## Summary
- allow `socketpair(AF_UNIX, ...)` in the proxy-routed Linux seccomp
mode
- continue denying `socket(AF_UNIX, ...)` so user commands cannot create
pathname or abstract Unix sockets
- extend the managed-proxy integration test to verify both behaviors
## Root cause
`NetworkSeccompMode::ProxyRouted` treated anonymous Unix socket pairs
like externally addressable Unix sockets and returned `EPERM`. This
breaks tools that use socket pairs for local child-process IPC even
though a socket pair cannot connect outside the sandbox or bypass the
routed proxy.
`dangerously_allow_all_unix_sockets` controls Unix-socket requests
forwarded by the managed network proxy; it does not currently configure
the Linux seccomp filter. Socket pairs should not require that dangerous
setting because they are unnamed, process-local IPC.
Related but independent: #26553 fixes host proxy bridge socket path
length handling.
---------
Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>
## Why
`PermissionProfile` is the canonical runtime permission model in the
Rust workspace, but the Linux sandbox helper still accepted a legacy
`SandboxPolicy` plus separate filesystem and network policy flags. That
translation layer made the helper interface harder to reason about and
left `linux-sandbox`-specific callers and tests coupled to the legacy
policy representation.
This change moves the helper onto `PermissionProfile` directly so the
Linux sandbox plumbing matches the rest of the permission stack.
## What changed
- changed `codex-linux-sandbox` to accept `--permission-profile` and
derive the runtime filesystem and network policies internally
- updated the in-process seccomp and legacy Landlock path in
`codex-rs/linux-sandbox` to operate on `PermissionProfile`
- updated Linux sandbox argv construction in `codex-rs/sandboxing`,
`codex-rs/core`, and the CLI debug sandbox path to pass the canonical
profile instead of serializing compatibility policy projections
- simplified the Linux sandbox tests to build the exact permission
profile under test, including the managed-proxy path and
direct-runtime-enforcement carveout coverage
- removed helper-local `SandboxPolicy` usage from `bwrap` tests where
`FileSystemSandboxPolicy` is already the value being exercised
## Testing
- `cargo test -p codex-sandboxing`
- `cargo test -p codex-linux-sandbox` (on this macOS host, the crate
compiled cleanly and its Linux-only tests were cfg-gated)
- `cargo test -p codex-core --no-run`
- `cargo test -p codex-cli --no-run`
## Why
The Linux managed-proxy bridge helpers are long-lived child processes in
the sandbox networking path. Before this change they stayed dumpable and
the network seccomp profile did not block cross-process memory syscalls,
so another same-user process could potentially inspect or modify bridge
memory instead of interacting only through the intended proxy interface.
## What changed
- reuse the shared `codex-process-hardening` helper to mark bridge
helper children non-dumpable before they begin serving
- deny `process_vm_readv` and `process_vm_writev` in the existing
network seccomp filter
## Security impact
Bridge helpers are less exposed to same-user cross-process inspection or
memory writes, which reduces the chance that sandboxed code can
interfere with proxy support processes outside the intended IPC path.
## Verification
- `cargo test -p codex-process-hardening`
- `cargo test -p codex-linux-sandbox`
- attempted `cargo check -p codex-linux-sandbox --target
x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`; blocked on missing `x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc` on
this macOS host
---------
Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>
Stacked on #16508.
This removes the temporary `codex-core` / `codex-login` re-export shims
from the ownership split and rewrites callsites to import directly from
`codex-model-provider-info`, `codex-models-manager`, `codex-api`,
`codex-protocol`, `codex-feedback`, and `codex-response-debug-context`.
No behavior change intended; this is the mechanical import cleanup layer
split out from the ownership move.
---------
Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>
## Why
Follow-up to #16106.
`argument-comment-lint` already runs as a native Bazel aspect on Linux
and macOS, but Windows is still the long pole in `rust-ci`. To move
Windows onto the same native Bazel lane, the toolchain split has to let
exec-side helper binaries build in an MSVC environment while still
linting repo crates as `windows-gnullvm`.
Pushing the Windows lane onto the native Bazel path exposed a second
round of Windows-only issues in the mixed exec-toolchain plumbing after
the initial wrapper/target fixes landed.
