputJsonConverter : JsonConverter<ResponseInput>
         // Check if it's an array
         if (reader.TokenType == JsonTokenType.StartArray)
         {
-            var messages = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, ResponsesJsonContext.Default.ListInputMessage);
+            var messages = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(ref reader, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ListInputMessage);
             return messages is not null ? ResponseInput.FromMessages(messages) : null;
         }
 
         throw new JsonException($"Unexpected token type for ResponseInput: {reader.TokenType}");
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, ResponseInput value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
     {
         if (value.IsText)
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ internal sealed class ResponseInputJsonConverter : JsonConverter<ResponseInput>
         }
         else if (value.IsMessages)
         {
-            JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Messages!, ResponsesJsonContext.Default.IReadOnlyListInputMessage);
+            JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.Messages!, OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.ListInputMessage);
         }
         else
         {

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/StreamOptions.cs

@@ -7,16 +7,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// <summary>
 /// Options for streaming responses. Only set this when you set stream: true.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamOptions
+internal sealed class StreamOptions
 {
-    /// <summary>
-    /// If set, an additional chunk will be streamed before the data: [DONE] message.
-    /// The usage field on this chunk shows the token usage statistics for the entire request,
-    /// and the choices field will always be an empty array.
-    /// </summary>
-    [JsonPropertyName("include_usage")]
-    public bool? IncludeUsage { get; init; }
-
     /// <summary>
     /// When true, stream obfuscation will be enabled. Stream obfuscation adds random characters
     /// to an obfuscation field on streaming delta events to normalize payload sizes as a mitigation

