diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
index 5c7500f5a..d479de353 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
@@ -2278,9 +2278,11 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
                 codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile::from(permission_profile);
             let (mut file_system_sandbox_policy, network_sandbox_policy) =
                 permission_profile.to_runtime_permissions();
+            let configured_file_system_sandbox_policy =
+                self.config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy();
             Self::preserve_configured_deny_read_restrictions(
                 &mut file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                &self.config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                &configured_file_system_sandbox_policy,
             );
             let effective_permission_profile =
                 codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
diff --git a/codex-rs/cli/src/debug_sandbox.rs b/codex-rs/cli/src/debug_sandbox.rs
index e173f6573..a59ce31d5 100644
--- a/codex-rs/cli/src/debug_sandbox.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/cli/src/debug_sandbox.rs
@@ -189,22 +189,23 @@ async fn run_command_under_sandbox(
     let mut child = match sandbox_type {
         #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
         SandboxType::Seatbelt => {
+            let file_system_sandbox_policy = config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+            let network_sandbox_policy = config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy();
             let args = create_seatbelt_command_args(CreateSeatbeltCommandArgsParams {
                 command,
-                file_system_sandbox_policy: &config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
+                file_system_sandbox_policy: &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                network_sandbox_policy,
                 sandbox_policy_cwd: sandbox_policy_cwd.as_path(),
                 enforce_managed_network: false,
                 network: network.as_ref(),
                 extra_allow_unix_sockets: allow_unix_sockets,
             });
-            let network_policy = config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy;
             spawn_debug_sandbox_child(
                 PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/sandbox-exec"),
                 args,
                 /*arg0*/ None,
                 cwd.to_path_buf(),
-                network_policy,
+                network_sandbox_policy,
                 env,
                 |env_map| {
                     env_map.insert(CODEX_SANDBOX_ENV_VAR.to_string(), "seatbelt".to_string());
@@ -221,23 +222,24 @@ async fn run_command_under_sandbox(
                 .codex_linux_sandbox_exe
                 .expect("codex-linux-sandbox executable not found");
             let use_legacy_landlock = config.features.use_legacy_landlock();
+            let file_system_sandbox_policy = config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+            let network_sandbox_policy = config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy();
             let args = create_linux_sandbox_command_args_for_policies(
                 command,
                 cwd.as_path(),
                 config.permissions.sandbox_policy.get(),
-                &config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
+                &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                network_sandbox_policy,
                 sandbox_policy_cwd.as_path(),
                 use_legacy_landlock,
                 /*allow_network_for_proxy*/ false,
             );
-            let network_policy = config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy;
             spawn_debug_sandbox_child(
                 codex_linux_sandbox_exe,
                 args,
                 Some("codex-linux-sandbox"),
                 cwd.to_path_buf(),
-                network_policy,
+                network_sandbox_policy,
                 env,
                 |env_map| {
                     if let Some(network) = network.as_ref() {
@@ -715,17 +717,17 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert!(config_uses_permission_profiles(&config));
         assert!(
-            profile_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy
-                != legacy_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            profile_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy()
+                != legacy_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
             "test fixture should distinguish profile syntax from legacy sandbox_mode"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-            profile_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
+            profile_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         );
         assert_ne!(
-            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-            legacy_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
+            legacy_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         );
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod.rs b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod.rs
index 3c2a97108..e928621b5 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod.rs
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ use codex_plugin::PluginCapabilitySummary;
 use codex_protocol::mcp::Resource;
 use codex_protocol::mcp::ResourceTemplate;
 use codex_protocol::mcp::Tool;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::McpAuthStatus;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::McpListToolsResponseEvent;
-use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 use rmcp::model::ReadResourceRequestParams;
 use rmcp::model::ReadResourceResult;
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -66,13 +66,18 @@ pub fn qualified_mcp_tool_name_prefix(server_name: &str) -> String {
 /// of being shown to the user.
 pub fn mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(
     approval_policy: AskForApproval,
-    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    permission_profile: &PermissionProfile,
 ) -> bool {
-    approval_policy == AskForApproval::Never
-        && matches!(
-            sandbox_policy,
-            SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess | SandboxPolicy::ExternalSandbox { .. }
-        )
+    if approval_policy != AskForApproval::Never {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    match permission_profile {
+        PermissionProfile::Disabled | PermissionProfile::External { .. } => true,
+        PermissionProfile::Managed { file_system, .. } => {
+            file_system.to_sandbox_policy().has_full_disk_write_access()
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// MCP runtime settings derived from `codex_core::config::Config`.
@@ -229,7 +234,7 @@ pub async fn read_mcp_resource(
         &config.approval_policy,
         String::new(),
         tx_event,
-        SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
+        PermissionProfile::default(),
         runtime_environment,
         config.codex_home.clone(),
         codex_apps_tools_cache_key(auth),
@@ -294,7 +299,7 @@ pub async fn collect_mcp_server_status_snapshot_with_detail(
         &config.approval_policy,
         submit_id,
         tx_event,
-        SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
+        PermissionProfile::default(),
         runtime_environment,
         config.codex_home.clone(),
         codex_apps_tools_cache_key(auth),
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod_tests.rs b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod_tests.rs
index 01a977077..885dcc890 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp/mod_tests.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ use codex_config::Constrained;
 use codex_login::CodexAuth;
 use codex_plugin::AppConnectorId;
 use codex_plugin::PluginCapabilitySummary;
+use codex_protocol::models::ManagedFileSystemPermissions;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
+use codex_protocol::permissions::NetworkSandboxPolicy;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -33,6 +36,34 @@ fn qualified_mcp_tool_name_prefix_sanitizes_server_names_without_lowercasing() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn mcp_prompt_auto_approval_honors_unrestricted_managed_profiles() {
+    assert!(mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(
+        AskForApproval::Never,
+        &PermissionProfile::Managed {
+            file_system: ManagedFileSystemPermissions::Unrestricted,
+            network: NetworkSandboxPolicy::Enabled,
+        },
+    ));
+    assert!(mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(
+        AskForApproval::Never,
+        &PermissionProfile::Managed {
+            file_system: ManagedFileSystemPermissions::Unrestricted,
+            network: NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+        },
+    ));
+    assert!(!mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(
+        AskForApproval::Never,
+        &PermissionProfile::read_only(),
+    ));
+    assert!(!mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(
+        AskForApproval::OnRequest,
+        &PermissionProfile::Managed {
+            file_system: ManagedFileSystemPermissions::Unrestricted,
+            network: NetworkSandboxPolicy::Enabled,
+        },
+    ));
+}
 #[test]
 fn tool_plugin_provenance_collects_app_and_mcp_sources() {
     let provenance = ToolPluginProvenance::from_capability_summaries(&[
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager.rs b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager.rs
index 3b2dffc90..d7e345fb1 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager.rs
@@ -334,15 +334,15 @@ fn can_auto_accept_elicitation(elicitation: &CreateElicitationRequestParams) ->
 struct ElicitationRequestManager {
     requests: Arc<Mutex<ResponderMap>>,
     approval_policy: Arc<StdMutex<AskForApproval>>,
-    sandbox_policy: Arc<StdMutex<SandboxPolicy>>,
+    permission_profile: Arc<StdMutex<PermissionProfile>>,
 }
 
 impl ElicitationRequestManager {
-    fn new(approval_policy: AskForApproval, sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy) -> Self {
+    fn new(approval_policy: AskForApproval, permission_profile: PermissionProfile) -> Self {
         Self {
             requests: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
             approval_policy: Arc::new(StdMutex::new(approval_policy)),
-            sandbox_policy: Arc::new(StdMutex::new(sandbox_policy)),
+            permission_profile: Arc::new(StdMutex::new(permission_profile)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -364,23 +364,23 @@ impl ElicitationRequestManager {
     fn make_sender(&self, server_name: String, tx_event: Sender<Event>) -> SendElicitation {
         let elicitation_requests = self.requests.clone();
         let approval_policy = self.approval_policy.clone();
-        let sandbox_policy = self.sandbox_policy.clone();
+        let permission_profile = self.permission_profile.clone();
         Box::new(move |id, elicitation| {
             let elicitation_requests = elicitation_requests.clone();
             let tx_event = tx_event.clone();
             let server_name = server_name.clone();
             let approval_policy = approval_policy.clone();
-            let sandbox_policy = sandbox_policy.clone();
+            let permission_profile = permission_profile.clone();
             async move {
                 let approval_policy = approval_policy
                     .lock()
                     .map(|policy| *policy)
                     .unwrap_or(AskForApproval::Never);
-                let sandbox_policy = sandbox_policy
+                let permission_profile = permission_profile
                     .lock()
-                    .map(|policy| policy.clone())
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy());
-                if mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(approval_policy, &sandbox_policy)
+                    .map(|profile| profile.clone())
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                if mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(approval_policy, &permission_profile)
                     && can_auto_accept_elicitation(&elicitation)
                 {
                     return Ok(ElicitationResponse {
@@ -666,14 +666,14 @@ impl AsyncManagedClient {
 impl McpConnectionManager {
     pub fn new_uninitialized(
         approval_policy: &Constrained<AskForApproval>,
-        sandbox_policy: &Constrained<SandboxPolicy>,
+        permission_profile: &Constrained<PermissionProfile>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             clients: HashMap::new(),
             server_origins: HashMap::new(),
             elicitation_requests: ElicitationRequestManager::new(
                 approval_policy.value(),
-                sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+                permission_profile.get().clone(),
             ),
         }
     }
@@ -692,9 +692,9 @@ impl McpConnectionManager {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_sandbox_policy(&self, sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy) {
-        if let Ok(mut policy) = self.elicitation_requests.sandbox_policy.lock() {
-            *policy = sandbox_policy.clone();
+    pub fn set_permission_profile(&self, permission_profile: PermissionProfile) {
+        if let Ok(mut profile) = self.elicitation_requests.permission_profile.lock() {
+            *profile = permission_profile;
         }
     }
 