## What Changed
- keep the Windows lint lanes on the native Bazel/aspect path in
`rust-ci.yml` and `rust-ci-full.yml`
- add a dedicated `local_windows_msvc` platform for exec-side helper
binaries while keeping `local_windows` as the `windows-gnullvm` target
platform
- patch `rules_rust` so `repository_set(...)` preserves explicit
exec-platform constraints for the generated toolchains, keep the
Windows-specific bootstrap/direct-link fixes needed for the nightly lint
driver, and expose exec-side `rustc-dev` `.rlib`s to the MSVC sysroot
- register the custom Windows nightly toolchain set with MSVC exec
constraints while still exposing both `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc` and
`x86_64-pc-windows-gnullvm` targets
- enable `dev_components` on the custom Windows nightly repository set
so the MSVC exec helper toolchain actually downloads the
compiler-internal crates that `clippy_utils` needs
- teach `run-argument-comment-lint-bazel.sh` to enumerate concrete
Windows Rust rules, normalize the resulting labels, and skip explicitly
requested incompatible targets instead of failing before the lint run
starts
- patch `rules_rust` build-script env propagation so exec-side
`windows-msvc` helper crates drop forwarded MinGW include and linker
search paths as whole flag/path pairs instead of emitting malformed
`CFLAGS`, `CXXFLAGS`, and `LDFLAGS`
- export the Windows VS/MSVC SDK environment in `setup-bazel-ci` and
pass the relevant variables through `run-bazel-ci.sh` via `--action_env`
/ `--host_action_env` so Bazel build scripts can see the MSVC and UCRT
headers on native Windows runs
- add inline comments to the Windows `setup-bazel-ci` MSVC environment
export step so it is easier to audit how `vswhere`, `VsDevCmd.bat`, and
the filtered `GITHUB_ENV` export fit together
- patch `aws-lc-sys` to skip its standalone `memcmp` probe under Bazel
`windows-msvc` build-script environments, which avoids a Windows-native
toolchain mismatch that blocked the lint lane before it reached the
aspect execution
- patch `aws-lc-sys` to prefer its bundled `prebuilt-nasm` objects for
Bazel `windows-msvc` build-script runs, which avoids missing
`generated-src/win-x86_64/*.asm` runfiles in the exec-side helper
toolchain
- annotate the Linux test-only callsites in `codex-rs/linux-sandbox` and
`codex-rs/core` that the wider native lint coverage surfaced
## Patches
This PR introduces a large patch stack because the Windows Bazel lint
lane currently depends on behavior that upstream dependencies do not
provide out of the box in the mixed `windows-gnullvm` target /
`windows-msvc` exec-toolchain setup.
- Most of the `rules_rust` patches look like upstream candidates rather
than OpenAI-only policy. Preserving explicit exec-platform constraints,
forwarding the right MSVC/UCRT environment into exec-side build scripts,
exposing exec-side `rustc-dev` artifacts, and keeping the Windows
bootstrap/linker behavior coherent all look like fixes to the Bazel/Rust
integration layer itself.
- The two `aws-lc-sys` patches are more tactical. They special-case
Bazel `windows-msvc` build-script environments to avoid a `memcmp` probe
mismatch and missing NASM runfiles. Those may be harder to upstream
as-is because they rely on Bazel-specific detection instead of a general
Cargo/build-script contract.
- Short term, carrying these patches in-tree is reasonable because they
unblock a real CI lane and are still narrow enough to audit. Long term,
the goal should not be to keep growing a permanent local fork of either
dependency.
- My current expectation is that the `rules_rust` patches are less
controversial and should be broken out into focused upstream proposals,
while the `aws-lc-sys` patches are more likely to be temporary escape
hatches unless that crate wants a more general hook for hermetic build
systems.
Suggested follow-up plan:
1. Split the `rules_rust` deltas into upstream-sized PRs or issues with
minimized repros.
2. Revisit the `aws-lc-sys` patches during the next dependency bump and
see whether they can be replaced by an upstream fix, a crate upgrade, or
a cleaner opt-in mechanism.
