Commit Graph

42 Commits

  • feat: make sandbox read access configurable with ReadOnlyAccess (#11387)
    `SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly` previously implied broad read access and could
    not express a narrower read surface.
    This change introduces an explicit read-access model so we can support
    user-configurable read restrictions in follow-up work, while preserving
    current behavior today.
    
    It also ensures unsupported backends fail closed for restricted-read
    policies instead of silently granting broader access than intended.
    
    ## What
    
    - Added `ReadOnlyAccess` in protocol with:
      - `Restricted { include_platform_defaults, readable_roots }`
      - `FullAccess`
    - Updated `SandboxPolicy` to carry read-access configuration:
      - `ReadOnly { access: ReadOnlyAccess }`
      - `WorkspaceWrite { ..., read_only_access: ReadOnlyAccess }`
    - Preserved existing behavior by defaulting current construction paths
    to `ReadOnlyAccess::FullAccess`.
    - Threaded the new fields through sandbox policy consumers and call
    sites across `core`, `tui`, `linux-sandbox`, `windows-sandbox`, and
    related tests.
    - Updated Seatbelt policy generation to honor restricted read roots by
    emitting scoped read rules when full read access is not granted.
    - Added fail-closed behavior on Linux and Windows backends when
    restricted read access is requested but not yet implemented there
    (`UnsupportedOperation`).
    - Regenerated app-server protocol schema and TypeScript artifacts,
    including `ReadOnlyAccess`.
    
    ## Compatibility / rollout
    
    - Runtime behavior remains unchanged by default (`FullAccess`).
    - API/schema changes are in place so future config wiring can enable
    restricted read access without another policy-shape migration.
  • feat(sandbox): enforce proxy-aware network routing in sandbox (#11113)
    ## Summary
    - expand proxy env injection to cover common tool env vars
    (`HTTP_PROXY`/`HTTPS_PROXY`/`ALL_PROXY`/`NO_PROXY` families +
    tool-specific variants)
    - harden macOS Seatbelt network policy generation to route through
    inferred loopback proxy endpoints and fail closed when proxy env is
    malformed
    - thread proxy-aware Linux sandbox flags and add minimal bwrap netns
    isolation hook for restricted non-proxy runs
    - add/refresh tests for proxy env wiring, Seatbelt policy generation,
    and Linux sandbox argument wiring
  • Handle required MCP startup failures across components (#10902)
    Summary
    - add a `required` flag for MCP servers everywhere config/CLI data is
    touched so mandatory helpers can be round-tripped
    - have `codex exec` and `codex app-server` thread start/resume fail fast
    when required MCPs fail to initialize
  • feat(linux-sandbox): add bwrap support (#9938)
    ## Summary
    This PR introduces a gated Bubblewrap (bwrap) Linux sandbox path. The
    curent Linux sandbox path relies on in-process restrictions (including
    Landlock). Bubblewrap gives us a more uniform filesystem isolation
    model, especially explicit writable roots with the option to make some
    directories read-only and granular network controls.
    
    This is behind a feature flag so we can validate behavior safely before
    making it the default.
    
    - Added temporary rollout flag:
      - `features.use_linux_sandbox_bwrap`
    - Preserved existing default path when the flag is off.
    - In Bubblewrap mode:
    - Added internal retry without /proc when /proc mount is not permitted
    by the host/container.
  • [bazel] Improve runfiles handling (#10098)
    we can't use runfiles directory on Windows due to path lengths, so swap
    to manifest strategy. Parsing the manifest is a bit complex and the
    format is changing in Bazel upstream, so pull in the official Rust
    library (via a small hack to make it importable...) and cleanup all the
    associated logic to work cleanly in both bazel and cargo without extra
    confusion
  • Fix flakey resume test (#9789)
    Sessions' `updated_at` times are truncated to seconds, with the UUID
    session ID used to break ties. If the two test sessions are created in
    the same second, AND the session B UUID < session A UUID, the test
    fails.
    
    Fix this by mutating the session mtimes, from which we derive the
    updated_at time, to ensure session B is updated_at later than session A.
  • Made codex exec resume --last consistent with codex resume --last (#9352)
    PR #9245 made `codex resume --last` honor cwd, but I forgot to make the
    same change for `codex exec resume --last`. This PR fixes the
    inconsistency.
    