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/StreamingResponseEvent.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingResponseCompleted), StreamingResponseCompleted.EventType)]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingResponseIncomplete), StreamingResponseIncomplete.EventType)]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingResponseFailed), StreamingResponseFailed.EventType)]
+[JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingResponseCancelled), StreamingResponseCancelled.EventType)]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingOutputItemAdded), StreamingOutputItemAdded.EventType)]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingOutputItemDone), StreamingOutputItemDone.EventType)]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingContentPartAdded), StreamingContentPartAdded.EventType)]
@@ -26,7 +27,10 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDone), StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDone.EventType)]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDelta), StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDelta.EventType)]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDone), StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDone.EventType)]
-internal abstract record StreamingResponseEvent
+[JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingWorkflowEventComplete), StreamingWorkflowEventComplete.EventType)]
+[JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingFunctionApprovalRequested), StreamingFunctionApprovalRequested.EventType)]
+[JsonDerivedType(typeof(StreamingFunctionApprovalResponded), StreamingFunctionApprovalResponded.EventType)]
+internal abstract class StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the type identifier for the streaming response event.
@@ -43,11 +47,22 @@ internal abstract record StreamingResponseEvent
     public int SequenceNumber { get; init; }
 }
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Denotes an <see cref="StreamingResponseEvent"/> instance which contains an update to the <see cref="Models.Response"/> instance.
+/// </summary>
+internal interface IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the response object associated with this streaming event.
+    /// </summary>
+    Response Response { get; }
+}
+
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that a new response has been created and streaming has begun.
 /// This is typically the first event sent in a streaming response sequence.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingResponseCreated : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingResponseCreated : StreamingResponseEvent, IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for response created events.
@@ -69,7 +84,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingResponseCreated : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that the response is in progress.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingResponseInProgress : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingResponseInProgress : StreamingResponseEvent, IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for response in progress events.
@@ -91,7 +106,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingResponseInProgress : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that the response has been completed.
 /// This is typically the last event sent in a streaming response sequence.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingResponseCompleted : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingResponseCompleted : StreamingResponseEvent, IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for response completed events.
@@ -113,7 +128,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingResponseCompleted : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that the response finished as incomplete.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingResponseIncomplete : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingResponseIncomplete : StreamingResponseEvent, IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for response incomplete events.
@@ -134,7 +149,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingResponseIncomplete : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that the response has failed.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingResponseFailed : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingResponseFailed : StreamingResponseEvent, IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for response failed events.
@@ -152,11 +167,33 @@ internal sealed record StreamingResponseFailed : StreamingResponseEvent
     public required Response Response { get; init; }
 }
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a streaming response event indicating that the response has been cancelled.
+/// Only responses created with background=true can be cancelled.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class StreamingResponseCancelled : StreamingResponseEvent, IStreamingResponseEventWithResponse
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant event type identifier for response cancelled events.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string EventType = "response.cancelled";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public override string Type => EventType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the cancelled response object.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("response")]
+    public required Response Response { get; init; }
+}
+
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that a new output item has been added to the response.
 /// This event is sent when the AI agent produces a new piece of content during streaming.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingOutputItemAdded : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingOutputItemAdded : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for output item added events.
@@ -186,7 +223,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingOutputItemAdded : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that an output item has been completed.
 /// This event is sent when the AI agent finishes producing a particular piece of content.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingOutputItemDone : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingOutputItemDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for output item done events.
@@ -215,7 +252,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingOutputItemDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that a new content part has been added to an output item.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingContentPartAdded : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingContentPartAdded : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for content part added events.
@@ -254,7 +291,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingContentPartAdded : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that a content part has been completed.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingContentPartDone : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingContentPartDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for content part done events.
@@ -293,7 +330,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingContentPartDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event containing a text delta (incremental text chunk).
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingOutputTextDelta : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingOutputTextDelta : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for output text delta events.
@@ -332,13 +369,13 @@ internal sealed record StreamingOutputTextDelta : StreamingResponseEvent
     /// Gets or sets the log probability information for the output tokens.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("logprobs")]
-    public IList<JsonElement> Logprobs { get; init; } = [];
+    public List<JsonElement> Logprobs { get; init; } = [];
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that output text has been completed.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingOutputTextDone : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingOutputTextDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for output text done events.
@@ -377,7 +414,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingOutputTextDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event containing a function call arguments delta.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDelta : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDelta : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for function call arguments delta events.
@@ -410,7 +447,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDelta : StreamingResponseEv
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that function call arguments are complete.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDone : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for function call arguments done events.
@@ -443,7 +480,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingFunctionCallArgumentsDone : StreamingResponseEve
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event containing a reasoning summary text delta (incremental text chunk).
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDelta : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDelta : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for reasoning summary text delta events.
@@ -482,7 +519,7 @@ internal sealed record StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDelta : StreamingResponseEve
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a streaming response event indicating that reasoning summary text has been completed.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDone : StreamingResponseEvent
+internal sealed class StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDone : StreamingResponseEvent
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The constant event type identifier for reasoning summary text done events.
@@ -517,3 +554,148 @@ internal sealed record StreamingReasoningSummaryTextDone : StreamingResponseEven
     [JsonPropertyName("text")]
     public required string Text { get; init; }
 }
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a streaming response event containing a workflow event.
+/// This event is sent during workflow execution to provide observability into workflow steps,
+/// executor invocations, errors, and other workflow lifecycle events.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class StreamingWorkflowEventComplete : StreamingResponseEvent
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant event type identifier for workflow event events.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string EventType = "response.workflow_event.complete";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public override string Type => EventType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the index of the output in the response.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output_index")]
+    public int OutputIndex { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the workflow event data containing event type, executor ID, and event-specific data.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("data")]
+    public JsonElement? Data { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the executor ID if this is an executor-scoped event.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("executor_id")]
+    public string? ExecutorId { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the item ID for tracking purposes.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("item_id")]
+    public string? ItemId { get; set; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a streaming response event indicating a function approval has been requested.
+/// This is a non-standard DevUI extension for human-in-the-loop scenarios.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class StreamingFunctionApprovalRequested : StreamingResponseEvent
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant event type identifier for function approval requested events.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string EventType = "response.function_approval.requested";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public override string Type => EventType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the unique identifier for the approval request.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("request_id")]
+    public required string RequestId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the function call that requires approval.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("function_call")]
+    public required FunctionCallInfo FunctionCall { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the item ID for tracking purposes.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("item_id")]
+    public required string ItemId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the output index.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output_index")]
+    public int OutputIndex { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a streaming response event indicating a function approval has been responded to.
+/// This is a non-standard DevUI extension for human-in-the-loop scenarios.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class StreamingFunctionApprovalResponded : StreamingResponseEvent
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The constant event type identifier for function approval responded events.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string EventType = "response.function_approval.responded";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public override string Type => EventType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the unique identifier of the approval request being responded to.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("request_id")]
+    public required string RequestId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the function call was approved.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("approved")]
+    public bool Approved { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the item ID for tracking purposes.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("item_id")]
+    public required string ItemId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the output index.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("output_index")]
+    public int OutputIndex { get; init; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents function call information for approval events.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class FunctionCallInfo
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the function call ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("id")]
+    public required string Id { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the function name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("name")]
+    public required string Name { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the function arguments.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("arguments")]
+    public required JsonElement Arguments { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/TextConfiguration.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 
 namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
 /// <summary>
 /// Configuration options for a text response from the model.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record TextConfiguration
+internal sealed class TextConfiguration
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The format configuration for the text response.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ internal sealed record TextConfiguration
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(ResponseTextFormatConfigurationText), "text")]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonObject), "json_object")]
 [JsonDerivedType(typeof(ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonSchema), "json_schema")]
-internal abstract record ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
+internal abstract class ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// The type of response format.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ internal abstract record ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
 /// <summary>
 /// Plain text response format configuration.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ResponseTextFormatConfigurationText : ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
+internal sealed class ResponseTextFormatConfigurationText : ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the type of response format. Always "text".
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ internal sealed record ResponseTextFormatConfigurationText : ResponseTextFormatC
 /// JSON object response format configuration.
 /// Ensures the message the model generates is valid JSON.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonObject : ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
+internal sealed class ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonObject : ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the type of response format. Always "json_object".
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ internal sealed record ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonObject : ResponseTextF
 /// <summary>
 /// JSON schema response format configuration with structured output schema.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed record ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonSchema : ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
+internal sealed class ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonSchema : ResponseTextFormatConfiguration
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the type of response format. Always "json_schema".
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ internal sealed record ResponseTextFormatConfigurationJsonSchema : ResponseTextF
     /// The JSON schema for structured outputs.
     /// </summary>
     [JsonPropertyName("schema")]
-    public required Dictionary<string, object> Schema { get; init; }
+    public required JsonElement Schema { get; init; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Whether to enable strict schema adherence when generating the output.