3. Treat each dependency update as a chance to delete patches one by one
so the local patch set only contains still-needed deltas.
## Verification
- `./.github/scripts/run-argument-comment-lint-bazel.sh
--config=argument-comment-lint --keep_going`
- `RUNNER_OS=Windows
./.github/scripts/run-argument-comment-lint-bazel.sh --nobuild
--config=argument-comment-lint --platforms=//:local_windows
--keep_going`
- `cargo test -p codex-linux-sandbox`
- `cargo test -p codex-core shell_snapshot_tests`
- `just argument-comment-lint`
## References
- #16106
## Why
The Bazel-backed `argument-comment-lint` CI path had two gaps:
- Bazel wildcard target expansion skipped inline unit-test crates from
`src/` modules because the generated `*-unit-tests-bin` `rust_test`
targets are tagged `manual`.
- `argument-comment-mismatch` was still only a warning in the Bazel and
packaged-wrapper entrypoints, so a typoed `/*param_name*/` comment could
still pass CI even when the lint detected it.
That left CI blind to real linux-sandbox examples, including the missing
`/*local_port*/` comment in
`codex-rs/linux-sandbox/src/proxy_routing.rs` and typoed argument
comments in `codex-rs/linux-sandbox/src/landlock.rs`.
## What Changed
- Added `tools/argument-comment-lint/list-bazel-targets.sh` so Bazel
lint runs cover `//codex-rs/...` plus the manual `rust_test`
`*-unit-tests-bin` targets.
- Updated `just argument-comment-lint`, `rust-ci.yml`, and
`rust-ci-full.yml` to use that helper.
- Promoted both `argument-comment-mismatch` and
`uncommented-anonymous-literal-argument` to errors in every strict
entrypoint:
- `tools/argument-comment-lint/lint_aspect.bzl`
- `tools/argument-comment-lint/src/bin/argument-comment-lint.rs`
- `tools/argument-comment-lint/wrapper_common.py`
- Added wrapper/bin coverage for the stricter lint flags and documented
the behavior in `tools/argument-comment-lint/README.md`.
- Fixed the now-covered callsites in
`codex-rs/linux-sandbox/src/proxy_routing.rs`,
`codex-rs/linux-sandbox/src/landlock.rs`, and
`codex-rs/core/src/shell_snapshot_tests.rs`.
This keeps the Bazel target expansion narrow while making the Bazel and
prebuilt-linter paths enforce the same strict lint set.
## Verification
- `python3 -m unittest discover -s tools/argument-comment-lint -p
'test_*.py'`
- `cargo +nightly-2025-09-18 test --manifest-path
tools/argument-comment-lint/Cargo.toml`
- `just argument-comment-lint`
## Why
The Linux sandbox helper still only accepted the legacy `SandboxPolicy`
payload.
That meant the runtime could compute split filesystem and network
policies, but the helper would immediately collapse them back to the
compatibility projection before applying seccomp or staging the
bubblewrap inner command.
## What changed
- added hidden `--file-system-sandbox-policy` and
`--network-sandbox-policy` flags alongside the legacy `--sandbox-policy`
flag so the helper can migrate incrementally
- updated the core-side Landlock wrapper to pass the split policies
explicitly when launching `codex-linux-sandbox`
- added helper-side resolution logic that accepts either the legacy
policy alone or a complete split-policy pair and normalizes that into
one effective configuration
- switched Linux helper network decisions to use `NetworkSandboxPolicy`
directly
- added `FromStr` support for the split policy types so the helper can
parse them from CLI JSON
## Verification
- added helper coverage in `linux-sandbox/src/linux_run_main_tests.rs`
for split-policy flags and policy resolution
- added CLI argument coverage in `core/src/landlock.rs`
- verified the current PR state with `just clippy`
---
[//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/openai/codex/pull/13449).
* #13453
* #13452
* #13451
* __->__ #13449
* #13448
* #13445
* #13440
* #13439
---------
Co-authored-by: viyatb-oai <viyatb@openai.com>
## Why
`codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs` re-exported a broad set of types and modules
from `codex-protocol` and `codex-shell-command`. That made it easy for
workspace crates to import those APIs through `codex-core`, which in
turn hides dependency edges and makes it harder to reduce compile-time
coupling over time.