    This addresses #8700
  • feat: introduce find_resource! macro that works with Cargo or Bazel (#8879)
    To support Bazelification in https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/8875,
    this PR introduces a new `find_resource!` macro that we use in place of
    our existing logic in tests that looks for resources relative to the
    compile-time `CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR` env var.
    
    To make this work, we plan to add the following to all `rust_library()`
    and `rust_test()` Bazel rules in the project:
    
    ```
    rustc_env = {
        "BAZEL_PACKAGE": native.package_name(),
    },
    ```
    
    Our new `find_resource!` macro reads this value via
    `option_env!("BAZEL_PACKAGE")` so that the Bazel package _of the code
    using `find_resource!`_ is injected into the code expanded from the
    macro. (If `find_resource()` were a function, then
    `option_env!("BAZEL_PACKAGE")` would always be
    `codex-rs/utils/cargo-bin`, which is not what we want.)
    
    Note we only consider the `BAZEL_PACKAGE` value when the `RUNFILES_DIR`
    environment variable is set at runtime, indicating that the test is
    being run by Bazel. In this case, we have to concatenate the runtime
    `RUNFILES_DIR` with the compile-time `BAZEL_PACKAGE` value to build the
    path to the resource.
    
    In testing this change, I discovered one funky edge case in
    `codex-rs/exec-server/tests/common/lib.rs` where we have to _normalize_
    (but not canonicalize!) the result from `find_resource!` because the
    path contains a `common/..` component that does not exist on disk when
    the test is run under Bazel, so it must be semantically normalized using
    the [`path-absolutize`](https://crates.io/crates/path-absolutize) crate
    before it is passed to `dotslash fetch`.
    
    Because this new behavior may be non-obvious, this PR also updates
    `AGENTS.md` to make humans/Codex aware that this API is preferred.
  • Allow global exec flags after resume and fix CI codex build/timeout (#8440)
    **Motivation**
    - Bring `codex exec resume` to parity with top‑level flags so global
    options (git check bypass, json, model, sandbox toggles) work after the
    subcommand, including when outside a git repo.
    
    **Description**
    - Exec CLI: mark `--skip-git-repo-check`, `--json`, `--model`,
    `--full-auto`, and `--dangerously-bypass-approvals-and-sandbox` as
    global so they’re accepted after `resume`.
    - Tests: add `exec_resume_accepts_global_flags_after_subcommand` to
    verify those flags work when passed after `resume`.
    
    **Testing**
    - `just fmt`
    - `cargo test -p codex-exec` (pass; ran with elevated perms to allow
    network/port binds)
    - Manual: exercised `codex exec resume` with global flags after the
    subcommand to confirm behavior.
  • feat: introduce codex-utils-cargo-bin as an alternative to assert_cmd::Command (#8496)
    This PR introduces a `codex-utils-cargo-bin` utility crate that
    wraps/replaces our use of `assert_cmd::Command` and
    `escargot::CargoBuild`.
    
    As you can infer from the introduction of `buck_project_root()` in this
    PR, I am attempting to make it possible to build Codex under
    [Buck2](https://buck2.build) as well as `cargo`. With Buck2, I hope to
    achieve faster incremental local builds (largely due to Buck2's
    [dice](https://buck2.build/docs/insights_and_knowledge/modern_dice/)
    build strategy, as well as benefits from its local build daemon) as well
    as faster CI builds if we invest in remote execution and caching.
    
    See
    https://buck2.build/docs/getting_started/what_is_buck2/#why-use-buck2-key-advantages
    for more details about the performance advantages of Buck2.
    
    Buck2 enforces stronger requirements in terms of build and test
    isolation. It discourages assumptions about absolute paths (which is key
    to enabling remote execution). Because the `CARGO_BIN_EXE_*` environment
    variables that Cargo provides are absolute paths (which
    `assert_cmd::Command` reads), this is a problem for Buck2, which is why
    we need this `codex-utils-cargo-bin` utility.
    
    My WIP-Buck2 setup sets the `CARGO_BIN_EXE_*` environment variables
    passed to a `rust_test()` build rule as relative paths.
    `codex-utils-cargo-bin` will resolve these values to absolute paths,
    when necessary.
    