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Models/WorkflowEventData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents workflow event data for serialization.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class WorkflowEventData
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The type of the workflow event.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("event_type")]
+    public required string EventType { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The event data payload.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("data")]
+    [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)]
+    public JsonElement? Data { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The executor ID, if this is an executor event.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("executor_id")]
+    [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)]
+    public string? ExecutorId { get; init; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The timestamp when the event occurred.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("timestamp")]
+    public required string Timestamp { get; init; }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/ResponsesHttpHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Models;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handles route requests for OpenAI Responses API endpoints.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ResponsesHttpHandler
+{
+    private readonly IResponsesService _responsesService;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ResponsesHttpHandler"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="responsesService">The responses service.</param>
+    public ResponsesHttpHandler(IResponsesService responsesService)
+    {
+        this._responsesService = responsesService ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(responsesService));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a model response for the given input.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> CreateResponseAsync(
+        [FromBody] CreateResponse request,
+        [FromQuery] bool? stream,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // Handle streaming vs non-streaming
+            bool shouldStream = stream ?? request.Stream ?? false;
+
+            if (shouldStream)
+            {
+                var streamingResponse = this._responsesService.CreateResponseStreamingAsync(
+                    request,
+                    cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
+
+                return new SseJsonResult<StreamingResponseEvent>(
+                    streamingResponse,
+                    static evt => evt.Type,
+                    OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.StreamingResponseEvent);
+            }
+
+            var response = await this._responsesService.CreateResponseAsync(
+                request,
+                cancellationToken: cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            return Results.Ok(response);
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex) when (ex.Message.Contains("Mutually exclusive"))
+        {
+            // Return OpenAI-style error for mutual exclusivity violations
+            return Results.BadRequest(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = ex.Message,
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error",
+                    Code = "mutually_exclusive_parameters"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex) when (ex.Message.Contains("not found") || ex.Message.Contains("does not exist"))
+        {
+            // Return OpenAI-style error for not found errors
+            return Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = ex.Message,
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex) when (ex.Message.Contains("No 'agent.name' or 'model' specified"))
+        {
+            // Return OpenAI-style error for missing required parameters
+            return Results.BadRequest(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = ex.Message,
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error",
+                    Code = "missing_required_parameter"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retrieves a response by ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> GetResponseAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        [FromQuery] string[]? include,
+        [FromQuery] bool? stream,
+        [FromQuery] int? starting_after,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        // If streaming is requested, return SSE stream
+        if (stream == true)
+        {
+            var streamingResponse = this._responsesService.GetResponseStreamingAsync(
+                responseId,
+                startingAfter: starting_after,
+                cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
+
+            return new SseJsonResult<StreamingResponseEvent>(
+                streamingResponse,
+                static evt => evt.Type,
+                OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.StreamingResponseEvent);
+        }
+
+        // Non-streaming: return the response object
+        var response = await this._responsesService.GetResponseAsync(responseId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return response is not null
+            ? Results.Ok(response)
+            : Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Response '{responseId}' not found.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Cancels an in-progress response.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> CancelResponseAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var response = await this._responsesService.CancelResponseAsync(responseId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return Results.Ok(response);
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
+        {
+            return Results.BadRequest(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = ex.Message,
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deletes a response.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> DeleteResponseAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var deleted = await this._responsesService.DeleteResponseAsync(responseId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return deleted
+            ? Results.Ok(new DeleteResponse { Id = responseId, Object = "response", Deleted = true })
+            : Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = $"Response '{responseId}' not found.",
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lists the input items for a response.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<IResult> ListResponseInputItemsAsync(
+        string responseId,
+        [FromQuery] int? limit,
+        [FromQuery] string? order,
+        [FromQuery] string? after,
+        [FromQuery] string? before,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // Convert string order to SortOrder enum
+            SortOrder? sortOrder = order switch
+            {
+                string s when s.Equals("asc", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) => SortOrder.Ascending,
+                string s when s.Equals("desc", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) => SortOrder.Descending,
+                null => null,
+                _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Invalid order value: {order}. Must be 'asc' or 'desc'.")
+            };
+
+            var result = await this._responsesService.ListResponseInputItemsAsync(
+                responseId,
+                limit,
+                sortOrder,
+                after,
+                before,
+                cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            return Results.Ok(result);
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
+        {
+            return Results.NotFound(new ErrorResponse
+            {
+                Error = new ErrorDetails
+                {
+                    Message = ex.Message,
+                    Type = "invalid_request_error"
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/ResponsesJsonSerializerOptions.cs

