codex/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/realtime_conversation.rs

use anyhow::Context;
use anyhow::Result;
use chrono::Utc;
use codex_config::config_toml::RealtimeWsVersion;
use codex_core::test_support::auth_manager_from_auth;
use codex_login::CodexAuth;
use codex_login::OPENAI_API_KEY_ENV_VAR;
use codex_protocol::ThreadId;
use codex_protocol::models::ContentItem;
use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
use codex_protocol::protocol::CodexErrorInfo;
use codex_protocol::protocol::ConversationAudioParams;
use codex_protocol::protocol::ConversationStartParams;
use codex_protocol::protocol::ConversationStartTransport;
use codex_protocol::protocol::ConversationTextParams;
use codex_protocol::protocol::ConversationTextRole;
use codex_protocol::protocol::EventMsg;
use codex_protocol::protocol::InitialHistory;
use codex_protocol::protocol::Op;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RealtimeAudioFrame;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RealtimeConversationVersion;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RealtimeEvent;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RealtimeNoopRequested;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RealtimeOutputModality;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RealtimeVoice;
use codex_protocol::protocol::RolloutItem;
use codex_protocol::protocol::SessionSource;
use codex_protocol::user_input::UserInput;
use core_test_support::responses;
use core_test_support::responses::WebSocketConnectionConfig;
use core_test_support::responses::start_mock_server;
use core_test_support::responses::start_websocket_server;
use core_test_support::responses::start_websocket_server_with_headers;
use core_test_support::skip_if_no_network;
use core_test_support::streaming_sse::StreamingSseChunk;
use core_test_support::streaming_sse::start_streaming_sse_server;
use core_test_support::test_codex::TestCodex;
use core_test_support::test_codex::test_codex;
use core_test_support::wait_for_event;
use core_test_support::wait_for_event_match;
use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
use serde_json::Value;
use serde_json::json;
use std::fs;
use std::process::Command;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::Mutex;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::sync::oneshot;
use tokio::time::timeout;
use uuid::Uuid;
use wiremock::Match;
use wiremock::Mock;
use wiremock::Request as WiremockRequest;
use wiremock::ResponseTemplate;
use wiremock::matchers::method;
use wiremock::matchers::path_regex;

const STARTUP_CONTEXT_HEADER: &str = "Startup context from Codex.";
const STARTUP_CONTEXT_OPEN_TAG: &str = "<startup_context>";
const STARTUP_CONTEXT_CLOSE_TAG: &str = "</startup_context>";
const REALTIME_BACKEND_PROMPT: &str = codex_prompts::BACKEND_PROMPT;
const USER_FIRST_NAME_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "{{ user_first_name }}";
const MEMORY_PROMPT_PHRASE: &str =
    "You have access to a memory folder with guidance from prior runs.";
const REALTIME_CONVERSATION_TEST_SUBPROCESS_ENV_VAR: &str =
    "CODEX_REALTIME_CONVERSATION_TEST_SUBPROCESS";
const SILENT_CONTEXT_PREFIX: &str = "[BACKEND] Silent Codex context. Do not speak, acknowledge, or summarize this item. Wait for an explicit speakable handoff or direct user request.";

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct RealtimeCallRequestCapture {
    requests: Arc<Mutex<Vec<WiremockRequest>>>,
}

impl RealtimeCallRequestCapture {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            requests: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new())),
        }
    }

    fn single_request(&self) -> WiremockRequest {
        let requests = self
            .requests
            .lock()
            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
        assert_eq!(requests.len(), 1, "expected one realtime call request");
        requests[0].clone()
    }
}

impl Match for RealtimeCallRequestCapture {
    fn matches(&self, request: &WiremockRequest) -> bool {
        self.requests
            .lock()
            .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner)
            .push(request.clone());
        true
    }
}

fn normalized_json_string(raw: &str) -> Result<String> {
    let value: Value = serde_json::from_str(raw).context("expected JSON fixture to parse")?;
    serde_json::to_string(&value).context("expected JSON fixture to serialize")
}

fn websocket_request_text(
    request: &core_test_support::responses::WebSocketRequest,
) -> Option<String> {
    request.body_json()["item"]["content"][0]["text"]
        .as_str()
        .map(str::to_owned)
}

fn websocket_request_instructions(
    request: &core_test_support::responses::WebSocketRequest,
) -> Option<String> {
    request.body_json()["session"]["instructions"]
        .as_str()
        .map(str::to_owned)
}

async fn wait_for_websocket_request(
    server: &core_test_support::responses::WebSocketTestServer,
    connection_index: usize,
    request_index: usize,
) -> Result<core_test_support::responses::WebSocketRequest> {
    timeout(
        Duration::from_secs(2),
        server.wait_for_request(connection_index, request_index),
    )
    .await
    .with_context(|| {
        format!("timed out waiting for websocket request {connection_index}/{request_index}")
    })
}

fn expected_realtime_backend_prompt() -> String {
    REALTIME_BACKEND_PROMPT
        .trim_end()
        .replace(USER_FIRST_NAME_PLACEHOLDER, &test_user_first_name())
}

fn test_user_first_name() -> String {
    [whoami::realname(), whoami::username()]
        .into_iter()
        .filter_map(|name| name.split_whitespace().next().map(str::to_string))
        .find(|name| !name.is_empty())
        .unwrap_or_else(|| "there".to_string())
}

async fn wait_for_matching_websocket_request<F>(
    server: &core_test_support::responses::WebSocketTestServer,
    description: &str,
    predicate: F,
) -> core_test_support::responses::WebSocketRequest
where
    F: Fn(&core_test_support::responses::WebSocketRequest) -> bool,
{
    let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(10);
    loop {
        if let Some(request) = server
            .connections()
            .iter()
            .flat_map(|connection| connection.iter())
            .find(|request| predicate(request))
            .cloned()
        {
            return request;
        }

        assert!(
            tokio::time::Instant::now() < deadline,
            "timed out waiting for {description}"
        );
        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
    }
}

fn run_realtime_conversation_test_in_subprocess(
    test_name: &str,
    openai_api_key: Option<&str>,
) -> Result<()> {
    let mut command = Command::new(std::env::current_exe()?);
    command
        .arg("--exact")
        .arg(test_name)
        .env(REALTIME_CONVERSATION_TEST_SUBPROCESS_ENV_VAR, "1");
    // The child talks to a loopback websocket server; parent proxy settings can
    // route that connection away from the test server in Bazel environments.
    for &key in codex_network_proxy::PROXY_ENV_KEYS {
        command.env_remove(key);
    }
    match openai_api_key {
        Some(openai_api_key) => {
            command.env(OPENAI_API_KEY_ENV_VAR, openai_api_key);
        }
        None => {
            command.env_remove(OPENAI_API_KEY_ENV_VAR);
        }
    }
    let output = command.output()?;
    assert!(
        output.status.success(),
        "subprocess test `{test_name}` failed\nstdout:\n{}\nstderr:\n{}",
        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr),
    );
    Ok(())
}
async fn seed_recent_thread(
    test: &TestCodex,
    title: &str,
    first_user_message: &str,
    slug: &str,
) -> Result<()> {
    let db = test.codex.state_db().context("state db enabled")?;
    let thread_id = ThreadId::new();
    let updated_at = Utc::now();
    let rollout_path = test
        .codex_home_path()
        .join(format!("rollout-{thread_id}.jsonl"));
    // This helper seeds SQLite metadata directly. Local listing drops stale metadata rows whose
    // rollout path no longer exists, so create the placeholder path that the test metadata points
    // at without exercising rollout writing in this realtime-context test.
    std::fs::write(&rollout_path, "")?;
    let mut metadata_builder = codex_state::ThreadMetadataBuilder::new(
        thread_id,
        rollout_path,
        updated_at,
        SessionSource::Cli,
    );
    metadata_builder.cwd = test.workspace_path(format!("workspace-{slug}"));
    metadata_builder.model_provider = Some("test-provider".to_string());
    metadata_builder.git_branch = Some(format!("branch-{slug}"));
    let mut metadata = metadata_builder.build("test-provider");
    metadata.title = title.to_string();
    metadata.first_user_message = Some(first_user_message.to_string());
    db.upsert_thread(&metadata).await?;