    
    ---
    [//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
    Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
    with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/openai/codex/pull/8496).
    * #8498
    * __->__ #8496
  • feat: change ConfigLayerName into a disjoint union rather than a simple enum (#8095)
    This attempts to tighten up the types related to "config layers."
    Currently, `ConfigLayerEntry` is defined as follows:
    
    
    https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/bef36f4ae765f471d7cd69372fcf1b92c8f0367a/codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/state.rs#L19-L25
    
    but the `source` field is a bit of a lie, as:
    
    - for `ConfigLayerName::Mdm`, it is
    `"com.openai.codex/config_toml_base64"`
    - for `ConfigLayerName::SessionFlags`, it is `"--config"`
    - for `ConfigLayerName::User`, it is `"config.toml"` (just the file
    name, not the path to the `config.toml` on disk that was read)
    - for `ConfigLayerName::System`, it seems like it is usually
    `/etc/codex/managed_config.toml` in practice, though on Windows, it is
    `%CODEX_HOME%/managed_config.toml`:
    
    
    https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/bef36f4ae765f471d7cd69372fcf1b92c8f0367a/codex-rs/core/src/config_loader/layer_io.rs#L84-L101
    
    All that is to say, in three out of the four `ConfigLayerName`, `source`
    is a `PathBuf` that is not an absolute path (or even a true path).
    
    This PR tries to uplevel things by eliminating `source` from
    `ConfigLayerEntry` and turning `ConfigLayerName` into a disjoint union
    named `ConfigLayerSource` that has the appropriate metadata for each
    variant, favoring the use of `AbsolutePathBuf` where appropriate:
    
    ```rust
    pub enum ConfigLayerSource {
        /// Managed preferences layer delivered by MDM (macOS only).
        #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
        #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
        Mdm { domain: String, key: String },
        /// Managed config layer from a file (usually `managed_config.toml`).
        #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
        #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
        System { file: AbsolutePathBuf },
        /// Session-layer overrides supplied via `-c`/`--config`.
        SessionFlags,
        /// User config layer from a file (usually `config.toml`).
        #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
        #[ts(rename_all = "camelCase")]
        User { file: AbsolutePathBuf },
    }
    ```
  • fix: introduce AbsolutePathBuf as part of sandbox config (#7856)
    Changes the `writable_roots` field of the `WorkspaceWrite` variant of
    the `SandboxPolicy` enum from `Vec<PathBuf>` to `Vec<AbsolutePathBuf>`.
    This is helpful because now callers can be sure the value is an absolute
    path rather than a relative one. (Though when using an absolute path in
    a Seatbelt config policy, we still have to _canonicalize_ it first.)
    
    Because `writable_roots` can be read from a config file, it is important
    that we are able to resolve relative paths properly using the parent
    folder of the config file as the base path.
  • seatbelt: allow openpty() (#7507)
    This allows `openpty(3)` to run in the default sandbox. Also permit
    reading `kern.argmax`, which is the maximum number of arguments to
    exec().
  • codex-exec: allow resume --last to read prompt #6717 (#6719)
    ### Description
    
    - codex exec --json resume --last "<prompt>" bailed out because clap
    treated the prompt as SESSION_ID. I removed the conflicts_with flag and
    reinterpret that positional as a prompt when
    --last is set, so the flow now keeps working in JSON mode.
    (codex-rs/exec/src/cli.rs:84-104, codex-rs/exec/src/lib.rs:75-130)
    - Added a regression test that exercises resume --last in JSON mode to
    ensure the prompt is accepted and the rollout file is updated.
    (codex-rs/exec/tests/suite/resume.rs:126-178)
    
    ### Testing
    
      - just fmt
      - cargo test -p codex-exec
      - just fix -p codex-exec
      - cargo test -p codex-exec
    
    #6717
    
    Signed-off-by: Dmitri Khokhlov <dkhokhlov@cribl.io>
  • Update defaults to gpt-5.1 (#6652)
    ## Summary
    - update documentation, example configs, and automation defaults to
    reference gpt-5.1 / gpt-5.1-codex
    - bump the CLI and core configuration defaults, model presets, and error
    messaging to the new models while keeping the model-family/tool coverage
    for legacy slugs
    - refresh tests, fixtures, and TUI snapshots so they expect the upgraded
    defaults
    
    ## Testing
    - `cargo test -p codex-core
    config::tests::test_precedence_fixture_with_gpt5_profile`
    
    
    ------
    [Codex
    Task](https://chatgpt.com/codex/tasks/task_i_6916c5b3c2b08321ace04ee38604fc6b)
  • feat: Add support for --add-dir to exec and TypeScript SDK (#6565)
    ## Summary
    
    Adds support for specifying additional directories in the TypeScript SDK
    through a new `additionalDirectories` option in `ThreadOptions`.
    