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
-
-using System.Text.Json;
-
-namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Extension methods for JSON serialization.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class ResponsesJsonSerializerOptions
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Gets the default JSON serializer options.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static JsonSerializerOptions Default { get; } = Create();
-
-    private static JsonSerializerOptions Create()
-    {
-        JsonSerializerOptions options = new(ResponsesJsonContext.Default.Options);
-        options.TypeInfoResolverChain.Add(AgentAbstractionsJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.TypeInfoResolver!);
-        options.MakeReadOnly();
-        return options;
-    }
-}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/AudioContentEventGenerator.cs

@@ -16,27 +16,18 @@ internal sealed class AudioContentEventGenerator(
         SequenceNumber seq,
         int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
-    private bool _isCompleted;
-
     public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) =>
         content is DataContent dataContent && dataContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("audio");
 
     public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
     {
-        if (this._isCompleted)
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot process content after the generator has been completed.");
-        }
-
         if (content is not DataContent audioData || !audioData.HasTopLevelMediaType("audio"))
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("AudioContentEventGenerator only supports audio DataContent.");
         }
 
         var itemId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
-        var itemContent = ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) as ItemContentInputAudio;
-
-        if (itemContent == null)
+        if (ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) is not ItemContentInputAudio itemContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to convert audio content to ItemContentInputAudio.");
         }
@@ -79,13 +70,7 @@ internal sealed class AudioContentEventGenerator(
             OutputIndex = outputIndex,
             Item = item
         };
-
-        this._isCompleted = true;
     }
 
-    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete()
-    {
-        this._isCompleted = true;
-        return [];
-    }
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/ErrorContentEventGenerator.cs

@@ -16,26 +16,17 @@ internal sealed class ErrorContentEventGenerator(
         SequenceNumber seq,
         int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
-    private bool _isCompleted;
-
     public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) => content is ErrorContent;
 
     public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
     {
-        if (this._isCompleted)
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot process content after the generator has been completed.");
-        }
-
         if (content is not ErrorContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("ErrorContentEventGenerator only supports ErrorContent.");
         }
 
         var itemId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
-        var itemContent = ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) as ItemContentRefusal;
-
-        if (itemContent == null)
+        if (ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) is not ItemContentRefusal itemContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to convert error content to ItemContentRefusal.");
         }
@@ -78,13 +69,7 @@ internal sealed class ErrorContentEventGenerator(
             OutputIndex = outputIndex,
             Item = item
         };
-
-        this._isCompleted = true;
     }
 