    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_start_audio_text_close_round_trip() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![
            vec![json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_1", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            })],
            vec![],
            vec![
                json!({
                    "type": "conversation.output_audio.delta",
                    "delta": "AQID",
                    "sample_rate": 24000,
                    "channels": 1
                }),
                json!({
                    "type": "conversation.item.added",
                    "item": {
                        "type": "message",
                        "role": "assistant",
                        "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hi"}]
                    }
                }),
            ],
        ],
    ])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex();
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let started = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationStarted(started) => Some(Ok(started.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation start failed");
    assert!(started.realtime_session_id.is_some());
    assert_eq!(started.version, RealtimeConversationVersion::V1);

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_1");

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationAudio(ConversationAudioParams {
            frame: RealtimeAudioFrame {
                data: "AQID".to_string(),
                sample_rate: 24000,
                num_channels: 1,
                samples_per_channel: Some(480),
                item_id: None,
            },
        }))
        .await?;
    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationText(ConversationTextParams {
            text: "hello".to_string(),
            role: ConversationTextRole::User,
        }))
        .await?;

    let audio_out = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::AudioOut(frame),
        }) => Some(frame.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(audio_out.data, "AQID");

    let connections = server.connections();
    assert_eq!(connections.len(), 2);
    let connection = &connections[1];
    assert_eq!(connection.len(), 3);
    assert_eq!(
        connection[0].body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("session.update")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        connection[0].body_json()["session"]["audio"]["output"]["voice"],
        "cove"
    );
    let initial_instructions = websocket_request_instructions(&connection[0])
        .expect("initial session update instructions");
    assert!(initial_instructions.starts_with("backend prompt"));
    assert_eq!(
        server.handshakes()[1]
            .header("x-session-id")
            .expect("session.update x-session-id header"),
        started
            .realtime_session_id
            .as_deref()
            .expect("started session id should be present")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        server.handshakes()[1].header("authorization").as_deref(),
        Some("Bearer dummy")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        server.handshakes()[1].uri(),
        "/v1/realtime?intent=quicksilver&model=realtime-test-model"
    );
    let mut request_types = [
        connection[1].body_json()["type"]
            .as_str()
            .expect("request type")
            .to_string(),
        connection[2].body_json()["type"]
            .as_str()
            .expect("request type")
            .to_string(),
    ];
    request_types.sort();
    assert_eq!(
        request_types,
        [
            "conversation.item.create".to_string(),
            "input_audio_buffer.append".to_string(),
        ]
    );

    test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
    let closed = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert!(matches!(
        closed.reason.as_deref(),
        Some("requested" | "transport_closed")
    ));

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_start_defaults_to_v2_and_gpt_realtime_1_5() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![]]]).await;
    let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(move |config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context = Some(String::new());
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let started = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationStarted(started) => Some(Ok(started.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation start failed");

    assert!(
        realtime_server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    let session_update = realtime_server
        .wait_for_request(/*connection_index*/ 0, /*request_index*/ 0)
        .await;
    let body = session_update.body_json();
    assert_eq!(
        json!({
            "startedVersion": started.version,
            "handshakeUri": realtime_server.single_handshake().uri(),
            "voice": body["session"]["audio"]["output"]["voice"],
            "instructions": body["session"]["instructions"],
        }),
        json!({
            "startedVersion": RealtimeConversationVersion::V2,
            "handshakeUri": "/v1/realtime?model=gpt-realtime-1.5",
            "voice": "marin",
            "instructions": "backend prompt",
        })
    );

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_webrtc_start_posts_generated_session() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_mock_server().await;
    let sideband_accept_delay = Duration::from_millis(1000);
    let capture = RealtimeCallRequestCapture::new();
    Mock::given(method("POST"))
        .and(path_regex(".*/realtime/calls$"))
        .and(capture.clone())
        .respond_with(
            ResponseTemplate::new(200)
                .insert_header("Location", "/v1/realtime/calls/calls/rtc_core_test")
                .set_body_string("v=answer\r\n"),
        )
        .mount(&server)
        .await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server_with_headers(vec![WebSocketConnectionConfig {
        requests: vec![
            vec![json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_webrtc", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            })],
            vec![],
        ],
        response_headers: Vec::new(),
        accept_delay: Some(sideband_accept_delay),
        close_after_requests: false,
    }])
    .await;

    let realtime_ws_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(move |config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("backend prompt".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_model = Some("realtime-test-model".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context = Some("startup context".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_ws_base_url);
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V2;
    });
    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: Some("session-override-model".to_string()),
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: Some(ConversationStartTransport::Webrtc {
                sdp: "v=offer\r\n".to_string(),
            }),
            version: Some(RealtimeConversationVersion::V1),
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    // Phase 1: the client gets the SDP answer that configures its peer connection, and then the
    // normal realtime event stream from the joined sideband WebSocket.
    let created = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationSdp(created) => Some(Ok(created.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation call create failed");
    assert_eq!(created.sdp, "v=answer\r\n");
    assert!(
        realtime_server.handshakes().is_empty(),
        "SDP should be emitted before the delayed sideband websocket joins"
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationText(ConversationTextParams {
            text: "queued before sideband".to_string(),
            role: ConversationTextRole::User,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_webrtc");

    // Phase 2: call creation posts the offer and generated session together, so the media leg can
    // begin inference before the sideband WebSocket is ready.
    let request = capture.single_request();
    assert_eq!(request.url.path(), "/v1/realtime/calls");
    assert_eq!(
        request.url.query(),
        Some("intent=quicksilver&architecture=avas")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        request
            .headers
            .get("authorization")
            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
        Some("Bearer dummy")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        request
            .headers
            .get("content-type")
            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok()),
        Some("multipart/form-data; boundary=codex-realtime-call-boundary")
    );
    let body = String::from_utf8(request.body).context("multipart body should be utf-8")?;
    let session = r#"{"audio":{"input":{"format":{"type":"audio/pcm","rate":24000}},"output":{"voice":"cove"}},"type":"quicksilver","model":"session-override-model","instructions":"backend prompt\n\nstartup context"}"#;
    let session = normalized_json_string(session)?;
    assert_eq!(
        body,
        format!(
            "--codex-realtime-call-boundary\r\n\
             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"sdp\"\r\n\
             Content-Type: application/sdp\r\n\
             \r\n\
             v=offer\r\n\
             \r\n\
             --codex-realtime-call-boundary\r\n\
             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"session\"\r\n\
             Content-Type: application/json\r\n\
             \r\n\
             {session}\r\n\
             --codex-realtime-call-boundary--\r\n"
        )
    );

    // Phase 3: the server joins that same call over the direct sideband WebSocket, sends the
    // ordinary session.update, and keeps the conversation alive until the client closes it.
    let session_update = wait_for_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        /*connection_index*/ 0,
        /*request_index*/ 0,
    )
    .await?;
    assert_eq!(
        session_update.body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("session.update")
    );
    assert!(
        websocket_request_instructions(&session_update)
            .context("session.update should include instructions")?
            .contains("startup context")
    );
    let queued_text = wait_for_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        /*connection_index*/ 0,
        /*request_index*/ 1,
    )
    .await?;
    assert_eq!(
        websocket_request_text(&queued_text).as_deref(),
        Some("queued before sideband")
    );
    let handshake = realtime_server.single_handshake();
    assert_eq!(
        handshake.uri(),
        "/v1/realtime?intent=quicksilver&call_id=rtc_core_test"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        handshake.header("authorization").as_deref(),
        Some("Bearer dummy")
    );

    test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
    let closed = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert!(matches!(
        closed.reason.as_deref(),
        Some("requested" | "transport_closed")
    ));

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_webrtc_start_uses_avas_query() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_mock_server().await;
    let capture = RealtimeCallRequestCapture::new();
    Mock::given(method("POST"))
        .and(path_regex(".*/realtime/calls$"))
        .and(capture.clone())
        .respond_with(
            ResponseTemplate::new(200)
                .insert_header("Location", "/v1/realtime/calls/calls/rtc_avas_test")
                .set_body_string("v=answer\r\n"),
        )
        .mount(&server)
        .await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server_with_headers(vec![WebSocketConnectionConfig {
        requests: vec![
            vec![json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_webrtc", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            })],
            vec![],
        ],
        response_headers: Vec::new(),
        accept_delay: None,
        close_after_requests: false,
    }])
    .await;

    let realtime_ws_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(move |config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("backend prompt".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_ws_base_url);
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
    });
    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: Some(ConversationStartTransport::Webrtc {
                sdp: "v=offer\r\n".to_string(),
            }),
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let created = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationSdp(created) => Some(Ok(created.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation call create failed");
    assert_eq!(created.sdp, "v=answer\r\n");

    let request = capture.single_request();
    assert_eq!(request.url.path(), "/v1/realtime/calls");
    assert_eq!(
        request.url.query(),
        Some("intent=quicksilver&architecture=avas")
    );