    ## Changes
    
    - Added `additionalDirectories` parameter to `ThreadOptions` interface
    - Updated `CodexExec` to accept and pass through additional directories
    via the `--config` flag for `sandbox_workspace_write.writable_roots`
    - Added comprehensive test coverage for the new functionality
    
    ## Test plan
    
    - Added test case that verifies `additionalDirectories` is correctly
    passed as repeated flags
    - Existing tests continue to pass
    
    ---------
    
    Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
  • feat(tui): clarify Windows auto mode requirements (#5568)
    ## Summary
    - Coerce Windows `workspace-write` configs back to read-only, surface
    the forced downgrade in the approvals popup,
      and funnel users toward WSL or Full Access.
    - Add WSL installation instructions to the Auto preset on Windows while
    keeping the preset available for other
      platforms.
    - Skip the trust-on-first-run prompt on native Windows so new folders
    remain read-only without additional
      confirmation.
    - Expose a structured sandbox policy resolution from config to flag
    Windows downgrades and adjust tests (core,
    exec, TUI) to reflect the new behavior; provide a Windows-only approvals
    snapshot.
    
      ## Testing
      - cargo fmt
    - cargo test -p codex-core
    config::tests::add_dir_override_extends_workspace_writable_roots
    - cargo test -p codex-exec
    suite::resume::exec_resume_preserves_cli_configuration_overrides
    - cargo test -p codex-tui
    chatwidget::tests::approvals_selection_popup_snapshot
    - cargo test -p codex-tui
    approvals_popup_includes_wsl_note_for_auto_mode
      - cargo test -p codex-tui windows_skips_trust_prompt
      - just fix -p codex-core
      - just fix -p codex-tui
  • chore: drop approve all (#5503)
    Not needed anymore
  • Set codex SDK TypeScript originator (#4894)
    ## Summary
    - ensure the TypeScript SDK sets CODEX_INTERNAL_ORIGINATOR_OVERRIDE to
    codex_sdk_ts when spawning the Codex CLI
    - extend the responses proxy test helper to capture request headers for
    assertions
    - add coverage that verifies Codex threads launched from the TypeScript
    SDK send the codex_sdk_ts originator header
    
    ## Testing
    - Not Run (not requested)
    
    
    ------
    https://chatgpt.com/codex/tasks/task_i_68e561b125248320a487f129093d16e7
  • Simplify request body assertions (#4845)
    We'll have a lot more test like these
  • Use response helpers when mounting SSE test responses (#4783)
    ## Summary
    - replace manual wiremock SSE mounts in the compact suite with the
    shared response helpers
    - simplify the exec auth_env integration test by using the
    mount_sse_once_match helper
    - rely on mount_sse_sequence plus server request collection to replace
    the bespoke SeqResponder utility in tests
    
    ## Testing
    - just fmt
    
    ------
    https://chatgpt.com/codex/tasks/task_i_68e2e238f2a88320a337f0b9e4098093
  • Add helper for response created SSE events in tests (#4758)
    ## Summary
    - add a reusable `ev_response_created` helper that builds
    `response.created` SSE events for integration tests
    - update the exec and core integration suites to use the new helper
    instead of repeating manual JSON literals
    - keep the streaming fixtures consistent by relying on the shared helper
    in every touched test
    
    ## Testing
    - `just fmt`
    
    
    ------
    https://chatgpt.com/codex/tasks/task_i_68e1fe885bb883208aafffb94218da61
  • feat: codex exec writes only the final message to stdout (#4644)
    This updates `codex exec` so that, by default, most of the agent's
    activity is written to stderr so that only the final agent message is
    written to stdout. This makes it easier to pipe `codex exec` into
    another tool without extra filtering.
    