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ impl McpConnectionManager {
         approval_policy: &Constrained<AskForApproval>,
         submit_id: String,
         tx_event: Sender<Event>,
-        initial_sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy,
+        initial_permission_profile: PermissionProfile,
         runtime_environment: McpRuntimeEnvironment,
         codex_home: PathBuf,
         codex_apps_tools_cache_key: CodexAppsToolsCacheKey,
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ impl McpConnectionManager {
         let mut server_origins = HashMap::new();
         let mut join_set = JoinSet::new();
         let elicitation_requests =
-            ElicitationRequestManager::new(approval_policy.value(), initial_sandbox_policy);
+            ElicitationRequestManager::new(approval_policy.value(), initial_permission_profile);
         let tool_plugin_provenance = Arc::new(tool_plugin_provenance);
         let startup_submit_id = submit_id.clone();
         let codex_apps_auth_provider = auth
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager_tests.rs b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager_tests.rs
index cf2889ccd..0b9c1f3b6 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-mcp/src/mcp_connection_manager_tests.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use super::*;
 use codex_protocol::ToolName;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::GranularApprovalConfig;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::McpAuthStatus;
 use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
@@ -179,9 +180,9 @@ fn elicitation_granular_policy_respects_never_and_config() {
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn full_access_auto_accepts_elicitation_with_empty_form_schema() {
+async fn disabled_permissions_auto_accept_elicitation_with_empty_form_schema() {
     let manager =
-        ElicitationRequestManager::new(AskForApproval::Never, SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess);
+        ElicitationRequestManager::new(AskForApproval::Never, PermissionProfile::Disabled);
     let (tx_event, _rx_event) = async_channel::bounded(1);
     let sender = manager.make_sender("server".to_string(), tx_event);
 
@@ -209,9 +210,9 @@ async fn full_access_auto_accepts_elicitation_with_empty_form_schema() {
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn full_access_does_not_auto_accept_elicitation_with_requested_fields() {
+async fn disabled_permissions_do_not_auto_accept_elicitation_with_requested_fields() {
     let manager =
-        ElicitationRequestManager::new(AskForApproval::Never, SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess);
+        ElicitationRequestManager::new(AskForApproval::Never, PermissionProfile::Disabled);
     let (tx_event, _rx_event) = async_channel::bounded(1);
     let sender = manager.make_sender("server".to_string(), tx_event);
 
@@ -627,8 +628,9 @@ async fn list_all_tools_uses_startup_snapshot_while_client_is_pending() {
         .boxed()
         .shared();
     let approval_policy = Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure);
-    let sandbox_policy = Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy());
-    let mut manager = McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &sandbox_policy);
+    let permission_profile = Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::default());
+    let mut manager =
+        McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &permission_profile);
     manager.clients.insert(
         CODEX_APPS_MCP_SERVER_NAME.to_string(),
         AsyncManagedClient {
@@ -654,8 +656,9 @@ async fn resolve_tool_info_accepts_canonical_namespaced_tool_names() {
         .boxed()
         .shared();
     let approval_policy = Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure);
-    let sandbox_policy = Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy());
-    let mut manager = McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &sandbox_policy);
+    let permission_profile = Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::default());
+    let mut manager =
+        McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &permission_profile);
     manager.clients.insert(
         "rmcp".to_string(),
         AsyncManagedClient {
@@ -689,8 +692,9 @@ async fn list_all_tools_blocks_while_client_is_pending_without_startup_snapshot(
         .boxed()
         .shared();
     let approval_policy = Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure);
-    let sandbox_policy = Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy());
-    let mut manager = McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &sandbox_policy);
+    let permission_profile = Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::default());
+    let mut manager =
+        McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &permission_profile);
     manager.clients.insert(
         CODEX_APPS_MCP_SERVER_NAME.to_string(),
         AsyncManagedClient {
@@ -712,8 +716,9 @@ async fn list_all_tools_does_not_block_when_startup_snapshot_cache_hit_is_empty(
         .boxed()
         .shared();
     let approval_policy = Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure);
-    let sandbox_policy = Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy());
-    let mut manager = McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &sandbox_policy);
+    let permission_profile = Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::default());
+    let mut manager =
+        McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &permission_profile);
     manager.clients.insert(
         CODEX_APPS_MCP_SERVER_NAME.to_string(),
         AsyncManagedClient {
@@ -744,8 +749,9 @@ async fn list_all_tools_uses_startup_snapshot_when_client_startup_fails() {
     .boxed()
     .shared();
     let approval_policy = Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure);
-    let sandbox_policy = Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy());
-    let mut manager = McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &sandbox_policy);
+    let permission_profile = Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::default());
+    let mut manager =
+        McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(&approval_policy, &permission_profile);
     let startup_complete = Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(true));
     manager.clients.insert(
         CODEX_APPS_MCP_SERVER_NAME.to_string(),
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/apply_patch.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/apply_patch.rs
index c05a45904..d31b4f034 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/apply_patch.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/apply_patch.rs
@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn apply_patch(
     file_system_sandbox_policy: &FileSystemSandboxPolicy,
     action: ApplyPatchAction,
 ) -> InternalApplyPatchInvocation {
+    let sandbox_policy = turn_context.sandbox_policy();
     match assess_patch_safety(
         &action,
         turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        turn_context.sandbox_policy.get(),
+        &sandbox_policy,
         file_system_sandbox_policy,
         &turn_context.cwd,
         turn_context.windows_sandbox_level,
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/config/config_tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/config/config_tests.rs
index dd73cb5e5..3b0dd3359 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/config/config_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/config/config_tests.rs
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ async fn default_permissions_profile_populates_runtime_sandbox_policy() -> std::
 
     let memories_root = codex_home.path().join("memories").abs();
     assert_eq!(
-        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(vec![
             FileSystemSandboxEntry {
                 path: FileSystemPath::Special {
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ async fn default_permissions_profile_populates_runtime_sandbox_policy() -> std::
         }
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
+        config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy(),
         NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted
     );
     Ok(())
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ async fn project_root_glob_none_compiles_to_filesystem_pattern_entry() -> std::i
     assert_eq!(
         config
             .permissions
-            .file_system_sandbox_policy
+            .file_system_sandbox_policy()
             .glob_scan_max_depth,
         Some(2)
     );
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ async fn project_root_glob_none_compiles_to_filesystem_pattern_entry() -> std::i
     assert!(
         config
             .permissions
-            .file_system_sandbox_policy
+            .file_system_sandbox_policy()
             .entries
             .contains(&FileSystemSandboxEntry {
                 path: FileSystemPath::GlobPattern {
@@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ async fn project_root_glob_none_compiles_to_filesystem_pattern_entry() -> std::i
     assert!(
         !config
             .permissions
-            .file_system_sandbox_policy
+            .file_system_sandbox_policy()
             .entries
             .iter()
             .any(|entry| matches!(
@@ -1304,7 +1304,7 @@ async fn permissions_profiles_allow_unknown_special_paths() -> std::io::Result<(
     .await?;
 
     assert_eq!(
-        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(vec![FileSystemSandboxEntry {
             path: FileSystemPath::Special {
                 value: FileSystemSpecialPath::unknown(
@@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@ async fn permissions_profiles_allow_unknown_special_paths_with_nested_entries()
     .await?;
 
     assert_eq!(
-        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(vec![FileSystemSandboxEntry {
             path: FileSystemPath::Special {
                 value: FileSystemSpecialPath::unknown(":future_special_path", Some("docs".into())),
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ async fn permissions_profiles_allow_missing_filesystem_with_warning() -> std::io
     .await?;
 
     assert_eq!(
-        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(Vec::new())
     );
     assert_eq!(
@@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ async fn permissions_profiles_allow_empty_filesystem_with_warning() -> std::io::
     .await?;
 
     assert_eq!(
-        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(Vec::new())
     );
     assert!(
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ async fn permissions_profiles_allow_network_enablement() -> std::io::Result<()>
     .await?;
 