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(realtime_session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_webrtc");
    let handshake = realtime_server.single_handshake();
    assert_eq!(
        handshake.uri(),
        "/v1/realtime?intent=quicksilver&call_id=rtc_avas_test"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        handshake.header("authorization").as_deref(),
        Some("Bearer dummy")
    );

    test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_webrtc_default_v1_ignores_configured_v2_voice() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_mock_server().await;
    let capture = RealtimeCallRequestCapture::new();
    Mock::given(method("POST"))
        .and(path_regex(".*/realtime/calls$"))
        .and(capture.clone())
        .respond_with(
            ResponseTemplate::new(200)
                .insert_header("Location", "/v1/realtime/calls/calls/rtc_voice_default")
                .set_body_string("v=answer\r\n"),
        )
        .mount(&server)
        .await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server_with_headers(vec![WebSocketConnectionConfig {
        requests: vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_webrtc_voice", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        })]],
        response_headers: Vec::new(),
        accept_delay: None,
        close_after_requests: false,
    }])
    .await;

    let realtime_ws_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(move |config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("backend prompt".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_ws_base_url);
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V2;
        config.realtime.voice = Some(RealtimeVoice::Cedar);
    });
    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: Some(ConversationStartTransport::Webrtc {
                sdp: "v=offer\r\n".to_string(),
            }),
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let created = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationSdp(created) => Some(Ok(created.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation call create failed");
    assert_eq!(created.sdp, "v=answer\r\n");

    let request = capture.single_request();
    let body = String::from_utf8(request.body).context("multipart body should be utf-8")?;
    assert!(body.contains(r#""type":"quicksilver""#));
    assert!(body.contains(r#""voice":"cove""#));
    assert!(!body.contains(r#""voice":"cedar""#));

    let session_update = wait_for_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        /*connection_index*/ 0,
        /*request_index*/ 0,
    )
    .await?;
    assert_eq!(
        session_update.body_json()["session"]["audio"]["output"]["voice"],
        "cove"
    );

    test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_webrtc_default_v1_rejects_explicit_v2_voice() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V2;
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: Some(ConversationStartTransport::Webrtc {
                sdp: "v=offer\r\n".to_string(),
            }),
            version: None,
            voice: Some(RealtimeVoice::Cedar),
        }))
        .await?;

    let error = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::Error(message),
        }) => Some(message.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert!(error.contains("realtime voice `cedar` is not supported for v1"));
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_webrtc_start_uses_configured_call_base_url_for_avas() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_mock_server().await;
    let capture = RealtimeCallRequestCapture::new();
    Mock::given(method("POST"))
        .and(path_regex(".*/realtime/calls$"))
        .and(capture.clone())
        .respond_with(
            ResponseTemplate::new(200)
                .insert_header("Location", "/v1/realtime/rtc_local_avas_test")
                .set_body_string("v=answer\r\n"),
        )
        .mount(&server)
        .await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server_with_headers(vec![WebSocketConnectionConfig {
        requests: vec![
            vec![json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_webrtc", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            })],
            vec![],
        ],
        response_headers: Vec::new(),
        accept_delay: None,
        close_after_requests: false,
    }])
    .await;

    let realtime_ws_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
    let realtime_call_base_url = format!("{}/v1", server.uri());
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(move |config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("backend prompt".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_ws_base_url);
        config.experimental_realtime_webrtc_call_base_url = Some(realtime_call_base_url);
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
    });
    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: Some(ConversationStartTransport::Webrtc {
                sdp: "v=offer\r\n".to_string(),
            }),
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let created = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationSdp(created) => Some(Ok(created.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation call create failed");
    assert_eq!(created.sdp, "v=answer\r\n");

    let request = capture.single_request();
    assert_eq!(request.url.path(), "/v1/realtime/calls");
    assert_eq!(
        request.url.query(),
        Some("intent=quicksilver&architecture=avas")
    );

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(realtime_session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_webrtc");
    let handshake = realtime_server.single_handshake();
    assert_eq!(
        handshake.uri(),
        "/v1/realtime?intent=quicksilver&call_id=rtc_local_avas_test"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        handshake.header("authorization").as_deref(),
        Some("Bearer dummy")
    );

    test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_webrtc_close_while_sideband_connecting_drops_pending_join() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_mock_server().await;
    Mock::given(method("POST"))
        .and(path_regex(".*/realtime/calls$"))
        .respond_with(
            ResponseTemplate::new(200)
                .insert_header("Location", "/v1/realtime/calls/calls/rtc_close_pending")
                .set_body_string("v=answer\r\n"),
        )
        .mount(&server)
        .await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server_with_headers(vec![WebSocketConnectionConfig {
        requests: vec![vec![]],
        response_headers: Vec::new(),
        accept_delay: Some(Duration::from_millis(500)),
        close_after_requests: false,
    }])
    .await;

    let realtime_ws_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(move |config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("backend prompt".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_model = Some("realtime-test-model".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context = Some(String::new());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_ws_base_url);
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
    });
    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: Some(ConversationStartTransport::Webrtc {
                sdp: "v=offer\r\n".to_string(),
            }),
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let sdp = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationSdp(created) => Some(created.sdp.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(sdp, "v=answer\r\n");
    assert!(
        realtime_server.handshakes().is_empty(),
        "sideband websocket should still be pending when SDP is emitted"
    );

    test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
    let closed = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(closed.reason.as_deref(), Some("requested"));

    let stale_event = timeout(Duration::from_millis(700), async {
        wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
                payload: RealtimeEvent::Error(message),
            }) => Some(format!("stale realtime error: {message}")),
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => {
                Some(format!("stale close event: {:?}", closed.reason))
            }
            _ => None,
        })
        .await
    })
    .await;
    assert!(
        stale_event.is_err(),
        "pending sideband task leaked after close: {:?}",
        stale_event.ok()
    );
    assert!(
        realtime_server.handshakes().is_empty(),
        "pending sideband task should abort before websocket handshake completes"
    );

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_webrtc_sideband_connect_failure_closes_with_error() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_mock_server().await;
    Mock::given(method("POST"))
        .and(path_regex(".*/realtime/calls$"))
        .respond_with(
            ResponseTemplate::new(200)
                .insert_header("Location", "/v1/realtime/calls/calls/rtc_sideband_failure")
                .set_body_string("v=answer\r\n"),
        )
        .mount(&server)
        .await;
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("backend prompt".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_model = Some("realtime-test-model".to_string());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context = Some(String::new());
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some("http://127.0.0.1:1".to_string());
        // Keep the failure-path test inside wait_for_event's timeout on Windows,
        // where refused localhost websocket connects can take around two seconds.
        config.model_provider.request_max_retries = Some(0);
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
    });
    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: Some(ConversationStartTransport::Webrtc {
                sdp: "v=offer\r\n".to_string(),
            }),
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let started = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationStarted(started) => Some(started.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert!(started.realtime_session_id.is_some());

    let sdp = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationSdp(created) => Some(created.sdp.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(sdp, "v=answer\r\n");

    let err = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::Error(message),
        }) => Some(message.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert!(!err.is_empty());

    let closed = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(closed.reason.as_deref(), Some("error"));

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationText(ConversationTextParams {
            text: "after sideband failure".to_string(),
            role: ConversationTextRole::User,
        }))
        .await?;
    let err = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(err.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(err.message, "conversation is not running");

    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_start_uses_openai_env_key_fallback_with_chatgpt_auth() -> Result<()> {
    if std::env::var_os(REALTIME_CONVERSATION_TEST_SUBPROCESS_ENV_VAR).is_none() {
        return run_realtime_conversation_test_in_subprocess(
            "suite::realtime_conversation::conversation_start_uses_openai_env_key_fallback_with_chatgpt_auth",
            Some("env-realtime-key"),
        );
    }