This change removes those public re-exports so call sites must import
from the source crates directly. Even when a crate still depends on
`codex-core` today, this makes dependency boundaries explicit and
unblocks future work to drop `codex-core` dependencies where possible.
## What Changed
- Removed public re-exports from `codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs` for:
- `codex_protocol::protocol` and related protocol/model types (including
`InitialHistory`)
- `codex_protocol::config_types` (`protocol_config_types`)
- `codex_shell_command::{bash, is_dangerous_command, is_safe_command,
parse_command, powershell}`
- Migrated workspace Rust call sites to import directly from:
- `codex_protocol::protocol`
- `codex_protocol::config_types`
- `codex_protocol::models`
- `codex_shell_command`
- Added explicit `Cargo.toml` dependencies (`codex-protocol` /
`codex-shell-command`) in crates that now import those crates directly.
- Kept `codex-core` internal modules compiling by using `pub(crate)`
aliases in `core/src/lib.rs` (internal-only, not part of the public
API).
- Updated the two utility crates that can already drop a `codex-core`
dependency edge entirely:
- `codex-utils-approval-presets`
- `codex-utils-cli`
## Verification
- `cargo test -p codex-utils-approval-presets`
- `cargo test -p codex-utils-cli`
- `cargo check --workspace --all-targets`
- `just clippy`
`SandboxPolicy::ReadOnly` previously implied broad read access and could
not express a narrower read surface.
This change introduces an explicit read-access model so we can support
user-configurable read restrictions in follow-up work, while preserving
current behavior today.
It also ensures unsupported backends fail closed for restricted-read
policies instead of silently granting broader access than intended.
## What
- Added `ReadOnlyAccess` in protocol with:
- `Restricted { include_platform_defaults, readable_roots }`
- `FullAccess`
- Updated `SandboxPolicy` to carry read-access configuration:
- `ReadOnly { access: ReadOnlyAccess }`
- `WorkspaceWrite { ..., read_only_access: ReadOnlyAccess }`
- Preserved existing behavior by defaulting current construction paths
to `ReadOnlyAccess::FullAccess`.
- Threaded the new fields through sandbox policy consumers and call
sites across `core`, `tui`, `linux-sandbox`, `windows-sandbox`, and
related tests.
- Updated Seatbelt policy generation to honor restricted read roots by
emitting scoped read rules when full read access is not granted.
- Added fail-closed behavior on Linux and Windows backends when
restricted read access is requested but not yet implemented there
(`UnsupportedOperation`).
- Regenerated app-server protocol schema and TypeScript artifacts,
including `ReadOnlyAccess`.
## Compatibility / rollout
- Runtime behavior remains unchanged by default (`FullAccess`).
- API/schema changes are in place so future config wiring can enable
restricted read access without another policy-shape migration.
## Summary
This PR introduces a gated Bubblewrap (bwrap) Linux sandbox path. The
curent Linux sandbox path relies on in-process restrictions (including
Landlock). Bubblewrap gives us a more uniform filesystem isolation
model, especially explicit writable roots with the option to make some
directories read-only and granular network controls.
This is behind a feature flag so we can validate behavior safely before
making it the default.
- Added temporary rollout flag:
- `features.use_linux_sandbox_bwrap`
- Preserved existing default path when the flag is off.
- In Bubblewrap mode:
- Added internal retry without /proc when /proc mount is not permitted
by the host/container.
**Description**
This removes the pre‑Landlock read‑only bind‑mount step from the Linux
sandbox so filesystem restrictions rely solely on Landlock again.
`mounts.rs` is kept in place but left unused. The linux‑sandbox README
is updated to match the new behavior and manual test expectations.
fixes https://github.com/openai/codex/issues/9236
### Motivation
- Prevent sandbox setup from failing when unprivileged user namespaces
are denied so Landlock-only protections can still be applied.
- Ensure `PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS` is set before installing seccomp and
Landlock restrictions to avoid kernel `EPERM`/`LandlockRestrict`
ordering issues.