     assert!(
-        config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy.is_enabled(),
+        config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy().is_enabled(),
         "expected network sandbox policy to be enabled",
     );
     assert!(
@@ -1800,20 +1800,20 @@ exclude_slash_tmp = true
 
         let sandbox_policy = config.permissions.sandbox_policy.get();
         assert_eq!(
-            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
             FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(sandbox_policy, cwd.path()),
             "case `{name}` should preserve filesystem semantics from legacy config"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
+            config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy(),
             NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(sandbox_policy),
             "case `{name}` should preserve network semantics from legacy config"
         );
         assert_eq!(
             config
                 .permissions
-                .file_system_sandbox_policy
-                .to_legacy_sandbox_policy(config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy, cwd.path())
+                .file_system_sandbox_policy()
+                .to_legacy_sandbox_policy(config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy(), cwd.path())
                 .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("case `{name}` should round-trip: {err}")),
             sandbox_policy.clone(),
             "case `{name}` should round-trip through split policies without drift"
@@ -5449,10 +5449,6 @@ async fn test_precedence_fixture_with_o3_profile() -> std::io::Result<()> {
                 approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::Never),
                 permission_profile: Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::read_only()),
                 sandbox_policy: Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy()),
-                file_system_sandbox_policy: FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from(
-                    &SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-                ),
-                network_sandbox_policy: NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
                 network: None,
                 allow_login_shell: true,
                 shell_environment_policy: ShellEnvironmentPolicy::default(),
@@ -5647,10 +5643,6 @@ async fn test_precedence_fixture_with_gpt3_profile() -> std::io::Result<()> {
             approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::UnlessTrusted),
             permission_profile: Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::read_only()),
             sandbox_policy: Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy()),
-            file_system_sandbox_policy: FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from(
-                &SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-            ),
-            network_sandbox_policy: NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
             network: None,
             allow_login_shell: true,
             shell_environment_policy: ShellEnvironmentPolicy::default(),
@@ -5799,10 +5791,6 @@ async fn test_precedence_fixture_with_zdr_profile() -> std::io::Result<()> {
             approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure),
             permission_profile: Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::read_only()),
             sandbox_policy: Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy()),
-            file_system_sandbox_policy: FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from(
-                &SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-            ),
-            network_sandbox_policy: NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
             network: None,
             allow_login_shell: true,
             shell_environment_policy: ShellEnvironmentPolicy::default(),
@@ -5936,10 +5924,6 @@ async fn test_precedence_fixture_with_gpt5_profile() -> std::io::Result<()> {
             approval_policy: Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnFailure),
             permission_profile: Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::read_only()),
             sandbox_policy: Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy()),
-            file_system_sandbox_policy: FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from(
-                &SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-            ),
-            network_sandbox_policy: NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
             network: None,
             allow_login_shell: true,
             shell_environment_policy: ShellEnvironmentPolicy::default(),
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/config/mod.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/config/mod.rs
index 7f8be38f1..c7f13c63d 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/config/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/config/mod.rs
@@ -200,18 +200,6 @@ pub struct Permissions {
     /// Legacy projection retained while runtime call sites migrate to
     /// `permission_profile`.
     pub sandbox_policy: Constrained<SandboxPolicy>,
-    /// Effective filesystem sandbox policy, including entries that cannot yet
-    /// be fully represented by the legacy [`SandboxPolicy`] projection.
-    ///
-    /// Runtime projection retained while callers migrate to
-    /// `permission_profile`.
-    pub file_system_sandbox_policy: FileSystemSandboxPolicy,
-    /// Effective network sandbox policy split out from the legacy
-    /// [`SandboxPolicy`] projection.
-    ///
-    /// Runtime projection retained while callers migrate to
-    /// `permission_profile`.
-    pub network_sandbox_policy: NetworkSandboxPolicy,
     /// Effective network configuration applied to all spawned processes.
     pub network: Option<NetworkProxySpec>,
     /// Whether the model may request a login shell for shell-based tools.
@@ -239,14 +227,14 @@ impl Permissions {
         self.permission_profile.get().clone()
     }
 
-    /// Effective filesystem sandbox policy projection.
+    /// Effective filesystem sandbox policy derived from the canonical profile.
     pub fn file_system_sandbox_policy(&self) -> FileSystemSandboxPolicy {
-        self.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone()
+        self.permission_profile.get().file_system_sandbox_policy()
     }
 
-    /// Effective network sandbox policy projection.
+    /// Effective network sandbox policy derived from the canonical profile.
     pub fn network_sandbox_policy(&self) -> NetworkSandboxPolicy {
-        self.network_sandbox_policy
+        self.permission_profile.get().network_sandbox_policy()
     }
 
     /// Replace permissions from a legacy sandbox policy and keep every
@@ -269,8 +257,6 @@ impl Permissions {
 
         self.sandbox_policy.set(sandbox_policy)?;
         self.permission_profile.set(permission_profile)?;
-        self.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy;
-        self.network_sandbox_policy = network_sandbox_policy;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -294,8 +280,6 @@ impl Permissions {
 
         self.permission_profile.set(permission_profile)?;
         self.sandbox_policy.set(sandbox_policy)?;
-        self.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy;
-        self.network_sandbox_policy = network_sandbox_policy;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -2493,8 +2477,6 @@ impl Config {
                 approval_policy: constrained_approval_policy.value,
                 permission_profile: constrained_permission_profile,
                 sandbox_policy: constrained_sandbox_policy.value,
-                file_system_sandbox_policy: effective_file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                network_sandbox_policy: effective_network_sandbox_policy,
                 network,
                 allow_login_shell,
                 shell_environment_policy,
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/config/permissions_tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/config/permissions_tests.rs
index 63d73c47a..e021db3d2 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/config/permissions_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/config/permissions_tests.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ async fn restricted_read_implicitly_allows_helper_executables() -> std::io::Resu
     let expected_zsh = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(zsh_path)?;
     let expected_allowed_arg0_dir = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(allowed_arg0_dir)?;
     let expected_sibling_arg0_dir = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(sibling_arg0_dir)?;
-    let policy = &config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy;
+    let policy = config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy();
 
     assert!(
         policy.can_read_path_with_cwd(expected_zsh.as_path(), &cwd),
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/connectors.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/connectors.rs
index 968b93214..4c710e3a3 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/connectors.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/connectors.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use codex_connectors::DirectoryListResponse;
 use codex_exec_server::EnvironmentManager;
 use codex_exec_server::EnvironmentManagerArgs;
 use codex_exec_server::ExecServerRuntimePaths;
-use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_tools::DiscoverableTool;
 use rmcp::model::ToolAnnotations;
 use serde::Deserialize;
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ pub async fn list_accessible_connectors_from_mcp_tools_with_environment_manager(
         &config.permissions.approval_policy,
         INITIAL_SUBMIT_ID.to_owned(),
         tx_event,
-        SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
+        PermissionProfile::default(),
         McpRuntimeEnvironment::new(environment, config.cwd.to_path_buf()),
         config.codex_home.to_path_buf(),
         codex_apps_tools_cache_key(auth.as_ref()),
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_skill_dependencies.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_skill_dependencies.rs
index c711d1a15..a97424f13 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_skill_dependencies.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_skill_dependencies.rs
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ async fn should_install_mcp_dependencies(
 ) -> bool {
     if mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(
         turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        turn_context.sandbox_policy.get(),
+        &turn_context.permission_profile(),
     ) {
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call.rs
index 7a76db9e4..b6646a338 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call.rs
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ async fn augment_mcp_tool_request_meta_with_sandbox_state(
 
     let sandbox_state = serde_json::to_value(SandboxState {
         permission_profile: Some(turn_context.permission_profile()),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         codex_linux_sandbox_exe: turn_context.codex_linux_sandbox_exe.clone(),
         sandbox_cwd: turn_context.cwd.to_path_buf(),
         use_legacy_landlock: turn_context.features.use_legacy_landlock(),
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ async fn maybe_request_mcp_tool_approval(
 ) -> Option<McpToolApprovalDecision> {
     if mcp_permission_prompt_is_auto_approved(
         turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        turn_context.sandbox_policy.get(),
+        &turn_context.permission_profile(),
     ) {
         return None;
     }
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call_tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call_tests.rs
index da0c54900..8b3f22770 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/mcp_tool_call_tests.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ use codex_config::types::McpServerToolConfig;
 use codex_hooks::Hooks;
 use codex_hooks::HooksConfig;
 use codex_model_provider::create_model_provider;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
-use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 use core_test_support::PathExt;
 use core_test_support::responses::ev_assistant_message;
 use core_test_support::responses::ev_completed;
@@ -2162,10 +2162,7 @@ async fn full_access_mode_skips_arc_monitor_for_all_approval_modes() {
         .approval_policy
         .set(AskForApproval::Never)
         .expect("test setup should allow updating approval policy");
-    turn_context
-        .sandbox_policy
-        .set(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess)
-        .expect("test setup should allow updating sandbox policy");
+    turn_context.permission_profile = PermissionProfile::Disabled;
     let mut config = (*turn_context.config).clone();
     config.chatgpt_base_url = server.uri();
     turn_context.config = Arc::new(config);
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/memories/tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/memories/tests.rs
index d56ceb1e5..f718c309a 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/memories/tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/memories/tests.rs
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ mod phase2 {
     use codex_login::CodexAuth;
     use codex_protocol::AgentPath;
     use codex_protocol::ThreadId;
+    use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
     use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxPolicy;
     use codex_protocol::permissions::NetworkSandboxPolicy;
     use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
@@ -482,8 +483,14 @@ mod phase2 {
                 codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf::from_absolute_path(codex_home.path())
                     .expect("codex home is absolute");
             config.cwd = config.codex_home.clone();
-            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::unrestricted();
-            config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy = NetworkSandboxPolicy::Enabled;
+            let permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions(
+                &FileSystemSandboxPolicy::unrestricted(),
+                NetworkSandboxPolicy::Enabled,
+            );
+            config
+                .permissions
+                .set_permission_profile(permission_profile, config.cwd.as_path())
+                .expect("permissions are configurable");
             configure(&mut config);
             let config = Arc::new(config);
 