    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_env", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        })]],
    ])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_auth(CodexAuth::create_dummy_chatgpt_auth_for_testing());
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let started = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationStarted(started) => Some(Ok(started.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation start failed");
    assert!(started.realtime_session_id.is_some());

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_env");

    assert_eq!(
        server.handshakes()[1].header("authorization").as_deref(),
        Some("Bearer env-realtime-key")
    );

    test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
    let _closed = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_transport_close_emits_closed_event() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let session_updated = vec![json!({
        "type": "session.updated",
        "session": { "id": "sess_1", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
    })];
    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![], vec![session_updated]]).await;

    let mut builder = test_codex();
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let started = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationStarted(started) => Some(Ok(started.clone())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("conversation start failed");
    assert!(started.realtime_session_id.is_some());

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_1");

    let closed = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(closed.reason.as_deref(), Some("transport_closed"));

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_audio_before_start_emits_error() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![]).await;
    let mut builder = test_codex();
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationAudio(ConversationAudioParams {
            frame: RealtimeAudioFrame {
                data: "AQID".to_string(),
                sample_rate: 24000,
                num_channels: 1,
                samples_per_channel: Some(480),
                item_id: None,
            },
        }))
        .await?;

    let err = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(err.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(err.codex_error_info, Some(CodexErrorInfo::BadRequest));
    assert_eq!(err.message, "conversation is not running");

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_start_preflight_failure_emits_realtime_error_only() -> Result<()> {
    if std::env::var_os(REALTIME_CONVERSATION_TEST_SUBPROCESS_ENV_VAR).is_none() {
        return run_realtime_conversation_test_in_subprocess(
            "suite::realtime_conversation::conversation_start_preflight_failure_emits_realtime_error_only",
            /*openai_api_key*/ None,
        );
    }

    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![]).await;
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_auth(CodexAuth::create_dummy_chatgpt_auth_for_testing());
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let err = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::Error(message),
        }) => Some(message.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(err, "realtime conversation requires API key auth");

    let closed = timeout(Duration::from_millis(200), async {
        wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
            _ => None,
        })
        .await
    })
    .await;
    assert!(closed.is_err(), "preflight failure should not emit closed");

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_start_connect_failure_emits_realtime_error_only() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![]).await;
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some("http://127.0.0.1:1".to_string());
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let err = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::Error(message),
        }) => Some(message.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert!(!err.is_empty());

    let closed = timeout(Duration::from_millis(200), async {
        wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
            _ => None,
        })
        .await
    })
    .await;
    assert!(closed.is_err(), "connect failure should not emit closed");

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_text_before_start_emits_error() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![]).await;
    let mut builder = test_codex();
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationText(ConversationTextParams {
            text: "hello".to_string(),
            role: ConversationTextRole::User,
        }))
        .await?;

    let err = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(err.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(err.codex_error_info, Some(CodexErrorInfo::BadRequest));
    assert_eq!(err.message, "conversation is not running");

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_second_start_replaces_runtime() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_old", "instructions": "old" }
        })]],
        vec![
            vec![json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_new", "instructions": "new" }
            })],
            vec![json!({
                "type": "conversation.output_audio.delta",
                "delta": "AQID",
                "sample_rate": 24000,
                "channels": 1
            })],
        ],
    ])
    .await;
    let mut builder = test_codex();
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("old".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: Some("conv_old".to_string()),
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;
    wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_old" => Some(Ok(())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("first conversation start failed");

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("new".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: Some("conv_new".to_string()),
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;
    wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_new" => Some(Ok(())),
        EventMsg::Error(err) => Some(Err(err.clone())),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await
    .expect("second conversation start failed");

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationAudio(ConversationAudioParams {
            frame: RealtimeAudioFrame {
                data: "AQID".to_string(),
                sample_rate: 24000,
                num_channels: 1,
                samples_per_channel: Some(480),
                item_id: None,
            },
        }))
        .await?;
    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::AudioOut(frame),
        }) if frame.data == "AQID" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let connections = server.connections();
    assert_eq!(connections.len(), 3);
    assert_eq!(connections[1].len(), 1);
    let old_instructions =
        websocket_request_instructions(&connections[1][0]).expect("old session instructions");
    assert!(old_instructions.starts_with("old"));
    assert_eq!(
        server.handshakes()[1].header("x-session-id").as_deref(),
        Some("conv_old")
    );
    assert_eq!(connections[2].len(), 2);
    let new_instructions =
        websocket_request_instructions(&connections[2][0]).expect("new session instructions");
    assert!(new_instructions.starts_with("new"));
    assert_eq!(
        server.handshakes()[2].header("x-session-id").as_deref(),
        Some("conv_new")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        connections[2][1].body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("input_audio_buffer.append")
    );

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_uses_experimental_realtime_ws_base_url_override() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let startup_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![]]).await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![json!({
        "type": "session.updated",
        "session": { "id": "sess_override", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
    })]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&startup_server).await?;
    assert!(
        startup_server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_override");

    let startup_connections = startup_server.connections();
    assert_eq!(startup_connections.len(), 1);

    let realtime_connections = realtime_server.connections();
    assert_eq!(realtime_connections.len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(
        realtime_connections[0][0].body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("session.update")
    );

    startup_server.shutdown().await;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_uses_default_realtime_backend_prompt() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_default", "instructions": "default" }
        })]],
    ])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context =
            Some("controlled startup context".to_string());
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: None,
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_default");

    let connections = server.connections();
    assert_eq!(connections.len(), 2);
    let instructions =
        websocket_request_instructions(&connections[1][0]).expect("default session instructions");
    assert_eq!(
        instructions,
        format!(
            "{}\n\ncontrolled startup context",
            expected_realtime_backend_prompt()
        )
    );

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_uses_empty_instructions_for_null_or_empty_prompt() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_null", "instructions": "" }
        })]],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_empty", "instructions": "" }
        })]],
    ])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context = Some(String::new());
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    for (prompt, expected_session_id) in [
        (Some(None), "sess_null"),
        (Some(Some(String::new())), "sess_empty"),
    ] {
        test.codex
            .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
                client_managed_handoffs: false,
                codex_responses_as_items: false,
                codex_response_item_prefix: None,
                codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
                model: None,
                output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
                include_startup_context: true,
                prompt,
                realtime_session_id: None,
                transport: None,
                version: None,
                voice: None,
            }))
            .await?;

        let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
                payload:
                    RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                        realtime_session_id: session_id,
                        ..
                    },
            }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
            _ => None,
        })
        .await;
        assert_eq!(session_updated, expected_session_id);

        test.codex.submit(Op::RealtimeConversationClose).await?;
        let _closed = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationClosed(closed) => Some(closed.clone()),
            _ => None,
        })
        .await;
    }

    let connections = server.connections();
    assert_eq!(connections.len(), 3);
    let null_instructions =
        websocket_request_instructions(&connections[1][0]).expect("null prompt instructions");
    let empty_instructions =
        websocket_request_instructions(&connections[2][0]).expect("empty prompt instructions");
    assert_eq!(null_instructions, "");
    assert_eq!(empty_instructions, "");

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_uses_explicit_start_voice() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_voice", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        })]],
    ])
    .await;
    let test = test_codex().build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: Some(RealtimeVoice::Breeze),
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_voice");

    let connections = server.connections();
    assert_eq!(
        connections[1][0].body_json()["session"]["audio"]["output"]["voice"],
        "breeze"
    );

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_uses_configured_realtime_voice() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_config_voice", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        })]],
    ])
    .await;
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.realtime.voice = Some(RealtimeVoice::Cove);
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_config_voice");

    let connections = server.connections();
    assert_eq!(
        connections[1][0].body_json()["session"]["audio"]["output"]["voice"],
        "cove"
    );

