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## Problem The TUI diff renderer uses hardcoded background palettes for insert/delete lines that don't respect the user's chosen syntax theme. When a theme defines `markup.inserted` / `markup.deleted` scope backgrounds (the convention used by GitHub, Solarized, Monokai, and most VS Code themes), those colors are ignored — the diff always renders with the same green/red tints regardless of theme selection. Separately, ANSI-16 terminals (and Windows Terminal sessions misreported as ANSI-16) rendered diff backgrounds as full-saturation blocks that obliterated syntax token colors, making highlighted diffs unreadable. ## Mental model Diff backgrounds are resolved in three layers: 1. **Color level detection** — `diff_color_level_for_terminal()` maps the raw `supports-color` probe + Windows Terminal heuristics to a `DiffColorLevel` (TrueColor / Ansi256 / Ansi16). Windows Terminal gets promoted from Ansi16 to TrueColor when `WT_SESSION` is present. 2. **Background resolution** — `resolve_diff_backgrounds()` queries the active syntax theme for `markup.inserted`/`markup.deleted` (falling back to `diff.inserted`/`diff.deleted`), then overlays those on top of the hardcoded palette. For ANSI-256, theme RGB values are quantized to the nearest xterm-256 index. For ANSI-16, backgrounds are `None` (foreground-only). 3. **Style composition** — The resolved `ResolvedDiffBackgrounds` is threaded through every call to `style_add`, `style_del`, `style_sign_*`, and `style_line_bg_for`, which decide how to compose foreground+background for each line kind and theme variant. A new `RichDiffColorLevel` type (a subset of `DiffColorLevel` without Ansi16) encodes the invariant "we have enough depth for tinted backgrounds" at the type level, so background-producing functions have exhaustive matches without unreachable arms. ## Non-goals - No change to gutter (line number column) styling — gutter backgrounds still use the hardcoded palette. - No per-token scope background resolution — this is line-level background only; syntax token colors come from the existing `highlight_code_to_styled_spans` path. - No dark/light theme auto-switching from scope backgrounds — `DiffTheme` is still determined by querying the terminal's background color. ## Tradeoffs - **Theme trust vs. visual safety:** When a theme defines scope backgrounds, we trust them unconditionally for rich color levels. A badly authored theme could produce illegible combinations. The fallback for `None` backgrounds (foreground-only) is intentionally conservative. - **Quantization quality:** ANSI-256 quantization uses perceptual distance across indices 16–255, skipping system colors. The result is approximate — a subtle theme tint may land on a noticeably different xterm index. - **Single-query caching:** `resolve_diff_backgrounds` is called once per `render_change` invocation (i.e., once per file in a diff). If the theme changes mid-render (live preview), the next file picks up the new backgrounds. ## Architecture Files changed: | File | Role | |---|---| | `tui/src/render/highlight.rs` | New: `DiffScopeBackgroundRgbs`, `diff_scope_background_rgbs()`, scope extraction helpers | | `tui/src/diff_render.rs` | New: `RichDiffColorLevel`, `ResolvedDiffBackgrounds`, `resolve_diff_backgrounds*`, `quantize_rgb_to_ansi256`, Windows Terminal promotion; modified: all style helpers to accept/thread `ResolvedDiffBackgrounds` | The scope-extraction code lives in `highlight.rs` because it uses `syntect::highlighting::Highlighter` and the theme singleton. The resolution and quantization logic lives in `diff_render.rs` because it depends on diff-specific types (`DiffTheme`, `DiffColorLevel`, ratatui `Color`). ## Observability No runtime logging was added. The most useful debugging aid is the `diff_color_level_for_terminal` function, which is pure and fully unit-tested — to diagnose a color-depth mismatch, log its four inputs (`StdoutColorLevel`, `TerminalName`, `WT_SESSION` presence, `FORCE_COLOR` presence). Scope resolution can be tested by loading a custom `.tmTheme` with known `markup.inserted` / `markup.deleted` backgrounds and checking the diff output in a truecolor terminal. ## Tests - **Windows Terminal promotion:** 7 unit tests cover every branch of `diff_color_level_for_terminal` (ANSI-16 promotion, `WT_SESSION` unconditional promotion, `FORCE_COLOR` suppression, conservative `Unknown` level). - **ANSI-16 foreground-only:** Tests verify that `style_add`, `style_del`, `style_sign_*`, `style_line_bg_for`, and `style_gutter_for` all return `None` backgrounds on ANSI-16. - **Scope resolution:** Tests verify `markup.*` preference over `diff.*`, `None` when no scope matches, bundled theme resolution, and custom `.tmTheme` round-trip. - **Quantization:** Test verifies ANSI-256 quantization of a known RGB triple. - **Insta snapshots:** 2 new snapshot tests (`ansi16_insert_delete_no_background`, `theme_scope_background_resolution`) lock visual output.