@@ -712,14 +719,16 @@ mod phase2 {
             memory_root(&harness.config.codex_home).as_path()
         );
         match &config_snapshot.sandbox_policy {
-            SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
-                writable_roots,
-                network_access,
-                ..
-            } => {
+            SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite { network_access, .. } => {
                 assert!(!*network_access);
+                let effective_writable_roots: Vec<_> = config_snapshot
+                    .sandbox_policy
+                    .get_writable_roots_with_cwd(config_snapshot.cwd.as_path())
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|root| root.root)
+                    .collect();
                 pretty_assertions::assert_eq!(
-                    writable_roots.as_slice(),
+                    effective_writable_roots.as_slice(),
                     [memory_root(&harness.config.codex_home)],
                     "consolidation subagent should only be able to write the memory root"
                 );
@@ -740,34 +749,35 @@ mod phase2 {
             "memory consolidation should not be registered in the root collab agent registry"
         );
         let turn_context = subagent.codex.session.new_default_turn().await;
-        pretty_assertions::assert_eq!(
-            turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        let legacy_file_system_sandbox_policy =
             FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
                 &config_snapshot.sandbox_policy,
                 config_snapshot.cwd.as_path(),
+            );
+        assert!(
+            file_system_sandbox_policy.is_semantically_equivalent_to(
+                &legacy_file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                config_snapshot.cwd.as_path(),
             ),
             "consolidation subagent split filesystem policy should match the memory-root legacy policy"
         );
         assert!(
-            turn_context
-                .file_system_sandbox_policy
-                .can_write_path_with_cwd(
-                    memory_root(&harness.config.codex_home).as_path(),
-                    config_snapshot.cwd.as_path(),
-                ),
+            file_system_sandbox_policy.can_write_path_with_cwd(
+                memory_root(&harness.config.codex_home).as_path(),
+                config_snapshot.cwd.as_path(),
+            ),
             "consolidation subagent should be able to write the memory root"
         );
         assert!(
-            !turn_context
-                .file_system_sandbox_policy
-                .can_write_path_with_cwd(
-                    harness.config.codex_home.join("config.toml").as_path(),
-                    config_snapshot.cwd.as_path(),
-                ),
+            !file_system_sandbox_policy.can_write_path_with_cwd(
+                harness.config.codex_home.join("config.toml").as_path(),
+                config_snapshot.cwd.as_path(),
+            ),
             "consolidation subagent should not inherit codex_home write access"
         );
         pretty_assertions::assert_eq!(
-            turn_context.network_sandbox_policy,
+            turn_context.network_sandbox_policy(),
             NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
             "consolidation subagent split network policy should preserve no-network sandboxing"
         );
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/mcp.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/mcp.rs
index 99cdae53e..eae4608c4 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/mcp.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/mcp.rs
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ impl Session {
             &turn_context.approval_policy,
             turn_context.sub_id.clone(),
             self.get_tx_event(),
-            turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+            turn_context.permission_profile(),
             McpRuntimeEnvironment::new(
                 turn_context
                     .environment
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs
index 459d98549..3eb6fdddf 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/mod.rs
@@ -125,7 +125,6 @@ use codex_rollout::state_db;
 use codex_rollout_trace::AgentResultTracePayload;
 use codex_rollout_trace::ThreadStartedTraceMetadata;
 use codex_rollout_trace::ThreadTraceContext;
-use codex_sandboxing::compatibility_sandbox_policy_for_permission_profile;
 use codex_sandboxing::policy_transforms::intersect_permission_profiles;
 use codex_shell_command::parse_command::parse_command;
 use codex_terminal_detection::user_agent;
@@ -606,9 +605,6 @@ impl Codex {
             approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
             approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
             permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-            sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-            file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-            network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
             windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
             cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
             codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -939,8 +935,7 @@ impl Session {
             return;
         };
 
-        let spec = match spec
-            .recompute_for_sandbox_policy(session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get())
+        let spec = match spec.recompute_for_sandbox_policy(&session_configuration.sandbox_policy())
         {
             Ok(spec) => spec,
             Err(err) => {
@@ -1301,8 +1296,9 @@ impl Session {
             };
 
             let previous_cwd = state.session_configuration.cwd.clone();
-            let sandbox_policy_changed =
-                state.session_configuration.sandbox_policy != updated.sandbox_policy;
+            let previous_sandbox_policy = state.session_configuration.sandbox_policy();
+            let updated_sandbox_policy = updated.sandbox_policy();
+            let sandbox_policy_changed = previous_sandbox_policy != updated_sandbox_policy;
             let next_cwd = updated.cwd.clone();
             let codex_home = updated.codex_home.clone();
             let session_source = updated.session_source.clone();
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/review.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/review.rs
index 8df62ecc8..9401c2d0b 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/review.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/review.rs
@@ -129,9 +129,6 @@ pub(super) async fn spawn_review_thread(
         personality: parent_turn_context.personality,
         approval_policy: parent_turn_context.approval_policy.clone(),
         permission_profile: parent_turn_context.permission_profile(),
-        sandbox_policy: parent_turn_context.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: parent_turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: parent_turn_context.network_sandbox_policy,
         network: parent_turn_context.network.clone(),
         windows_sandbox_level: parent_turn_context.windows_sandbox_level,
         shell_environment_policy: parent_turn_context.shell_environment_policy.clone(),
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/rollout_reconstruction_tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/rollout_reconstruction_tests.rs
index 7b5674816..89345e2d3 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/rollout_reconstruction_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/rollout_reconstruction_tests.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_bare_turn_context_does_not_hydrate_previ
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_hydrates_previous_turn_settings_from_lif
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_turn_context_after_compaction_reestablis
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_turn_context_after_compaction_reestablis
             current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
             timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
             approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-            sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+            sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
             permission_profile: None,
             network: None,
             file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_aborted_turn_without_id_clears_active_tu
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_unmatched_abort_preserves_active_turn_fo
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_trailing_incomplete_turn_compaction_clea
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_resumed_replaced_incomplete_compacted_turn_clear
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/session.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/session.rs
index 2226cc04c..1c725745f 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/session.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/session.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 use crate::goals::GoalRuntimeState;
+use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemPath;
+use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSpecialPath;
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 
 /// Context for an initialized model agent
@@ -58,12 +60,6 @@ pub(crate) struct SessionConfiguration {
     pub(super) approvals_reviewer: ApprovalsReviewer,
     /// Canonical permission profile for the session.
     pub(super) permission_profile: Constrained<PermissionProfile>,
-    /// Legacy sandbox projection retained while lower-level callers migrate.
-    pub(super) sandbox_policy: Constrained<SandboxPolicy>,
-    /// Filesystem sandbox projection of `permission_profile`.
-    pub(super) file_system_sandbox_policy: FileSystemSandboxPolicy,
-    /// Network sandbox projection of `permission_profile`.
-    pub(super) network_sandbox_policy: NetworkSandboxPolicy,
     pub(super) windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel,
 
     /// Absolute working directory that should be treated as the *root* of the
@@ -102,12 +98,25 @@ impl SessionConfiguration {
     }
 
     pub(super) fn sandbox_policy(&self) -> SandboxPolicy {
-        self.sandbox_policy.get().clone()
+        self.permission_profile()
+            .to_legacy_sandbox_policy(&self.cwd)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                let file_system_sandbox_policy = self.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+                codex_sandboxing::compatibility_sandbox_policy_for_permission_profile(
+                    self.permission_profile.get(),
+                    &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                    self.network_sandbox_policy(),
+                    &self.cwd,
+                )
+            })
     }
 