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_rejects_voice_for_wrong_realtime_version() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V2;
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: Some(RealtimeVoice::Cove),
        }))
        .await?;

    let error = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::Error(message),
        }) => Some(message.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert!(error.contains("realtime voice `cove` is not supported for v2"));
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_uses_experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt_override() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let server = start_websocket_server(vec![
        vec![],
        vec![vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_override", "instructions": "prompt from config" }
        })]],
    ])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(|config| {
        config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("prompt from config".to_string());
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&server).await?;
    assert!(
        server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("prompt from op".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_override");

    let connections = server.connections();
    assert_eq!(connections.len(), 2);
    let overridden_instructions = websocket_request_instructions(&connections[1][0])
        .expect("overridden session instructions");
    assert!(overridden_instructions.starts_with("prompt from config"));

    server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_uses_experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context_override() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let startup_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![]]).await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![json!({
        "type": "session.updated",
        "session": { "id": "sess_custom_context", "instructions": "prompt from config" }
    })]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("prompt from config".to_string());
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context =
                Some("custom startup context".to_string());
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&startup_server).await?;
    seed_recent_thread(
        &test,
        "Recent work: cleaned up startup flows and reviewed websocket routing.",
        "Investigate realtime startup context",
        "custom-context",
    )
    .await?;
    fs::create_dir_all(test.workspace_path("docs"))?;
    fs::write(test.workspace_path("README.md"), "workspace marker")?;
    assert!(
        startup_server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("prompt from op".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let startup_context_request = wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        "startup context request with instructions",
        |request| websocket_request_instructions(request).is_some(),
    )
    .await;
    let instructions = websocket_request_instructions(&startup_context_request)
        .expect("custom startup context request should contain instructions");

    assert_eq!(instructions, "prompt from config\n\ncustom startup context");
    assert!(!instructions.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_HEADER));
    assert!(!instructions.contains("## Machine / Workspace Map"));

    startup_server.shutdown().await;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_disables_realtime_startup_context_with_empty_override() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let startup_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![]]).await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![json!({
        "type": "session.updated",
        "session": { "id": "sess_no_context", "instructions": "prompt from config" }
    })]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_backend_prompt = Some("prompt from config".to_string());
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context = Some(String::new());
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&startup_server).await?;
    seed_recent_thread(
        &test,
        "Recent work: cleaned up startup flows and reviewed websocket routing.",
        "Investigate realtime startup context",
        "no-context",
    )
    .await?;
    fs::create_dir_all(test.workspace_path("docs"))?;
    fs::write(test.workspace_path("README.md"), "workspace marker")?;
    assert!(
        startup_server
            .wait_for_handshakes(/*expected*/ 1, Duration::from_secs(2))
            .await
    );

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("prompt from op".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let startup_context_request = wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        "startup context disable request with instructions",
        |request| websocket_request_instructions(request).is_some(),
    )
    .await;
    let instructions = websocket_request_instructions(&startup_context_request)
        .expect("startup context disable request should contain instructions");

    assert_eq!(instructions, "prompt from config");
    assert!(!instructions.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_HEADER));
    assert!(!instructions.contains("## Machine / Workspace Map"));

    startup_server.shutdown().await;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_start_injects_startup_context_from_thread_history() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let startup_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![]]).await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![json!({
        "type": "session.updated",
        "session": { "id": "sess_context", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
    })]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&startup_server).await?;
    seed_recent_thread(
        &test,
        "Recent work: cleaned up startup flows and reviewed websocket routing.",
        "Investigate realtime startup context",
        "latest",
    )
    .await?;
    fs::create_dir_all(test.workspace_path("docs"))?;
    fs::write(test.workspace_path("README.md"), "workspace marker")?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let startup_context_request = wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        "startup context request with instructions",
        |request| websocket_request_instructions(request).is_some(),
    )
    .await;
    let startup_context = websocket_request_instructions(&startup_context_request)
        .expect("startup context request should contain instructions");

    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_OPEN_TAG));
    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_CLOSE_TAG));
    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_HEADER));
    assert!(!startup_context.contains("## User"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("### "));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("Recent sessions: 1"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("Latest branch: branch-latest"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("User asks:"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("Investigate realtime startup context"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("## Machine / Workspace Map"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("README.md"));
    assert!(!startup_context.contains(MEMORY_PROMPT_PHRASE));

    startup_server.shutdown().await;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_startup_context_current_thread_selects_many_turns_by_budget() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![json!({
        "type": "session.updated",
        "session": { "id": "sess_current_thread_budget", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
    })]]])
    .await;

    let latest_long_user_turn = format!(
        "latest-long-start {} latest-long-middle {} latest-long-end",
        "head detail ".repeat(120),
        "tail detail ".repeat(170),
    );
    let user_turns = (1..=7)
        .map(|index| {
            format!(
                "short-turn-{index}-start {} short-turn-{index}-end",
                "detail ".repeat(86)
            )
        })
        .chain([latest_long_user_turn.clone()]);

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    // Seed completed turns through a resumed thread so this remains an
    // end-to-end startup-context test without paying for a model turn per
    // fixture entry in platform CI.
    let history = user_turns
        .enumerate()
        .flat_map(|(index, user_turn)| {
            let turn_number = index + 1;
            let assistant_turn = format!("assistant turn {turn_number}");
            [
                RolloutItem::ResponseItem(ResponseItem::Message {
                    id: None,
                    role: "user".to_string(),
                    content: vec![ContentItem::InputText { text: user_turn }],
                    phase: None,
                    metadata: None,
                }),
                RolloutItem::ResponseItem(ResponseItem::Message {
                    id: None,
                    role: "assistant".to_string(),
                    content: vec![ContentItem::OutputText {
                        text: assistant_turn,
                    }],
                    phase: None,
                    metadata: None,
                }),
            ]
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    test.codex.shutdown_and_wait().await?;
    let resumed_thread = test
        .thread_manager
        .resume_thread_with_history(
            test.config.clone(),
            InitialHistory::Forked(history),
            auth_manager_from_auth(CodexAuth::from_api_key("dummy")),
            /*parent_trace*/ None,
            /*supports_openai_form_elicitation*/ false,
        )
        .await?;
    let codex = resumed_thread.thread;

    codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let startup_context_request = wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        "current thread budget startup context request with instructions",
        |request| websocket_request_instructions(request).is_some(),
    )
    .await;
    let startup_context = websocket_request_instructions(&startup_context_request)
        .expect("startup context request should contain instructions");

    // Isolate only the Current Thread section; the startup prompt may also include
    // workspace and notes sections after it.
    let current_thread_start = startup_context
        .find("## Current Thread")
        .expect("startup context should include current thread section");
    let current_thread_and_rest = &startup_context[current_thread_start..];
    let current_thread_end = [
        "\n## Recent Work",
        "\n## Machine / Workspace Map",
        "\n## Notes",
    ]
    .iter()
    .filter_map(|marker| current_thread_and_rest.find(marker))
    .min()
    .unwrap_or(current_thread_and_rest.len());
    let current_thread = &current_thread_and_rest[..current_thread_end];

    let rendered_turns = current_thread
        .split("\n### ")
        .skip(1)
        .map(|turn| format!("### {turn}"))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let over_budget_turns = rendered_turns
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|turn| {
            let token_count = turn.len().div_ceil(4);
            (token_count > 300).then(|| {
                (
                    turn.lines().next().unwrap_or_default().to_string(),
                    token_count,
                )
            })
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let latest_rendered_source =
        format!("### Latest turn\nUser:\n{latest_long_user_turn}\n\nAssistant:\nassistant turn 8");

    // Snapshot the actual section so turn order, oldest-first omission, and
    // start/end truncation behavior are reviewed together.
    let snapshot = format!(
        "latest_source_tokens: {}\nrendered_turn_count: {}\nover_budget_turns: {over_budget_turns:?}\n\n{current_thread}",
        latest_rendered_source.len().div_ceil(4),
        rendered_turns.len(),
    );
    insta::assert_snapshot!(
        "conversation_startup_context_current_thread_selects_many_turns_by_budget",
        snapshot
    );

    // The input includes a turn over 300 approximate tokens, and every rendered
    // turn still fits the per-turn cap after labels and truncation markers.
    assert_eq!(
        (
            latest_rendered_source.len().div_ceil(4) > 300,
            over_budget_turns,
        ),
        (true, Vec::<(String, usize)>::new()),
    );

    codex.shutdown_and_wait().await?;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_startup_context_falls_back_to_workspace_map() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let startup_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![]]).await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![json!({
        "type": "session.updated",
        "session": { "id": "sess_workspace", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
    })]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&startup_server).await?;
    fs::create_dir_all(test.workspace_path("codex-rs/core"))?;
    fs::write(test.workspace_path("notes.txt"), "workspace marker")?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let startup_context_request = wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        "workspace-map startup context request with instructions",
        |request| websocket_request_instructions(request).is_some(),
    )
    .await;
    let startup_context = websocket_request_instructions(&startup_context_request)
        .expect("startup context request should contain instructions");

