diff --git a/packages/tui/src/components/markdown.ts b/packages/tui/src/components/markdown.ts
index 0f8ffdfe9..8e23e2890 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/components/markdown.ts
+++ b/packages/tui/src/components/markdown.ts
@@ -145,7 +145,9 @@ export class Markdown implements Component {
 			const token = tokens[i];
 			const nextToken = tokens[i + 1];
 			const tokenLines = this.renderToken(token, contentWidth, nextToken?.type);
-			renderedLines.push(...tokenLines);
+			for (const tokenLine of tokenLines) {
+				renderedLines.push(tokenLine);
+			}
 		}
 
 		// Wrap lines (NO padding, NO background yet)
@@ -154,7 +156,9 @@ export class Markdown implements Component {
 			if (isImageLine(line)) {
 				wrappedLines.push(line);
 			} else {
-				wrappedLines.push(...wrapTextWithAnsi(line, contentWidth));
+				for (const wrappedLine of wrapTextWithAnsi(line, contentWidth)) {
+					wrappedLines.push(wrappedLine);
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -191,7 +195,7 @@ export class Markdown implements Component {
 		}
 
 		// Combine top padding, content, and bottom padding
-		const result = [...emptyLines, ...contentLines, ...emptyLines];
+		const result = emptyLines.concat(contentLines, emptyLines);
 
 		// Update cache
 		this.cachedText = this.text;