### Description
- Add `is_permission_denied` helper that detects `EPERM` /
`PermissionDenied` from `CodexErr` to drive fallback logic.
- In `apply_read_only_mounts` skip read-only bind-mount setup and return
`Ok(())` when `unshare_user_and_mount_namespaces()` fails with
permission-denied so Landlock rules can still be installed.
- Add `set_no_new_privs()` and call it from
`apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread` before installing seccomp
filters and Landlock rules when disk or network access is restricted.
### Motivation
- Landlock alone cannot prevent writes to sensitive in-repo files like
`.git/` when the repo root is writable, so explicit mount restrictions
are required for those paths.
- The sandbox must set up any mounts before calling Landlock so Landlock
can still be applied afterwards and the two mechanisms compose
correctly.
### Description
- Add a new `linux-sandbox` helper `apply_read_only_mounts` in
`linux-sandbox/src/mounts.rs` that: unshares namespaces, maps uids/gids
when required, makes mounts private, bind-mounts targets, and remounts
them read-only.
- Wire the mount step into the sandbox flow by calling
`apply_read_only_mounts(...)` before network/seccomp and before applying
Landlock rules in `linux-sandbox/src/landlock.rs`.
Changes the `writable_roots` field of the `WorkspaceWrite` variant of
the `SandboxPolicy` enum from `Vec<PathBuf>` to `Vec<AbsolutePathBuf>`.
This is helpful because now callers can be sure the value is an absolute
path rather than a relative one. (Though when using an absolute path in
a Seatbelt config policy, we still have to _canonicalize_ it first.)
Because `writable_roots` can be read from a config file, it is important
that we are able to resolve relative paths properly using the parent
folder of the config file as the base path.
This changes our default Landlock policy to allow `sendmsg(2)` and
`recvmsg(2)` syscalls. We believe these were originally denied out of an
abundance of caution, but given that `send(2)` nor `recv(2)` are allowed
today [which provide comparable capability to the `*msg` equivalents],
we do not believe allowing them grants any privileges beyond what we
already allow.
Rather than using the syscall as the security boundary, preventing
access to the potentially hazardous file descriptor in the first place
seems like the right layer of defense.
In particular, this makes it possible for `shell-tool-mcp` to run on
Linux when using a read-only sandbox for the Bash process, as
demonstrated by `accept_elicitation_for_prompt_rule()` now succeeding in
CI.
When using codex-tui on a linux system I was unable to run `cargo
clippy` inside of codex due to:
```
[pid 3548377] socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, <unfinished ...>
[pid 3548370] close(8 <unfinished ...>
[pid 3548377] <... socketpair resumed>0x7ffb97f4ed60) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted)
```
And
```
3611300 <... recvfrom resumed>0x708b8b5cffe0, 8, 0, NULL, NULL) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted)
```
This PR:
* Fixes a bug that disallowed AF_UNIX to allow it on `socket()`
* Adds recvfrom() to the syscall allow list, this should be fine since
we disable opening new sockets. But we should validate there is not a
open socket inheritance issue.
* Allow socketpair to be called for AF_UNIX
* Adds tests for AF_UNIX components
* All of which allows running `cargo clippy` within the sandbox on
linux, and possibly other tooling using a fork server model + AF_UNIX
comms.
To make `--full-auto` safer, this PR updates the Seatbelt policy so that
a `SandboxPolicy` with a `writable_root` that contains a `.git/`
_directory_ will make `.git/` _read-only_ (though as a follow-up, we
should also consider the case where `.git` is a _file_ with a `gitdir:
/path/to/actual/repo/.git` entry that should also be protected).
The two major changes in this PR:
- Updating `SandboxPolicy::get_writable_roots_with_cwd()` to return a
`Vec<WritableRoot>` instead of a `Vec<PathBuf>` where a `WritableRoot`
can specify a list of read-only subpaths.
- Updating `create_seatbelt_command_args()` to honor the read-only
subpaths in `WritableRoot`.
The logic to update the policy is a fairly straightforward update to
`create_seatbelt_command_args()`, but perhaps the more interesting part
of this PR is the introduction of an integration test in
`tests/sandbox.rs`. Leveraging the new API in #1785, we test
`SandboxPolicy` under various conditions, including ones where `$TMPDIR`
is not readable, which is critical for verifying the new behavior.