    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_OPEN_TAG));
    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_CLOSE_TAG));
    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_HEADER));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("## Machine / Workspace Map"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("notes.txt"));
    assert!(startup_context.contains("codex-rs/"));

    startup_server.shutdown().await;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_startup_context_is_truncated_and_sent_once_per_start() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let startup_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![]]).await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![
        vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_truncated", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        })],
        vec![],
    ]])
    .await;

    let oversized_summary = "recent work ".repeat(3_500);
    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_websocket_server(&startup_server).await?;
    seed_recent_thread(&test, &oversized_summary, "summary", "oversized").await?;
    fs::write(test.workspace_path("marker.txt"), "marker")?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let startup_context_request = wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        "truncated startup context request with instructions",
        |request| websocket_request_instructions(request).is_some(),
    )
    .await;
    let startup_context = websocket_request_instructions(&startup_context_request)
        .expect("startup context request should contain instructions");
    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_OPEN_TAG));
    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_CLOSE_TAG));
    assert!(startup_context.contains(STARTUP_CONTEXT_HEADER));
    assert!(startup_context.len() <= 20_500);

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationText(ConversationTextParams {
            text: "hello".to_string(),
            role: ConversationTextRole::User,
        }))
        .await?;

    let explicit_text_request = wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
        &realtime_server,
        "explicit realtime text request",
        |request| websocket_request_text(request).as_deref() == Some("hello"),
    )
    .await;
    assert_eq!(
        websocket_request_text(&explicit_text_request),
        Some("hello".to_string())
    );

    startup_server.shutdown().await;
    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_user_text_turn_is_not_sent_to_realtime() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let response_mock = responses::mount_sse_once(
        &api_server,
        responses::sse(vec![
            responses::ev_response_created("resp_user_text"),
            responses::ev_completed("resp_user_text"),
        ]),
    )
    .await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![
        vec![json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_user_text", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        })],
        vec![],
    ]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_startup_context = Some(String::new());
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_user_text");

    let user_text = "typed follow-up for realtime";
    test.codex
        .submit(Op::UserInput {
            items: vec![UserInput::Text {
                text: user_text.to_string(),
                text_elements: Vec::new(),
            }],
            final_output_json_schema: None,
            responsesapi_client_metadata: None,
            additional_context: Default::default(),
            thread_settings: Default::default(),
        })
        .await?;

    let turn_complete = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |event| match event {
        EventMsg::TurnComplete(turn_complete) => Some(turn_complete.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(turn_complete.last_agent_message, None);

    let model_user_texts = response_mock.single_request().message_input_texts("user");
    assert!(model_user_texts.iter().any(|text| text == user_text));

    let realtime_connections = realtime_server.connections();
    assert_eq!(realtime_connections.len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(realtime_connections[0].len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(
        realtime_connections[0][0].body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("session.update")
    );

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn realtime_v2_noop_tool_call_returns_empty_function_output_without_response() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![
        vec![
            json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_silent", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.item.done",
                "item": {
                    "id": "item_silent",
                    "type": "function_call",
                    "name": "remain_silent",
                    "call_id": "call_silent",
                    "arguments": "{}"
                }
            }),
        ],
        vec![],
    ]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V2;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::NoopRequested(RealtimeNoopRequested { call_id, .. }),
        }) if call_id == "call_silent" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let function_output = realtime_server
        .wait_for_request(/*connection_index*/ 0, /*request_index*/ 1)
        .await;
    assert_eq!(
        function_output.body_json(),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.item.create",
            "item": {
                "type": "function_call_output",
                "call_id": "call_silent",
                "output": ""
            }
        })
    );

    let realtime_response_create = timeout(Duration::from_millis(200), async {
        wait_for_matching_websocket_request(
            &realtime_server,
            "unexpected realtime response request for noop tool call",
            |request| request.body_json()["type"].as_str() == Some("response.create"),
        )
        .await
    })
    .await;
    assert!(
        realtime_response_create.is_err(),
        "noop tool calls should not request a realtime response"
    );

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_mirrors_assistant_message_text_to_realtime_handoff() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let _response_mock = responses::mount_sse_once(
        &api_server,
        responses::sse(vec![
            responses::ev_response_created("resp_1"),
            responses::ev_assistant_message("msg_1", "assistant says hi"),
            responses::ev_completed("resp_1"),
        ]),
    )
    .await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![
        vec![
            json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_1", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
                "delta": "delegate hello"
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
                "handoff_id": "handoff_1",
                "item_id": "item_1",
                "input_transcript": "delegate hello"
            }),
        ],
        vec![],
    ]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_1");

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::HandoffRequested(handoff),
        }) if handoff.handoff_id == "handoff_1" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(2);
    while tokio::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
        let connections = realtime_server.connections();
        if connections.len() == 1 && connections[0].len() >= 2 {
            break;
        }
        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
    }

    let realtime_connections = realtime_server.connections();
    assert_eq!(realtime_connections.len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(realtime_connections[0].len(), 2);
    assert_eq!(
        realtime_connections[0][0].body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("session.update")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        realtime_connections[0][1].body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("conversation.handoff.append")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        realtime_connections[0][1].body_json()["handoff_id"].as_str(),
        Some("handoff_1")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        realtime_connections[0][1].body_json()["output_text"].as_str(),
        Some("\"Agent Final Message\":\n\nassistant says hi")
    );

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn conversation_handoff_persists_across_item_done_until_turn_complete() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let (gate_second_message_tx, gate_second_message_rx) = oneshot::channel();
    let mut commentary_message = responses::ev_assistant_message("msg-1", "assistant message 1");
    commentary_message["item"]["phase"] = json!("commentary");
    let mut final_message = responses::ev_assistant_message("msg-2", "assistant message 2");
    final_message["item"]["phase"] = json!("final_answer");
    let first_chunks = vec![
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_response_created("resp-1")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(commentary_message),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: Some(gate_second_message_rx),
            body: sse_event(final_message),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_completed("resp-1")),
        },
    ];
    let (api_server, completions) = start_streaming_sse_server(vec![first_chunks]).await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![
        vec![
            json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_item_done", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
                "delta": "delegate now"
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
                "handoff_id": "handoff_item_done",
                "item_id": "item_item_done",
                "input_transcript": "delegate now"
            }),
        ],
        vec![json!({
            "type": "conversation.item.done",
            "item": { "id": "item_item_done" }
        })],
        vec![],
    ]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_streaming_server(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: Some(SILENT_CONTEXT_PREFIX.to_string()),
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_item_done" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::HandoffRequested(handoff),
        }) if handoff.handoff_id == "handoff_item_done" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let first_append = realtime_server
        .wait_for_request(/*connection_index*/ 0, /*request_index*/ 1)
        .await;
    assert_eq!(
        first_append.body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("conversation.handoff.append")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        first_append.body_json()["handoff_id"].as_str(),
        Some("handoff_item_done")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        first_append.body_json()["output_text"].as_str(),
        Some(format!("{SILENT_CONTEXT_PREFIX}\n\nassistant message 1").as_str())
    );

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::ConversationItemDone { item_id },
        }) if item_id == "item_item_done" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let _ = gate_second_message_tx.send(());

    let second_append = realtime_server
        .wait_for_request(/*connection_index*/ 0, /*request_index*/ 2)
        .await;
    assert_eq!(
        second_append.body_json()["type"].as_str(),
        Some("conversation.handoff.append")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        second_append.body_json()["handoff_id"].as_str(),
        Some("handoff_item_done")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        second_append.body_json()["output_text"].as_str(),
        Some("assistant message 2")
    );

    let completion = completions
        .into_iter()
        .next()
        .expect("missing delegated turn completion");
    completion
        .await
        .expect("delegated turn request did not complete");
    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    api_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

fn sse_event(event: Value) -> String {
    responses::sse(vec![event])
}

fn message_input_texts(body: &Value, role: &str) -> Vec<String> {
    body.get("input")
        .and_then(Value::as_array)
        .into_iter()
        .flatten()
        .filter(|item| item.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("message"))
        .filter(|item| item.get("role").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some(role))
        .filter_map(|item| item.get("content").and_then(Value::as_array))
        .flatten()
        .filter(|span| span.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("input_text"))
        .filter_map(|span| span.get("text").and_then(Value::as_str).map(str::to_owned))
        .collect()
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn inbound_handoff_request_starts_turn() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let response_mock = responses::mount_sse_once(
        &api_server,
        responses::sse(vec![
            responses::ev_response_created("resp-1"),
            responses::ev_assistant_message("msg-1", "ok"),
            responses::ev_completed("resp-1"),
        ]),
    )
    .await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![
        json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_inbound", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
            "delta": "text from realtime"
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
            "handoff_id": "handoff_inbound",
            "item_id": "item_inbound",
            "input_transcript": "text from realtime"
        }),
    ]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let session_updated = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    assert_eq!(session_updated, "sess_inbound");