-    #[cfg(test)]
     pub(super) fn file_system_sandbox_policy(&self) -> FileSystemSandboxPolicy {
-        self.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone()
+        self.permission_profile.get().file_system_sandbox_policy()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn network_sandbox_policy(&self) -> NetworkSandboxPolicy {
+        self.permission_profile.get().network_sandbox_policy()
     }
 
     pub(super) fn thread_config_snapshot(&self) -> ThreadConfigSnapshot {
@@ -129,11 +138,30 @@ impl SessionConfiguration {
 
     pub(crate) fn apply(&self, updates: &SessionSettingsUpdate) -> ConstraintResult<Self> {
         let mut next_configuration = self.clone();
-        let file_system_policy_matches_legacy = self.file_system_sandbox_policy
-            == FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-                self.sandbox_policy.get(),
+        let current_sandbox_policy = self.sandbox_policy();
+        let current_file_system_sandbox_policy = self.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        let current_network_sandbox_policy = self.network_sandbox_policy();
+        let legacy_file_system_projection =
+            FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_preserving_deny_entries(
+                &current_sandbox_policy,
                 &self.cwd,
+                &current_file_system_sandbox_policy,
             );
+        let file_system_policy_matches_legacy = current_file_system_sandbox_policy
+            .is_semantically_equivalent_to(&legacy_file_system_projection, &self.cwd);
+        let file_system_policy_has_rebindable_cwd_write = current_file_system_sandbox_policy
+            .entries
+            .iter()
+            .any(|entry| {
+                entry.access.can_write()
+                    && matches!(
+                        &entry.path,
+                        FileSystemPath::Special {
+                            value: FileSystemSpecialPath::CurrentWorkingDirectory
+                                | FileSystemSpecialPath::ProjectRoots { subpath: None },
+                        }
+                    )
+            });
         if let Some(collaboration_mode) = updates.collaboration_mode.clone() {
             next_configuration.collaboration_mode = collaboration_mode;
         }
@@ -181,42 +209,41 @@ impl SessionConfiguration {
         if let Some(permission_profile) = updates.permission_profile.clone() {
             next_configuration.set_permission_profile_projection(
                 permission_profile,
-                Some(&self.file_system_sandbox_policy),
+                Some(&current_file_system_sandbox_policy),
             )?;
         } else if let Some(sandbox_policy) = updates.sandbox_policy.clone() {
-            next_configuration.sandbox_policy.set(sandbox_policy)?;
-            next_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy =
+            let file_system_sandbox_policy =
                 FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_preserving_deny_entries(
-                    next_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
+                    &sandbox_policy,
                     &next_configuration.cwd,
-                    &self.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                    &current_file_system_sandbox_policy,
                 );
-            next_configuration.network_sandbox_policy =
-                NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(next_configuration.sandbox_policy.get());
+            let network_sandbox_policy = NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(&sandbox_policy);
             next_configuration.permission_profile.set(
                 PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
-                    SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(
-                        next_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
-                    ),
-                    &next_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                    next_configuration.network_sandbox_policy,
+                    SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(&sandbox_policy),
+                    &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                    network_sandbox_policy,
                 ),
             )?;
-        } else if cwd_changed && file_system_policy_matches_legacy {
+        } else if cwd_changed
+            && file_system_policy_matches_legacy
+            && file_system_policy_has_rebindable_cwd_write
+        {
             // Preserve richer split policies across cwd-only updates; only
-            // rederive when the session is already using the legacy bridge.
-            next_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-                FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-                    next_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
+            // rederive when the session is already using a structurally
+            // cwd-bound legacy bridge.
+            let file_system_sandbox_policy =
+                FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_preserving_deny_entries(
+                    &current_sandbox_policy,
                     &next_configuration.cwd,
+                    &current_file_system_sandbox_policy,
                 );
             next_configuration.permission_profile.set(
                 PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
-                    SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(
-                        next_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
-                    ),
-                    &next_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                    next_configuration.network_sandbox_policy,
+                    SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(&current_sandbox_policy),
+                    &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                    current_network_sandbox_policy,
                 ),
             )?;
         }
@@ -247,16 +274,7 @@ impl SessionConfiguration {
                 &file_system_sandbox_policy,
                 network_sandbox_policy,
             );
-        let sandbox_policy = compatibility_sandbox_policy_for_permission_profile(
-            &effective_permission_profile,
-            &file_system_sandbox_policy,
-            network_sandbox_policy,
-            self.cwd.as_path(),
-        );
         self.permission_profile.set(effective_permission_profile)?;
-        self.sandbox_policy.set(sandbox_policy)?;
-        self.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy;
-        self.network_sandbox_policy = network_sandbox_policy;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -487,7 +505,7 @@ impl Session {
                 model: session_configuration.collaboration_mode.model().to_string(),
                 provider_name: config.model_provider_id.clone(),
                 approval_policy: session_configuration.approval_policy.value().to_string(),
-                sandbox_policy: format!("{:?}", session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get()),
+                sandbox_policy: format!("{:?}", session_configuration.sandbox_policy()),
             };
             let rollout_thread_trace = if matches!(
                 session_configuration.session_source,
@@ -768,7 +786,7 @@ impl Session {
                 // setup is straightforward enough and performs well.
                 mcp_connection_manager: Arc::new(RwLock::new(McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(
                     &config.permissions.approval_policy,
-                    &config.permissions.sandbox_policy,
+                    &config.permissions.permission_profile,
                 ))),
                 mcp_startup_cancellation_token: Mutex::new(CancellationToken::new()),
                 unified_exec_manager: UnifiedExecProcessManager::new(
@@ -847,6 +865,7 @@ impl Session {
             // Dispatch the SessionConfiguredEvent first and then report any errors.
             // If resuming, include converted initial messages in the payload so UIs can render them immediately.
             let initial_messages = initial_history.get_event_msgs();
+            let session_sandbox_policy = session_configuration.sandbox_policy();
             let events = std::iter::once(Event {
                 id: INITIAL_SUBMIT_ID.to_owned(),
                 msg: EventMsg::SessionConfigured(SessionConfiguredEvent {
@@ -858,7 +877,7 @@ impl Session {
                     service_tier: session_configuration.service_tier,
                     approval_policy: session_configuration.approval_policy.value(),
                     approvals_reviewer: session_configuration.approvals_reviewer,
-                    sandbox_policy: session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+                    sandbox_policy: session_sandbox_policy.clone(),
                     permission_profile: Some(session_configuration.permission_profile()),
                     cwd: session_configuration.cwd.clone(),
                     reasoning_effort: session_configuration.collaboration_mode.reasoning_effort(),
@@ -867,7 +886,7 @@ impl Session {
                     initial_messages,
                     network_proxy: session_network_proxy.filter(|_| {
                         Self::managed_network_proxy_active_for_sandbox_policy(
-                            session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
+                            &session_sandbox_policy,
                         )
                     }),
                     rollout_path,
@@ -901,7 +920,7 @@ impl Session {
                 &session_configuration.approval_policy,
                 INITIAL_SUBMIT_ID.to_owned(),
                 tx_event.clone(),
-                session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+                session_configuration.permission_profile(),
                 McpRuntimeEnvironment::new(
                     sess.services
                         .environment_manager
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs
index 109c80666..0206ee460 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use codex_protocol::models::FileSystemPermissions;
 use codex_protocol::models::FunctionCallOutputBody;
 use codex_protocol::models::FunctionCallOutputPayload;
 use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
+use codex_protocol::models::SandboxEnforcement;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemAccessMode;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemPath;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxEntry;
@@ -779,11 +780,19 @@ async fn new_turn_refreshes_managed_network_proxy_for_sandbox_change() -> anyhow
         let mut state = session.state.lock().await;
         let mut config = (*state.session_configuration.original_config_do_not_use).clone();
         config.permissions.network = Some(spec);
-        config.permissions.sandbox_policy =
-            codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(initial_policy.clone());
+        let cwd = config.cwd.clone();
+        config
+            .permissions
+            .set_legacy_sandbox_policy(initial_policy.clone(), cwd.as_path())
+            .expect("test setup should allow sandbox policy");
         state.session_configuration.original_config_do_not_use = Arc::new(config);
-        state.session_configuration.sandbox_policy =
-            codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(initial_policy);
+        state
+            .session_configuration
+            .permission_profile
+            .set(PermissionProfile::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(
+                &initial_policy,
+            ))
+            .expect("test setup should allow permission profile");
     }
     session.services.network_proxy = Some(started_proxy);
 