To ensure that Codex can run its own tests, e.g.:
```
just codex debug seatbelt --full-auto -- cargo test if_git_repo_is_writable_root_then_dot_git_folder_is_read_only
```
I had to introduce the use of `CODEX_SANDBOX=sandbox`, which is
comparable to how `CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED=1` was already being
used.
Adding a comparable change for Landlock will be done in a subsequent PR.
Historically, we spawned the Seatbelt and Landlock sandboxes in
substantially different ways:
For **Seatbelt**, we would run `/usr/bin/sandbox-exec` with our policy
specified as an arg followed by the original command:
https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/d1de7bb383552e8fadd94be79d65d188e00fd562/codex-rs/core/src/exec.rs#L147-L219
For **Landlock/Seccomp**, we would do
`tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()`, _invoke
Landlock/Seccomp APIs to modify the permissions of that new thread_, and
then spawn the command:
https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/d1de7bb383552e8fadd94be79d65d188e00fd562/codex-rs/core/src/exec_linux.rs#L28-L49
While it is neat that Landlock/Seccomp supports applying a policy to
only one thread without having to apply it to the entire process, it
requires us to maintain two different codepaths and is a bit harder to
reason about. The tipping point was
https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/1061, in which we had to start
building up the `env` in an unexpected way for the existing
Landlock/Seccomp approach to continue to work.
This PR overhauls things so that we do similar things for Mac and Linux.
It turned out that we were already building our own "helper binary"
comparable to Mac's `sandbox-exec` as part of the `cli` crate:
https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/d1de7bb383552e8fadd94be79d65d188e00fd562/codex-rs/cli/Cargo.toml#L10-L12
We originally created this to build a small binary to include with the
Node.js version of the Codex CLI to provide support for Linux
sandboxing.
Though the sticky bit is that, at this point, we still want to deploy
the Rust version of Codex as a single, standalone binary rather than a
CLI and a supporting sandboxing binary. To satisfy this goal, we use
"the arg0 trick," in which we:
* use `std::env::current_exe()` to get the path to the CLI that is
currently running
* use the CLI as the `program` for the `Command`
* set `"codex-linux-sandbox"` as arg0 for the `Command`
A CLI that supports sandboxing should check arg0 at the start of the
program. If it is `"codex-linux-sandbox"`, it must invoke
`codex_linux_sandbox::run_main()`, which runs the CLI as if it were
`codex-linux-sandbox`. When acting as `codex-linux-sandbox`, we make the
appropriate Landlock/Seccomp API calls and then use `execvp(3)` to spawn
the original command, so do _replace_ the process rather than spawn a
subprocess. Incidentally, we do this before starting the Tokio runtime,
so the process should only have one thread when `execvp(3)` is called.
Because the `core` crate that needs to spawn the Linux sandboxing is not
a CLI in its own right, this means that every CLI that includes `core`
and relies on this behavior has to (1) implement it and (2) provide the
path to the sandboxing executable. While the path is almost always
`std::env::current_exe()`, we needed to make this configurable for
integration tests, so `Config` now has a `codex_linux_sandbox_exe:
Option<PathBuf>` property to facilitate threading this through,
introduced in https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/1089.
This common pattern is now captured in
`codex_linux_sandbox::run_with_sandbox()` and all of the `main.rs`
functions that should use it have been updated as part of this PR.
The `codex-linux-sandbox` crate added to the Cargo workspace as part of
this PR now has the bulk of the Landlock/Seccomp logic, which makes
`core` a bit simpler. Indeed, `core/src/exec_linux.rs` and
`core/src/landlock.rs` were removed/ported as part of this PR. I also
moved the unit tests for this code into an integration test,
`linux-sandbox/tests/landlock.rs`, in which I use
`env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_codex-linux-sandbox")` as the value for
`codex_linux_sandbox_exe` since `std::env::current_exe()` is not
appropriate in that case.
viyatb-oai ·
Michael Bolin ·
Ahmed Ibrahim ·
Parker Thompson ·