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::HandoffRequested(handoff),
        }) if handoff.handoff_id == "handoff_inbound"
            && handoff.input_transcript == "text from realtime" =>
        {
            Some(())
        }
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let turn_id = loop {
        let event = test.codex.next_event().await?;
        if let EventMsg::TurnStarted(turn_started) = event.msg {
            break turn_started.turn_id;
        }
    };
    Uuid::parse_str(&turn_id).context("realtime-routed turn ID should be a UUID")?;

    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    let request = response_mock.single_request();
    let user_texts = request.message_input_texts("user");
    assert!(user_texts.iter().any(|text| text
        == "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>text from realtime</input>\n  <transcript_delta>user: text from realtime</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>"));

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn inbound_handoff_request_uses_active_transcript() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let response_mock = responses::mount_sse_once(
        &api_server,
        responses::sse(vec![
            responses::ev_response_created("resp-1"),
            responses::ev_assistant_message("msg-1", "ok"),
            responses::ev_completed("resp-1"),
        ]),
    )
    .await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![
        json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_inbound_multi", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.output_transcript.delta",
            "delta": "assistant context"
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
            "delta": "delegated query"
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.output_transcript.delta",
            "delta": "assist confirm"
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
            "handoff_id": "handoff_inbound_multi",
            "item_id": "item_inbound_multi",
            "input_transcript": "ignored"
        }),
    ]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    let request = response_mock.single_request();
    let user_texts = request.message_input_texts("user");
    assert!(user_texts.iter().any(|text| text
        == "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>ignored</input>\n  <transcript_delta>assistant: assistant context\nuser: delegated query\nassistant: assist confirm\nuser: ignored</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>"));

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn inbound_handoff_request_sends_transcript_delta_after_each_handoff() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;
    let response_mock = responses::mount_sse_sequence(
        &api_server,
        vec![
            responses::sse(vec![
                responses::ev_response_created("resp-1"),
                responses::ev_assistant_message("msg-1", "first ok"),
                responses::ev_completed("resp-1"),
            ]),
            responses::sse(vec![
                responses::ev_response_created("resp-2"),
                responses::ev_assistant_message("msg-2", "second ok"),
                responses::ev_completed("resp-2"),
            ]),
        ],
    )
    .await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![
        vec![
            json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_inbound_clear", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
                "delta": "first question"
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
                "handoff_id": "handoff_inbound_clear_1",
                "item_id": "item_inbound_clear_1",
                "input_transcript": "first question"
            }),
        ],
        vec![],
        vec![
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
                "delta": "second question"
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
                "handoff_id": "handoff_inbound_clear_2",
                "item_id": "item_inbound_clear_2",
                "input_transcript": "second question"
            }),
        ],
    ]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) => Some(session_id.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationAudio(ConversationAudioParams {
            frame: RealtimeAudioFrame {
                data: "AQID".to_string(),
                sample_rate: 24000,
                num_channels: 1,
                samples_per_channel: Some(480),
                item_id: None,
            },
        }))
        .await?;

    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    let requests = response_mock.requests();
    assert_eq!(requests.len(), 2);

    let first_user_texts = requests[0].message_input_texts("user");
    assert!(first_user_texts.iter().any(|text| text
        == "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>first question</input>\n  <transcript_delta>user: first question</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>"));

    let second_user_texts = requests[1].message_input_texts("user");
    assert!(second_user_texts.iter().any(|text| text
        == "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>second question</input>\n  <transcript_delta>user: second question</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>"));
    assert!(!second_user_texts.iter().any(|text| text
        == "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>second question</input>\n  <transcript_delta>user: first question\nuser: second question</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>"));

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn inbound_conversation_item_does_not_start_turn_and_still_forwards_audio() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let api_server = start_mock_server().await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![
        json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_ignore_item", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.item.added",
            "item": {
                "type": "message",
                "role": "user",
                "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "echoed local text"}]
            }
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.output_audio.delta",
            "delta": "AQID",
            "sample_rate": 24000,
            "channels": 1
        }),
    ]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_ignore_item" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let audio_out = tokio::time::timeout(
        Duration::from_millis(500),
        wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
                payload: RealtimeEvent::AudioOut(frame),
            }) => Some(frame.clone()),
            _ => None,
        }),
    )
    .await
    .expect("timed out waiting for realtime audio after conversation item");
    assert_eq!(audio_out.data, "AQID");

    let unexpected_turn_started = tokio::time::timeout(
        Duration::from_millis(200),
        wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::TurnStarted(_) => Some(()),
            _ => None,
        }),
    )
    .await;
    assert!(unexpected_turn_started.is_err());

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn delegated_turn_user_role_echo_does_not_redelegate_and_still_forwards_audio() -> Result<()>
{
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));
    let start = std::time::Instant::now();

    let (gate_completed_tx, gate_completed_rx) = oneshot::channel();
    let first_chunks = vec![
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_response_created("resp-1")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_assistant_message(
                "msg-1",
                "assistant says hi",
            )),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: Some(gate_completed_rx),
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_completed("resp-1")),
        },
    ];
    let (api_server, completions) = start_streaming_sse_server(vec![first_chunks]).await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![
        vec![
            json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_echo_guard", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
                "delta": "delegate now"
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
                "handoff_id": "handoff_echo_guard",
                "item_id": "item_echo_guard",
                "input_transcript": "delegate now"
            }),
        ],
        vec![
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.item.added",
                "item": {
                    "type": "message",
                    "role": "user",
                    "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "assistant says hi"}]
                }
            }),
            json!({
                "type": "conversation.output_audio.delta",
                "delta": "AQID",
                "sample_rate": 24000,
                "channels": 1
            }),
        ],
    ]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_model("gpt-5.4").with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_streaming_server(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_echo_guard" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::HandoffRequested(handoff),
        }) if handoff.input_transcript == "delegate now" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    eprintln!(
        "[realtime test +{}ms] saw trigger text={:?}",
        start.elapsed().as_millis(),
        "delegate now"
    );

    let mirrored_request = realtime_server
        .wait_for_request(/*connection_index*/ 0, /*request_index*/ 1)
        .await;
    let mirrored_request_body = mirrored_request.body_json();
    eprintln!(
        "[realtime test +{}ms] saw mirrored request type={:?} handoff_id={:?} text={:?}",
        start.elapsed().as_millis(),
        mirrored_request_body["type"].as_str(),
        mirrored_request_body["handoff_id"].as_str(),
        mirrored_request_body["output_text"].as_str(),
    );
    assert_eq!(
        mirrored_request_body["type"].as_str(),
        Some("conversation.handoff.append")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        mirrored_request_body["handoff_id"].as_str(),
        Some("handoff_echo_guard")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        mirrored_request_body["output_text"].as_str(),
        Some("\"Agent Final Message\":\n\nassistant says hi")
    );

    let audio_out = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::AudioOut(frame),
        }) => Some(frame.clone()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;
    eprintln!(
        "[realtime test +{}ms] saw audio out data={} sample_rate={} num_channels={}",
        start.elapsed().as_millis(),
        audio_out.data,
        audio_out.sample_rate,
        audio_out.num_channels
    );
    assert_eq!(audio_out.data, "AQID");

    let completion = completions
        .into_iter()
        .next()
        .expect("missing delegated turn completion");
    let _ = gate_completed_tx.send(());
    completion
        .await
        .expect("delegated turn request did not complete");
    eprintln!(
        "[realtime test +{}ms] delegated completion resolved",
        start.elapsed().as_millis()
    );
    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    let requests = api_server.requests().await;
    assert_eq!(requests.len(), 1);