-    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete()
-    {
-        this._isCompleted = true;
-        return [];
-    }
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/FileContentEventGenerator.cs

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ internal sealed class FileContentEventGenerator(
         SequenceNumber seq,
         int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
-    private bool _isCompleted;
-
     public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) =>
         content is DataContent dataContent &&
         !dataContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image") &&
@@ -25,11 +23,6 @@ internal sealed class FileContentEventGenerator(
 
     public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
     {
-        if (this._isCompleted)
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot process content after the generator has been completed.");
-        }
-
         if (content is not DataContent fileData ||
             fileData.HasTopLevelMediaType("image") ||
             fileData.HasTopLevelMediaType("audio"))
@@ -38,9 +31,7 @@ internal sealed class FileContentEventGenerator(
         }
 
         var itemId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
-        var itemContent = ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) as ItemContentInputFile;
-
-        if (itemContent == null)
+        if (ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) is not ItemContentInputFile itemContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to convert file content to ItemContentInputFile.");
         }
@@ -83,13 +74,7 @@ internal sealed class FileContentEventGenerator(
             OutputIndex = outputIndex,
             Item = item
         };
-
-        this._isCompleted = true;
     }
 
-    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete()
-    {
-        this._isCompleted = true;
-        return [];
-    }
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/FunctionApprovalRequestEventGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Streaming;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A generator for streaming events from function approval request content.
+/// This is a non-standard DevUI extension for human-in-the-loop scenarios.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class FunctionApprovalRequestEventGenerator(
+        IdGenerator idGenerator,
+        SequenceNumber seq,
+        int outputIndex,
+        JsonSerializerOptions jsonSerializerOptions) : StreamingEventGenerator
+{
+    public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) => content is FunctionApprovalRequestContent;
+
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
+    {
+        if (content is not FunctionApprovalRequestContent approvalRequest)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("FunctionApprovalRequestEventGenerator only supports FunctionApprovalRequestContent.");
+        }
+
+        yield return new StreamingFunctionApprovalRequested
+        {
+            SequenceNumber = seq.Increment(),
+            OutputIndex = outputIndex,
+            RequestId = approvalRequest.Id,
+            ItemId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId(),
+            FunctionCall = new FunctionCallInfo
+            {
+                Id = approvalRequest.FunctionCall.CallId,
+                Name = approvalRequest.FunctionCall.Name,
+                Arguments = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(
+                    approvalRequest.FunctionCall.Arguments,
+                    jsonSerializerOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(IDictionary<string, object>)))
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/FunctionApprovalResponseEventGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses.Streaming;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A generator for streaming events from function approval response content.
+/// This is a non-standard DevUI extension for human-in-the-loop scenarios.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class FunctionApprovalResponseEventGenerator(
+        IdGenerator idGenerator,
+        SequenceNumber seq,
+        int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
+{
+    public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) => content is FunctionApprovalResponseContent;
+
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
+    {
+        if (content is not FunctionApprovalResponseContent approvalResponse)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("FunctionApprovalResponseEventGenerator only supports FunctionApprovalResponseContent.");
+        }
+
+        yield return new StreamingFunctionApprovalResponded
+        {
+            SequenceNumber = seq.Increment(),
+            OutputIndex = outputIndex,
+            RequestId = approvalResponse.Id,
+            Approved = approvalResponse.Approved,
+            ItemId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId()
+        };
+    }
+
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
+}

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/FunctionCallEventGenerator.cs

@@ -17,17 +17,10 @@ internal sealed class FunctionCallEventGenerator(
         int outputIndex,
         JsonSerializerOptions jsonSerializerOptions) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
-    private bool _isCompleted;
-
     public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) => content is FunctionCallContent;
 
     public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
     {
-        if (this._isCompleted)
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot process content after the generator has been completed.");
-        }
-
         if (content is not FunctionCallContent functionCallContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("FunctionCallEventGenerator only supports FunctionCallContent.");
@@ -63,13 +56,7 @@ internal sealed class FunctionCallEventGenerator(
             OutputIndex = outputIndex,
             Item = item
         };
-
-        this._isCompleted = true;
     }
 