@@ -829,6 +838,8 @@ async fn danger_full_access_turns_do_not_expose_managed_network_proxy() -> anyho
     let session = make_session_with_config(move |config| {
         config.permissions.sandbox_policy =
             codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess);
+        config.permissions.permission_profile =
+            codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::Disabled);
         config.permissions.network = Some(network_spec);
     })
     .await?;
@@ -892,6 +903,8 @@ async fn danger_full_access_tool_attempts_do_not_enforce_managed_network() -> an
     let session = make_session_with_config(move |config| {
         config.permissions.sandbox_policy =
             codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess);
+        config.permissions.permission_profile =
+            codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::Disabled);
         config.permissions.network = Some(network_spec);
 
         let layers = config
@@ -1492,12 +1505,10 @@ async fn session_configured_reports_permission_profile_for_external_sandbox() ->
     let expected_sandbox_policy = sandbox_policy.clone();
     let mut builder = test_codex().with_config(move |config| {
         config.permissions.sandbox_policy = codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(sandbox_policy);
-        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::external_sandbox();
-        config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy = NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted;
         config.permissions.permission_profile =
             codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions(
-                &config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
+                &FileSystemSandboxPolicy::external_sandbox(),
+                NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
             ));
     });
 
@@ -1654,7 +1665,7 @@ async fn record_initial_history_forked_hydrates_previous_turn_settings() {
         current_date: turn_context.current_date.clone(),
         timezone: turn_context.timezone.clone(),
         approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+        sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         permission_profile: None,
         network: None,
         file_system_sandbox_policy: None,
@@ -2253,9 +2264,6 @@ async fn set_rate_limits_retains_previous_credits() {
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
         approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
         permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-        sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
         windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
         codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -2358,9 +2366,6 @@ async fn set_rate_limits_updates_plan_type_when_present() {
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
         approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
         permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-        sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
         windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
         codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -2808,9 +2813,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn make_session_configuration_for_tests() -> SessionConfigurati
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
         approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
         permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-        sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
         windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
         codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -2840,7 +2842,7 @@ fn turn_environments_for_tests(
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn session_configuration_apply_preserves_split_file_system_policy_on_cwd_only_update() {
+async fn session_configuration_apply_preserves_profile_file_system_policy_on_cwd_only_update() {
     let mut session_configuration = make_session_configuration_for_tests().await;
     let workspace = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create temp dir");
     let project_root = workspace.path().join("project");
@@ -2850,14 +2852,13 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_preserves_split_file_system_policy_on_cwd_o
     let docs_dir = docs_dir.abs();
 
     session_configuration.cwd = original_cwd.abs();
-    session_configuration.sandbox_policy =
-        codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
-            writable_roots: Vec::new(),
-            network_access: false,
-            exclude_tmpdir_env_var: true,
-            exclude_slash_tmp: true,
-        });
-    session_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(vec![
+    let sandbox_policy = SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
+        writable_roots: Vec::new(),
+        network_access: false,
+        exclude_tmpdir_env_var: true,
+        exclude_slash_tmp: true,
+    };
+    let file_system_sandbox_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(vec![
         FileSystemSandboxEntry {
             path: FileSystemPath::Special {
                 value: FileSystemSpecialPath::CurrentWorkingDirectory,
@@ -2869,6 +2870,14 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_preserves_split_file_system_policy_on_cwd_o
             access: FileSystemAccessMode::Read,
         },
     ]);
+    let network_sandbox_policy = NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(&sandbox_policy);
+    session_configuration.permission_profile = codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(
+        PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
+            SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(&sandbox_policy),
+            &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            network_sandbox_policy,
+        ),
+    );
 
     let updated = session_configuration
         .apply(&SessionSettingsUpdate {
@@ -2878,8 +2887,8 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_preserves_split_file_system_policy_on_cwd_o
         .expect("cwd-only update should succeed");
 
     assert_eq!(
-        updated.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-        session_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy
+        updated.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
+        file_system_sandbox_policy
     );
 }
 
@@ -2890,8 +2899,6 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_permission_profile_preserves_existing_deny_
     session_configuration.cwd = cwd.path().abs();
 
     let workspace_policy = SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy();
-    session_configuration.sandbox_policy =
-        codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(workspace_policy.clone());
     let deny_entry = FileSystemSandboxEntry {
         path: FileSystemPath::GlobPattern {
             pattern: "**/*.env".to_string(),
@@ -2905,7 +2912,13 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_permission_profile_preserves_existing_deny_
         );
     existing_file_system_policy.glob_scan_max_depth = Some(2);
     existing_file_system_policy.entries.push(deny_entry.clone());
-    session_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy = existing_file_system_policy;
+    session_configuration.permission_profile = codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(
+        PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
+            SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(&workspace_policy),
+            &existing_file_system_policy,
+            NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+        ),
+    );
 
     let requested_file_system_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
         &workspace_policy,
@@ -2926,7 +2939,7 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_permission_profile_preserves_existing_deny_
     expected_file_system_policy.glob_scan_max_depth = Some(2);
     expected_file_system_policy.entries.push(deny_entry);
     assert_eq!(
-        updated.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        updated.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         expected_file_system_policy
     );
 }
@@ -3070,18 +3083,23 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_rederives_legacy_file_system_policy_on_cwd_
     let project_root = workspace.path().join("project");
     let original_cwd = project_root.join("subdir");
     session_configuration.cwd = original_cwd.abs();
-    session_configuration.sandbox_policy =
-        codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
-            writable_roots: Vec::new(),
-            network_access: false,
-            exclude_tmpdir_env_var: true,
-            exclude_slash_tmp: true,
-        });
-    session_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-        FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-            session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
-            &session_configuration.cwd,
-        );
+    let sandbox_policy = SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
+        writable_roots: Vec::new(),
+        network_access: false,
+        exclude_tmpdir_env_var: true,
+        exclude_slash_tmp: true,
+    };
+    let file_system_sandbox_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
+        &sandbox_policy,
+        &session_configuration.cwd,
+    );
+    session_configuration.permission_profile = codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(
+        PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
+            SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(&sandbox_policy),
+            &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(&sandbox_policy),
+        ),
+    );
 
     let updated = session_configuration
         .apply(&SessionSettingsUpdate {
@@ -3090,12 +3108,73 @@ async fn session_configuration_apply_rederives_legacy_file_system_policy_on_cwd_
         })
         .expect("cwd-only update should succeed");
 
+    let expected_file_system_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
+        &updated.sandbox_policy(),
+        &project_root,
+    );
+    assert!(
+        updated
+            .file_system_sandbox_policy()
+            .is_semantically_equivalent_to(&expected_file_system_policy, &project_root),
+        "cwd-only update should rederive the legacy filesystem policy for the new cwd"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn session_configuration_apply_preserves_absolute_cwd_write_root_on_cwd_update() {
+    let mut session_configuration = make_session_configuration_for_tests().await;
+    let workspace = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create temp dir");
+    let original_cwd = workspace.path().join("repo-a");
+    let next_cwd = workspace.path().join("repo-b");
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&original_cwd).expect("create original cwd");
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&next_cwd).expect("create next cwd");
+    let original_cwd = original_cwd.abs();
+
+    session_configuration.cwd = original_cwd.clone();
+    let file_system_sandbox_policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(vec![
+        FileSystemSandboxEntry {
+            path: FileSystemPath::Special {
+                value: FileSystemSpecialPath::Root,
+            },
+            access: FileSystemAccessMode::Read,
+        },
+        FileSystemSandboxEntry {
+            path: FileSystemPath::Path {
+                path: original_cwd.clone(),
+            },
+            access: FileSystemAccessMode::Write,
+        },
+    ]);
+    session_configuration.permission_profile = codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(
+        PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
+            SandboxEnforcement::Managed,
+            &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+        ),
+    );
+
+    let updated = session_configuration
+        .apply(&SessionSettingsUpdate {
+            cwd: Some(next_cwd.clone()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .expect("cwd-only update should succeed");
+
     assert_eq!(
-        updated.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-        FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-            updated.sandbox_policy.get(),
-            &project_root,
-        )
+        updated.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
+        file_system_sandbox_policy
+    );
+    assert!(
+        updated
+            .file_system_sandbox_policy()
+            .can_write_path_with_cwd(original_cwd.as_path(), updated.cwd.as_path()),
+        "absolute grant to the old cwd must remain writable"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        !updated
+            .file_system_sandbox_policy()
+            .can_write_path_with_cwd(next_cwd.as_path(), updated.cwd.as_path()),
+        "cwd-only update must not reinterpret an absolute old-cwd grant as :cwd"
     );
 }
 