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    api_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn inbound_handoff_request_does_not_block_realtime_event_forwarding() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let (gate_completed_tx, gate_completed_rx) = oneshot::channel();
    let first_chunks = vec![
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_response_created("resp-1")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: Some(gate_completed_rx),
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_completed("resp-1")),
        },
    ];
    let (api_server, completions) = start_streaming_sse_server(vec![first_chunks]).await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![
        json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_non_blocking", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
            "delta": "delegate now"
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
            "handoff_id": "handoff_non_blocking",
            "item_id": "item_non_blocking",
            "input_transcript": "delegate now"
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.output_audio.delta",
            "delta": "AQID",
            "sample_rate": 24000,
            "channels": 1
        }),
    ]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_model("gpt-5.4").with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_streaming_server(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_non_blocking" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::HandoffRequested(handoff),
        }) if handoff.input_transcript == "delegate now" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let audio_out = tokio::time::timeout(
        Duration::from_millis(500),
        wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
                payload: RealtimeEvent::AudioOut(frame),
            }) => Some(frame.clone()),
            _ => None,
        }),
    )
    .await
    .expect("timed out waiting for realtime audio while delegated turn was still pending");
    assert_eq!(audio_out.data, "AQID");

    let completion = completions
        .into_iter()
        .next()
        .expect("missing delegated turn completion");
    let _ = gate_completed_tx.send(());
    completion
        .await
        .expect("delegated turn request did not complete");
    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    api_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn inbound_handoff_request_steers_active_turn() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let (gate_completed_tx, gate_completed_rx) = oneshot::channel();
    let first_chunks = vec![
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_response_created("resp-1")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_message_item_added("msg-1", "")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_output_text_delta("first ")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_output_text_delta("turn")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_assistant_message("msg-1", "first turn")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: Some(gate_completed_rx),
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_completed("resp-1")),
        },
    ];
    let second_chunks = vec![
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_response_created("resp-2")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_completed("resp-2")),
        },
    ];
    let (api_server, completions) =
        start_streaming_sse_server(vec![first_chunks, second_chunks]).await;

    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server_with_headers(vec![WebSocketConnectionConfig {
        requests: vec![
            vec![json!({
                "type": "session.updated",
                "session": { "id": "sess_steer", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
            })],
            vec![
                json!({
                    "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
                    "delta": "steer via realtime"
                }),
                json!({
                    "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
                    "handoff_id": "handoff_steer",
                    "item_id": "item_steer",
                    "input_transcript": "steer via realtime"
                }),
            ],
        ],
        response_headers: Vec::new(),
        accept_delay: None,
        close_after_requests: false,
    }])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_model("gpt-5.4").with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_streaming_server(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;
    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_steer" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::UserInput {
            items: vec![UserInput::Text {
                text: "first prompt".to_string(),
                text_elements: Vec::new(),
            }],
            final_output_json_schema: None,
            responsesapi_client_metadata: None,
            additional_context: Default::default(),
            thread_settings: Default::default(),
        })
        .await?;

    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::AgentMessageContentDelta(_))
    })
    .await;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationAudio(ConversationAudioParams {
            frame: RealtimeAudioFrame {
                data: "AQID".to_string(),
                sample_rate: 24000,
                num_channels: 1,
                samples_per_channel: Some(480),
                item_id: None,
            },
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::HandoffRequested(handoff),
        }) if handoff.input_transcript == "steer via realtime" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let mut completion_iter = completions.into_iter();
    let first_completion = completion_iter.next().expect("missing first completion");
    let second_completion = completion_iter.next().expect("missing second completion");

    let _ = gate_completed_tx.send(());
    first_completion
        .await
        .expect("first request did not complete");
    second_completion
        .await
        .expect("second request did not complete");
    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    let requests = api_server.requests().await;
    assert_eq!(requests.len(), 2);

    let first_body: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&requests[0]).expect("parse first request");
    let second_body: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&requests[1]).expect("parse second request");
    let first_texts = message_input_texts(&first_body, "user");
    let second_texts = message_input_texts(&second_body, "user");

    assert!(first_texts.iter().any(|text| text == "first prompt"));
    assert!(
        !first_texts
            .iter()
            .any(|text| text
                == "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>steer via realtime</input>\n  <transcript_delta>user: steer via realtime</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>")
    );
    assert!(second_texts.iter().any(|text| text == "first prompt"));
    assert!(second_texts.iter().any(|text| text
        == "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>steer via realtime</input>\n  <transcript_delta>user: steer via realtime</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>"));

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    api_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
async fn inbound_handoff_request_starts_turn_and_does_not_block_realtime_audio() -> Result<()> {
    skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));

    let (gate_completed_tx, gate_completed_rx) = oneshot::channel();
    let first_chunks = vec![
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: None,
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_response_created("resp-1")),
        },
        StreamingSseChunk {
            gate: Some(gate_completed_rx),
            body: sse_event(responses::ev_completed("resp-1")),
        },
    ];
    let (api_server, completions) = start_streaming_sse_server(vec![first_chunks]).await;

    let delegated_text = "delegate from handoff request";
    let realtime_server = start_websocket_server(vec![vec![vec![
        json!({
            "type": "session.updated",
            "session": { "id": "sess_handoff_request", "instructions": "backend prompt" }
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.input_transcript.delta",
            "delta": delegated_text
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.handoff.requested",
            "handoff_id": "handoff_audio",
            "item_id": "item_audio",
            "input_transcript": delegated_text
        }),
        json!({
            "type": "conversation.output_audio.delta",
            "delta": "AQID",
            "sample_rate": 24000,
            "channels": 1
        }),
    ]]])
    .await;

    let mut builder = test_codex().with_model("gpt-5.4").with_config({
        let realtime_base_url = realtime_server.uri().to_string();
        move |config| {
            config.experimental_realtime_ws_base_url = Some(realtime_base_url);
            config.realtime.version = RealtimeWsVersion::V1;
        }
    });
    let test = builder.build_with_streaming_server(&api_server).await?;

    test.codex
        .submit(Op::RealtimeConversationStart(ConversationStartParams {
            client_managed_handoffs: false,
            codex_responses_as_items: false,
            codex_response_item_prefix: None,
            codex_response_handoff_prefix: None,
            model: None,
            output_modality: RealtimeOutputModality::Audio,
            include_startup_context: true,
            prompt: Some(Some("backend prompt".to_string())),
            realtime_session_id: None,
            transport: None,
            version: None,
            voice: None,
        }))
        .await?;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload:
                RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
                    realtime_session_id: session_id,
                    ..
                },
        }) if session_id == "sess_handoff_request" => Some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let _ = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
        EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
            payload: RealtimeEvent::HandoffRequested(handoff),
        }) => (handoff.handoff_id == "handoff_audio" && handoff.input_transcript == delegated_text)
            .then_some(()),
        _ => None,
    })
    .await;

    let audio_out = tokio::time::timeout(
        Duration::from_millis(500),
        wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |msg| match msg {
            EventMsg::RealtimeConversationRealtime(RealtimeConversationRealtimeEvent {
                payload: RealtimeEvent::AudioOut(frame),
            }) => Some(frame.clone()),
            _ => None,
        }),
    )
    .await
    .expect("timed out waiting for realtime audio after handoff request");
    assert_eq!(audio_out.data, "AQID");

    let completion = completions
        .into_iter()
        .next()
        .expect("missing delegated turn completion");
    let _ = gate_completed_tx.send(());
    completion
        .await
        .expect("delegated turn request did not complete");
    wait_for_event(&test.codex, |event| {
        matches!(event, EventMsg::TurnComplete(_))
    })
    .await;

    let requests = api_server.requests().await;
    assert_eq!(requests.len(), 1);
    let first_body: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&requests[0]).expect("parse first request");
    let first_texts = message_input_texts(&first_body, "user");
    let expected_text = format!(
        "<realtime_delegation>\n  <input>{delegated_text}</input>\n  <transcript_delta>user: {delegated_text}</transcript_delta>\n</realtime_delegation>"
    );
    assert!(first_texts.iter().any(|text| text == &expected_text));

    realtime_server.shutdown().await;
    api_server.shutdown().await;
    Ok(())
}