-    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete()
-    {
-        this._isCompleted = true;
-        return [];
-    }
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/FunctionResultEventGenerator.cs

@@ -15,17 +15,10 @@ internal sealed class FunctionResultEventGenerator(
         SequenceNumber seq,
         int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
-    private bool _isCompleted;
-
     public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) => content is FunctionResultContent;
 
     public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
     {
-        if (this._isCompleted)
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot process content after the generator has been completed.");
-        }
-
         if (content is not FunctionResultContent functionResultContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("FunctionResultEventGenerator only supports FunctionResultContent.");
@@ -45,13 +38,7 @@ internal sealed class FunctionResultEventGenerator(
             OutputIndex = outputIndex,
             Item = item
         };
-
-        this._isCompleted = true;
     }
 
-    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete()
-    {
-        this._isCompleted = true;
-        return [];
-    }
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/HostedFileContentEventGenerator.cs

@@ -16,26 +16,17 @@ internal sealed class HostedFileContentEventGenerator(
         SequenceNumber seq,
         int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
-    private bool _isCompleted;
-
     public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) => content is HostedFileContent;
 
     public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
     {
-        if (this._isCompleted)
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot process content after the generator has been completed.");
-        }
-
         if (content is not HostedFileContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("HostedFileContentEventGenerator only supports HostedFileContent.");
         }
 
         var itemId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
-        var itemContent = ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) as ItemContentInputFile;
-
-        if (itemContent == null)
+        if (ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) is not ItemContentInputFile itemContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to convert hosted file content to ItemContentInputFile.");
         }
@@ -78,13 +69,7 @@ internal sealed class HostedFileContentEventGenerator(
             OutputIndex = outputIndex,
             Item = item
         };
-
-        this._isCompleted = true;
     }
 
-    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete()
-    {
-        this._isCompleted = true;
-        return [];
-    }
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/ImageContentEventGenerator.cs

@@ -16,22 +16,13 @@ internal sealed class ImageContentEventGenerator(
         SequenceNumber seq,
         int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
-    private bool _isCompleted;
-
     public override bool IsSupported(AIContent content) =>
-        content is UriContent uriContent && uriContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image") ||
-        content is DataContent dataContent && dataContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image");
+        (content is UriContent uriContent && uriContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image")) ||
+        (content is DataContent dataContent && dataContent.HasTopLevelMediaType("image"));
 
     public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> ProcessContent(AIContent content)
     {
-        if (this._isCompleted)
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot process content after the generator has been completed.");
-        }
-
-        ItemContentInputImage? itemContent = ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) as ItemContentInputImage;
-
-        if (itemContent == null)
+        if (ItemContentConverter.ToItemContent(content) is not ItemContentInputImage itemContent)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException("ImageContentEventGenerator only supports image UriContent and DataContent.");
         }
@@ -76,13 +67,7 @@ internal sealed class ImageContentEventGenerator(
             OutputIndex = outputIndex,
             Item = item
         };
-
-        this._isCompleted = true;
     }
 
-    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete()
-    {
-        this._isCompleted = true;
-        return [];
-    }
+    public override IEnumerable<StreamingResponseEvent> Complete() => [];
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/Responses/Streaming/TextReasoningContentEventGenerator.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ internal sealed class TextReasoningContentEventGenerator(
         int outputIndex) : StreamingEventGenerator
 {
     private State _currentState = State.Initial;
-    private readonly string _itemId = idGenerator.GenerateMessageId();
+    private readonly string _itemId = idGenerator.GenerateReasoningId();
     private readonly StringBuilder _text = new();
     private const int SummaryIndex = 0; // Summary index for reasoning summary text
 

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
 
 using System;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.ChatCompletions;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Conversations;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI.Responses;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Json;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
 
 namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ public static class MicrosoftAgentAIHostingOpenAIServiceCollectionExtensions
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Adds support for exposing <see cref="AIAgent"/> instances via OpenAI Responses.
+    /// Uses the in-memory responses service implementation.
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="services">The <see cref="IServiceCollection"/> to configure.</param>
     /// <returns>The <see cref="IServiceCollection"/> for method chaining.</returns>
@@ -36,8 +40,39 @@ public static class MicrosoftAgentAIHostingOpenAIServiceCollectionExtensions
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
 