@@ -3170,9 +3249,6 @@ async fn session_new_fails_when_zsh_fork_enabled_without_zsh_path() {
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
         approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
         permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-        sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
         windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
         codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -3277,9 +3353,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn make_session_and_context() -> (Session, TurnContext) {
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
         approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
         permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-        sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
         windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
         codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -3325,7 +3398,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn make_session_and_context() -> (Session, TurnContext) {
     let services = SessionServices {
         mcp_connection_manager: Arc::new(RwLock::new(McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(
             &config.permissions.approval_policy,
-            &config.permissions.sandbox_policy,
+            &config.permissions.permission_profile,
         ))),
         mcp_startup_cancellation_token: Mutex::new(CancellationToken::new()),
         unified_exec_manager: UnifiedExecProcessManager::new(
@@ -3492,9 +3565,6 @@ async fn make_session_with_config_and_rx(
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
         approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
         permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-        sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
         windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
         codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -4642,9 +4712,6 @@ where
         approval_policy: config.permissions.approval_policy.clone(),
         approvals_reviewer: config.approvals_reviewer,
         permission_profile: config.permissions.permission_profile.clone(),
-        sandbox_policy: config.permissions.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        file_system_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-        network_sandbox_policy: config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
         windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel::from_config(&config),
         cwd: config.cwd.clone(),
         codex_home: config.codex_home.clone(),
@@ -4690,7 +4757,7 @@ where
     let services = SessionServices {
         mcp_connection_manager: Arc::new(RwLock::new(McpConnectionManager::new_uninitialized(
             &config.permissions.approval_policy,
-            &config.permissions.sandbox_policy,
+            &config.permissions.permission_profile,
         ))),
         mcp_startup_cancellation_token: Mutex::new(CancellationToken::new()),
         unified_exec_manager: UnifiedExecProcessManager::new(
@@ -5572,7 +5639,7 @@ async fn build_initial_context_restates_realtime_start_when_reference_context_is
 
 fn file_system_policy_with_unreadable_glob(turn_context: &TurnContext) -> FileSystemSandboxPolicy {
     let mut policy = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-        turn_context.sandbox_policy.get(),
+        &turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         &turn_context.cwd,
     );
     policy.entries.push(FileSystemSandboxEntry {
@@ -5586,12 +5653,7 @@ fn file_system_policy_with_unreadable_glob(turn_context: &TurnContext) -> FileSy
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn turn_context_item_omits_legacy_equivalent_file_system_sandbox_policy() {
-    let (_session, mut turn_context) = make_session_and_context().await;
-    turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-        FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-            turn_context.sandbox_policy.get(),
-            &turn_context.cwd,
-        );
+    let (_session, turn_context) = make_session_and_context().await;
 
     let item = turn_context.to_turn_context_item();
 
@@ -5606,7 +5668,11 @@ async fn turn_context_item_omits_legacy_equivalent_file_system_sandbox_policy()
 async fn turn_context_item_stores_split_file_system_sandbox_policy_when_different() {
     let (_session, mut turn_context) = make_session_and_context().await;
     let file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_policy_with_unreadable_glob(&turn_context);
-    turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy.clone();
+    turn_context.permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
+        turn_context.permission_profile.enforcement(),
+        &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        turn_context.network_sandbox_policy(),
+    );
 
     let item = turn_context.to_turn_context_item();
 
@@ -5743,7 +5809,11 @@ async fn record_context_updates_and_set_reference_context_item_persists_split_fi
  {
     let (mut session, mut turn_context) = make_session_and_context().await;
     let file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_policy_with_unreadable_glob(&turn_context);
-    turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy.clone();
+    turn_context.permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
+        turn_context.permission_profile.enforcement(),
+        &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        turn_context.network_sandbox_policy(),
+    );
     let rollout_path = attach_thread_persistence(&mut session).await;
 
     session
@@ -7674,7 +7744,6 @@ async fn rejects_escalated_permissions_when_policy_not_on_request() {
     use crate::tools::sandboxing::ExecApprovalRequirement;
     use crate::turn_diff_tracker::TurnDiffTracker;
     use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
-    use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
     let (session, mut turn_context_raw) = make_session_and_context().await;
@@ -7761,23 +7830,18 @@ async fn rejects_escalated_permissions_when_policy_not_on_request() {
     // command. Force DangerFullAccess so this check stays focused on approval
     // policy rather than platform-specific sandbox behavior.
     let turn_context_mut = Arc::get_mut(&mut turn_context).expect("unique turn context Arc");
-    turn_context_mut
-        .sandbox_policy
-        .set(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess)
-        .expect("test setup should allow updating sandbox policy");
-    turn_context_mut.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-        FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from(turn_context_mut.sandbox_policy.get());
-    turn_context_mut.network_sandbox_policy =
-        NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(turn_context_mut.sandbox_policy.get());
+    turn_context_mut.permission_profile = PermissionProfile::Disabled;
 