    I introduced `#![deny(clippy::print_stdout)]` to help enforce this
    change and renamed the `ts_println!()` macro to `ts_msg()` because (1)
    it no longer calls `println!()` and (2), `ts_eprintln!()` seemed too
    long of a name.
    
    While here, this also adds `-o` as an alias for `--output-last-message`.
    
    Fixes https://github.com/openai/codex/issues/1670
  • Support CODEX_API_KEY for codex exec (#4615)
    Allows to set API key per invocation of `codex exec`
  • OpenTelemetry events (#2103)
    ### Title
    
    ## otel
    
    Codex can emit [OpenTelemetry](https://opentelemetry.io/) **log events**
    that
    describe each run: outbound API requests, streamed responses, user
    input,
    tool-approval decisions, and the result of every tool invocation. Export
    is
    **disabled by default** so local runs remain self-contained. Opt in by
    adding an
    `[otel]` table and choosing an exporter.
    
    ```toml
    [otel]
    environment = "staging"   # defaults to "dev"
    exporter = "none"          # defaults to "none"; set to otlp-http or otlp-grpc to send events
    log_user_prompt = false    # defaults to false; redact prompt text unless explicitly enabled
    ```
    
    Codex tags every exported event with `service.name = "codex-cli"`, the
    CLI
    version, and an `env` attribute so downstream collectors can distinguish
    dev/staging/prod traffic. Only telemetry produced inside the
    `codex_otel`
    crate—the events listed below—is forwarded to the exporter.
    
    ### Event catalog
    
    Every event shares a common set of metadata fields: `event.timestamp`,
    `conversation.id`, `app.version`, `auth_mode` (when available),
    `user.account_id` (when available), `terminal.type`, `model`, and
    `slug`.
    
    With OTEL enabled Codex emits the following event types (in addition to
    the
    metadata above):
    
    - `codex.api_request`
      - `cf_ray` (optional)
      - `attempt`
      - `duration_ms`
      - `http.response.status_code` (optional)
      - `error.message` (failures)
    - `codex.sse_event`
      - `event.kind`
      - `duration_ms`
      - `error.message` (failures)
      - `input_token_count` (completion only)
      - `output_token_count` (completion only)
      - `cached_token_count` (completion only, optional)
      - `reasoning_token_count` (completion only, optional)
      - `tool_token_count` (completion only)
    - `codex.user_prompt`
      - `prompt_length`
      - `prompt` (redacted unless `log_user_prompt = true`)
    - `codex.tool_decision`
      - `tool_name`
      - `call_id`
    - `decision` (`approved`, `approved_for_session`, `denied`, or `abort`)
      - `source` (`config` or `user`)
    - `codex.tool_result`
      - `tool_name`
      - `call_id`
      - `arguments`
      - `duration_ms` (execution time for the tool)
      - `success` (`"true"` or `"false"`)
      - `output`
    
    ### Choosing an exporter
    
    Set `otel.exporter` to control where events go:
    
    - `none` – leaves instrumentation active but skips exporting. This is
    the
      default.
    - `otlp-http` – posts OTLP log records to an OTLP/HTTP collector.
    Specify the
      endpoint, protocol, and headers your collector expects:
    
      ```toml
      [otel]
      exporter = { otlp-http = {
        endpoint = "https://otel.example.com/v1/logs",
        protocol = "binary",
        headers = { "x-otlp-api-key" = "${OTLP_TOKEN}" }
      }}
      ```
    
    - `otlp-grpc` – streams OTLP log records over gRPC. Provide the endpoint
    and any
      metadata headers:
    
      ```toml
      [otel]
      exporter = { otlp-grpc = {
        endpoint = "https://otel.example.com:4317",
        headers = { "x-otlp-meta" = "abc123" }
      }}
      ```
    
    If the exporter is `none` nothing is written anywhere; otherwise you
    must run or point to your
    own collector. All exporters run on a background batch worker that is
    flushed on
    shutdown.
    
    If you build Codex from source the OTEL crate is still behind an `otel`
    feature
    flag; the official prebuilt binaries ship with the feature enabled. When
    the
    feature is disabled the telemetry hooks become no-ops so the CLI
    continues to
    function without the extra dependencies.
    