-        services.Configure<JsonOptions>(options => options.SerializerOptions.TypeInfoResolverChain.Add(ResponsesJsonSerializerOptions.Default.TypeInfoResolver!));
+        services.Configure<JsonOptions>(options
+            => options.SerializerOptions.TypeInfoResolverChain.Add(
+                OpenAIHostingJsonContext.Default.Options.TypeInfoResolver!));
+
+        services.TryAddSingleton<IConversationStorage, InMemoryConversationStorage>();
+        services.TryAddSingleton<IAgentConversationIndex, InMemoryAgentConversationIndex>();
+        services.TryAddSingleton<InMemoryStorageOptions>();
+        services.TryAddSingleton<IResponsesService>(sp =>
+        {
+            var executor = sp.GetRequiredService<IResponseExecutor>();
+            var options = sp.GetRequiredService<InMemoryStorageOptions>();
+            var conversationStorage = sp.GetService<IConversationStorage>();
+            return new InMemoryResponsesService(executor, options, conversationStorage);
+        });
+        services.TryAddSingleton<IResponseExecutor, HostedAgentResponseExecutor>();
 
         return services;
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds in-memory conversation storage and indexing services to the service collection.
+    /// This is suitable only for development and testing scenarios.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="services">The service collection to add services to.</param>
+    /// <returns>The service collection for chaining.</returns>
+    public static IServiceCollection AddOpenAIConversations(this IServiceCollection services)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
+
+        // Register storage options
+        services.TryAddSingleton<InMemoryStorageOptions>();
+        services.TryAddSingleton<IConversationStorage, InMemoryConversationStorage>();
+        services.TryAddSingleton<IAgentConversationIndex, InMemoryAgentConversationIndex>();
+        return services;
+    }
 }

dotnet/src/Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI/SseJsonResult.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Net.ServerSentEvents;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization.Metadata;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Agents.AI.Hosting.OpenAI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// IResult implementation for streaming JSON data using Server-Sent Events (SSE).
+/// </summary>
+/// <typeparam name="T">The type of items to stream.</typeparam>
+internal sealed class SseJsonResult<T> : IResult
+{
+    private readonly IAsyncEnumerable<T> _events;
+    private readonly JsonTypeInfo<T> _jsonTypeInfo;
+    private readonly Func<T, string?> _getEventType;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SseJsonResult{T}"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="events">The async enumerable of items to stream.</param>
+    /// <param name="getEventType">A function to get the optional event type from each item.</param>
+    /// <param name="jsonTypeInfo">The JSON type information for serializing items.</param>
+    public SseJsonResult(IAsyncEnumerable<T> events, Func<T, string?> getEventType, JsonTypeInfo<T> jsonTypeInfo)
+    {
+        this._events = events ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(events));
+        this._jsonTypeInfo = jsonTypeInfo ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(jsonTypeInfo));
+        this._getEventType = getEventType ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(getEventType));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Executes the result by streaming items to the HTTP response using Server-Sent Events format.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="httpContext">The HTTP context.</param>
+    public async Task ExecuteAsync(HttpContext httpContext)
+    {
+        var response = httpContext.Response;
+        var cancellationToken = httpContext.RequestAborted;
+
+        // Set SSE headers
+        response.Headers.ContentType = "text/event-stream";
+        response.Headers.CacheControl = "no-cache,no-store";
+        response.Headers.Connection = "keep-alive";
+        response.Headers.ContentEncoding = "identity";
+        httpContext.Features.GetRequiredFeature<IHttpResponseBodyFeature>().DisableBuffering();
+
+        await SseFormatter.WriteAsync(
+            source: this.GetItemsAsync(),
+            destination: response.Body,
+            itemFormatter: this.FormatItem,
+            cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    private async IAsyncEnumerable<SseItem<T>> GetItemsAsync()
+    {
+        await foreach (var item in this._events.ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            yield return new SseItem<T>(item, this._getEventType(item));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void FormatItem(SseItem<T> sseItem, IBufferWriter<byte> bufferWriter)
+    {
+        using var writer = new Utf8JsonWriter(bufferWriter);
+        JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, sseItem.Data, this._jsonTypeInfo);
+        writer.Flush();
+    }
+}