    ---------
    
    Co-authored-by: Anton Panasenko <apanasenko@openai.com>
  • Add turn started/completed events and correct exit code on error (#4309)
    Adds new event for session completed that includes usage. Also ensures
    we return 1 on failures.
    ```
    {
      "type": "session.created",
      "session_id": "019987a7-93e7-7b20-9e05-e90060e411ea"
    }
    {
      "type": "turn.started"
    }
    ...
    {
      "type": "turn.completed",
      "usage": {
        "input_tokens": 78913,
        "cached_input_tokens": 65280,
        "output_tokens": 1099
      }
    }
    ```
  • Add codex exec testing helpers (#4254)
    Add a shortcut to create working directories and run codex exec with
    fake server.
  • make tests pass cleanly in sandbox (#4067)
    This changes the reqwest client used in tests to be sandbox-friendly,
    and skips a bunch of other tests that don't work inside the
    sandbox/without network.
  • Add exec output-schema parameter (#4079)
    Adds structured output to `exec` via the `--structured-output`
    parameter.
  • chore: clippy on redundant closure (#4058)
    Add redundant closure clippy rules and let Codex fix it by minimising
    FQP
  • Use helpers instead of fixtures (#3888)
    Move to using test helper method everywhere.
  • fix: ensure cwd for conversation and sandbox are separate concerns (#3874)
    Previous to this PR, both of these functions take a single `cwd`:
    
    
    https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/71038381aa0f51aa62e1a2bcc7cbf26a05b141f3/codex-rs/core/src/seatbelt.rs#L19-L25
    
    
    https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/71038381aa0f51aa62e1a2bcc7cbf26a05b141f3/codex-rs/core/src/landlock.rs#L16-L23
    
    whereas `cwd` and `sandbox_cwd` should be set independently (fixed in
    this PR).
    
    Added `sandbox_distinguishes_command_and_policy_cwds()` to
    `codex-rs/exec/tests/suite/sandbox.rs` to verify this.
  • enable-resume (#3537)
    Adding the ability to resume conversations.
    we have one verb `resume`. 
    
    Behavior:
    
    `tui`:
    `codex resume`: opens session picker
    `codex resume --last`: continue last message
    `codex resume <session id>`: continue conversation with `session id`
    
    `exec`:
    `codex resume --last`: continue last conversation
    `codex resume <session id>`: continue conversation with `session id`
    
    Implementation:
    - I added a function to find the path in `~/.codex/sessions/` with a
    `UUID`. This is helpful in resuming with session id.
    - Added the above mentioned flags
    - Added lots of testing
  • chore: enable clippy::redundant_clone (#3489)
    Created this PR by:
    
    - adding `redundant_clone` to `[workspace.lints.clippy]` in
    `cargo-rs/Cargol.toml`
    - running `cargo clippy --tests --fix`
    - running `just fmt`
    
    Though I had to clean up one instance of the following that resulted:
    
    ```rust
    let codex = codex;
    ```
  • chore: require uninlined_format_args from clippy (#2845)
    - added `uninlined_format_args` to `[workspace.lints.clippy]` in the
    `Cargo.toml` for the workspace
    - ran `cargo clippy --tests --fix`
    - ran `just fmt`
  • [exec] Clean up apply-patch tests (#2648)
    ## Summary
    These tests were getting a bit unwieldy, and they're starting to become
    load-bearing. Let's clean them up, and get them working solidly so we
    can easily expand this harness with new tests.
    
    ## Test Plan
    - [x] Tests continue to pass
  • test: faster test execution in codex-core (#2633)
    this dramatically improves time to run `cargo test -p codex-core` (~25x
    speedup).
    
    before:
    ```
    cargo test -p codex-core  35.96s user 68.63s system 19% cpu 8:49.80 total
    ```
    
    after:
    ```
    cargo test -p codex-core  5.51s user 8.16s system 63% cpu 21.407 total
    ```
    
    both tests measured "hot", i.e. on a 2nd run with no filesystem changes,
    to exclude compile times.
    
    approach inspired by [Delete Cargo Integration
    Tests](https://matklad.github.io/2021/02/27/delete-cargo-integration-tests.html),
    we move all test cases in tests/ into a single suite in order to have a
    single binary, as there is significant overhead for each test binary
    executed, and because test execution is only parallelized with a single
    binary.