+    let file_system_sandbox_policy = turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+    let sandbox_policy = turn_context.sandbox_policy();
     let exec_approval_requirement = session
         .services
         .exec_policy
         .create_exec_approval_requirement_for_command(ExecApprovalRequest {
             command: &params.command,
             approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-            sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get(),
-            file_system_sandbox_policy: &turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            sandbox_policy: &sandbox_policy,
+            file_system_sandbox_policy: &file_system_sandbox_policy,
             sandbox_permissions: SandboxPermissions::UseDefault,
             prefix_rule: None,
         })
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests/guardian_tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests/guardian_tests.rs
index f527182fd..d76660b29 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests/guardian_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/tests/guardian_tests.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ use codex_protocol::models::ContentItem;
 use codex_protocol::models::NetworkPermissions;
 use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
 use codex_protocol::models::function_call_output_content_items_to_text;
-use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxPolicy;
-use codex_protocol::permissions::NetworkSandboxPolicy;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::request_permissions::PermissionGrantScope;
 use codex_protocol::request_permissions::RequestPermissionProfile;
@@ -274,17 +272,7 @@ async fn guardian_allows_shell_additional_permissions_requests_past_policy_valid
         .features
         .enable(Feature::ExecPermissionApprovals)
         .expect("test setup should allow enabling request permissions");
-    turn_context_raw
-        .sandbox_policy
-        .set(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess)
-        .expect("test setup should allow updating sandbox policy");
-    // This test is about request-permissions validation, not managed sandbox
-    // policy enforcement. Widen the derived sandbox policies directly so the
-    // command runs without depending on a platform sandbox binary.
-    turn_context_raw.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-        FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from(turn_context_raw.sandbox_policy.get());
-    turn_context_raw.network_sandbox_policy =
-        NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(turn_context_raw.sandbox_policy.get());
+    turn_context_raw.permission_profile = codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile::Disabled;
     let mut config = (*turn_context_raw.config).clone();
     config.model_provider.base_url = Some(format!("{}/v1", server.uri()));
     let config = Arc::new(config);
@@ -429,14 +417,7 @@ async fn strict_auto_review_turn_grant_forces_guardian_for_shell_policy_skip() {
         .approval_policy
         .set(AskForApproval::OnFailure)
         .expect("test setup should allow updating approval policy");
-    turn_context_raw
-        .sandbox_policy
-        .set(SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess)
-        .expect("test setup should allow updating sandbox policy");
-    turn_context_raw.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-        FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from(turn_context_raw.sandbox_policy.get());
-    turn_context_raw.network_sandbox_policy =
-        NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(turn_context_raw.sandbox_policy.get());
+    turn_context_raw.permission_profile = codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile::Disabled;
     let mut config = (*turn_context_raw.config).clone();
     config.approvals_reviewer = ApprovalsReviewer::User;
     config.model_provider.base_url = Some(format!("{}/v1", server.uri()));
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn.rs
index 2577ec47d..827053f0f 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn.rs
@@ -692,13 +692,13 @@ async fn track_turn_resolved_config_analytics(
             session_source: thread_config.session_source,
             model: turn_context.model_info.slug.clone(),
             model_provider: turn_context.config.model_provider_id.clone(),
-            sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+            sandbox_policy: turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
             reasoning_effort: turn_context.reasoning_effort,
             reasoning_summary: Some(turn_context.reasoning_summary),
             service_tier: turn_context.config.service_tier,
             approval_policy: turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
             approvals_reviewer: turn_context.config.approvals_reviewer,
-            sandbox_network_access: turn_context.network_sandbox_policy.is_enabled(),
+            sandbox_network_access: turn_context.network_sandbox_policy().is_enabled(),
             collaboration_mode: turn_context.collaboration_mode.mode,
             personality: turn_context.personality,
             is_first_turn,
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ async fn try_run_sampling_request(
     feedback_tags!(
         model = turn_context.model_info.slug.clone(),
         approval_policy = turn_context.approval_policy.value(),
-        sandbox_policy = turn_context.sandbox_policy.get(),
+        sandbox_policy = &turn_context.sandbox_policy(),
         effort = turn_context.reasoning_effort,
         auth_mode = sess.services.auth_manager.auth_mode(),
         features = sess.features.enabled_features(),
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn_context.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn_context.rs
index e5916a935..3cdaad2b4 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn_context.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/session/turn_context.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use codex_model_provider::SharedModelProvider;
 use codex_model_provider::create_model_provider;
 use codex_protocol::models::AdditionalPermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::TurnEnvironmentSelection;
+use codex_sandboxing::compatibility_sandbox_policy_for_permission_profile;
 use codex_sandboxing::policy_transforms::effective_file_system_sandbox_policy;
 use codex_sandboxing::policy_transforms::effective_network_sandbox_policy;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
@@ -73,9 +74,6 @@ pub(crate) struct TurnContext {
     pub(crate) personality: Option<Personality>,
     pub(crate) approval_policy: Constrained<AskForApproval>,
     pub(crate) permission_profile: PermissionProfile,
-    pub(crate) sandbox_policy: Constrained<SandboxPolicy>,
-    pub(crate) file_system_sandbox_policy: FileSystemSandboxPolicy,
-    pub(crate) network_sandbox_policy: NetworkSandboxPolicy,
     pub(crate) network: Option<NetworkProxy>,
     pub(crate) windows_sandbox_level: WindowsSandboxLevel,
     pub(crate) shell_environment_policy: ShellEnvironmentPolicy,
@@ -99,6 +97,25 @@ impl TurnContext {
         self.permission_profile.clone()
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn file_system_sandbox_policy(&self) -> FileSystemSandboxPolicy {
+        self.permission_profile.file_system_sandbox_policy()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn network_sandbox_policy(&self) -> NetworkSandboxPolicy {
+        self.permission_profile.network_sandbox_policy()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn sandbox_policy(&self) -> SandboxPolicy {
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = self.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        let network_sandbox_policy = self.network_sandbox_policy();
+        compatibility_sandbox_policy_for_permission_profile(
+            &self.permission_profile,
+            &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            network_sandbox_policy,
+            &self.cwd,
+        )
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn model_context_window(&self) -> Option<i64> {
         let effective_context_window_percent = self.model_info.effective_context_window_percent;
         self.model_info
@@ -210,9 +227,6 @@ impl TurnContext {
             personality: self.personality,
             approval_policy: self.approval_policy.clone(),
             permission_profile: self.permission_profile.clone(),
-            sandbox_policy: self.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-            file_system_sandbox_policy: self.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-            network_sandbox_policy: self.network_sandbox_policy,
             network: self.network.clone(),
             windows_sandbox_level: self.windows_sandbox_level,
             shell_environment_policy: self.shell_environment_policy.clone(),
@@ -246,12 +260,14 @@ impl TurnContext {
         &self,
         additional_permissions: Option<AdditionalPermissionProfile>,
     ) -> FileSystemSandboxContext {
+        let (base_file_system_sandbox_policy, base_network_sandbox_policy) =
+            self.permission_profile.to_runtime_permissions();
         let file_system_sandbox_policy = effective_file_system_sandbox_policy(
-            &self.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+            &base_file_system_sandbox_policy,
             additional_permissions.as_ref(),
         );
         let network_sandbox_policy = effective_network_sandbox_policy(
-            self.network_sandbox_policy,
+            base_network_sandbox_policy,
             additional_permissions.as_ref(),
         );
         let permissions = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
@@ -278,11 +294,12 @@ impl TurnContext {
         // this comparison and the legacy projection should go away.
         let legacy_file_system_sandbox_policy =
             FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-                self.sandbox_policy.get(),
+                &self.sandbox_policy(),
                 &self.cwd,
             );
-        (self.file_system_sandbox_policy != legacy_file_system_sandbox_policy)
-            .then(|| self.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone())
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = self.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        (file_system_sandbox_policy != legacy_file_system_sandbox_policy)
+            .then_some(file_system_sandbox_policy)
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn compact_prompt(&self) -> &str {
@@ -299,7 +316,7 @@ impl TurnContext {
             current_date: self.current_date.clone(),
             timezone: self.timezone.clone(),
             approval_policy: self.approval_policy.value(),
-            sandbox_policy: self.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
+            sandbox_policy: self.sandbox_policy(),
             permission_profile: Some(self.permission_profile()),
             network: self.turn_context_network_item(),
             file_system_sandbox_policy: self.non_legacy_file_system_sandbox_policy(),
@@ -366,15 +383,11 @@ impl Session {
         per_turn_config.approvals_reviewer = session_configuration.approvals_reviewer;
         per_turn_config.permissions.permission_profile =
             session_configuration.permission_profile.clone();
-        per_turn_config.permissions.sandbox_policy = session_configuration.sandbox_policy.clone();
-        per_turn_config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-            session_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone();
-        per_turn_config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy =
-            session_configuration.network_sandbox_policy;
-        let resolved_web_search_mode = resolve_web_search_mode_for_turn(
-            &per_turn_config.web_search_mode,
-            session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
-        );
+        let sandbox_policy = session_configuration.sandbox_policy();
+        per_turn_config.permissions.sandbox_policy =
+            Constrained::allow_only(sandbox_policy.clone());
+        let resolved_web_search_mode =
+            resolve_web_search_mode_for_turn(&per_turn_config.web_search_mode, &sandbox_policy);
         if let Err(err) = per_turn_config
             .web_search_mode
             .set(resolved_web_search_mode)
@@ -489,9 +502,6 @@ impl Session {
             personality: session_configuration.personality,
             approval_policy: session_configuration.approval_policy.clone(),
             permission_profile: session_configuration.permission_profile(),
-            sandbox_policy: session_configuration.sandbox_policy.clone(),
-            file_system_sandbox_policy: session_configuration.file_system_sandbox_policy.clone(),
-            network_sandbox_policy: session_configuration.network_sandbox_policy,
             network,
             windows_sandbox_level: session_configuration.windows_sandbox_level,
             shell_environment_policy: per_turn_config.permissions.shell_environment_policy.clone(),
@@ -528,8 +538,9 @@ impl Session {
                     let turn_environments =
                         self.resolve_turn_environments(&effective_environments)?;
                     let previous_cwd = state.session_configuration.cwd.clone();
-                    let sandbox_policy_changed =
-                        state.session_configuration.sandbox_policy != next.sandbox_policy;
+                    let previous_sandbox_policy = state.session_configuration.sandbox_policy();
+                    let next_sandbox_policy = next.sandbox_policy();
+                    let sandbox_policy_changed = previous_sandbox_policy != next_sandbox_policy;
                     let codex_home = next.codex_home.clone();
                     let session_source = next.session_source.clone();
                     state.session_configuration = next.clone();
@@ -635,7 +646,8 @@ impl Session {
         {
             let mcp_connection_manager = self.services.mcp_connection_manager.read().await;
             mcp_connection_manager.set_approval_policy(&session_configuration.approval_policy);
-            mcp_connection_manager.set_sandbox_policy(session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get());
+            mcp_connection_manager
+                .set_permission_profile(session_configuration.permission_profile());
         }
 
         let model_info = self
@@ -680,7 +692,7 @@ impl Session {
                 .as_ref()
                 .and_then(|started_proxy| {
                     Self::managed_network_proxy_active_for_sandbox_policy(
-                        session_configuration.sandbox_policy.get(),
+                        &session_configuration.sandbox_policy(),
                     )
                     .then(|| started_proxy.proxy())
                 }),
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/apply_patch.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/apply_patch.rs
index 9d63ad0a8..7c1b7a92f 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/apply_patch.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/apply_patch.rs
@@ -272,8 +272,9 @@ async fn effective_patch_permissions(
         session.granted_session_permissions().await.as_ref(),
         session.granted_turn_permissions().await.as_ref(),
     );
+    let base_file_system_sandbox_policy = turn.file_system_sandbox_policy();
     let file_system_sandbox_policy = effective_file_system_sandbox_policy(
-        &turn.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        &base_file_system_sandbox_policy,
         granted_permissions.as_ref(),
     );
     let effective_additional_permissions = apply_granted_turn_permissions(
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/list_dir.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/list_dir.rs
index 22909c1d1..047906003 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/list_dir.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/list_dir.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ impl ToolHandler for ListDirHandler {
                 "dir_path must be an absolute path".to_string(),
             ));
         }
-        let read_deny_matcher = ReadDenyMatcher::new(&turn.file_system_sandbox_policy, &turn.cwd);
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = turn.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        let read_deny_matcher = ReadDenyMatcher::new(&file_system_sandbox_policy, &turn.cwd);
         if read_deny_matcher
             .as_ref()
             .is_some_and(|matcher| matcher.is_read_denied(&path))
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/multi_agents_tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/multi_agents_tests.rs
index 5f2c6b096..705a9ecb4 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/multi_agents_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/multi_agents_tests.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ use codex_protocol::openai_models::ReasoningEffort;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AgentStatus;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::EventMsg;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::FileSystemAccessMode;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::FileSystemPath;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::FileSystemSandboxEntry;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::FileSystemSandboxPolicy;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::InitialHistory;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::InterAgentCommunication;
@@ -2074,21 +2077,6 @@ async fn multi_agent_v2_spawn_surfaces_task_name_validation_errors() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn spawn_agent_reapplies_runtime_sandbox_after_role_config() {
-    fn pick_allowed_sandbox_policy(
-        constraint: &crate::config::Constrained<SandboxPolicy>,
-        base: SandboxPolicy,
-    ) -> SandboxPolicy {
-        let candidates = [
-            SandboxPolicy::DangerFullAccess,
-            SandboxPolicy::new_workspace_write_policy(),
-            SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy(),
-        ];
-        candidates
-            .into_iter()
-            .find(|candidate| *candidate != base && constraint.can_set(candidate).is_ok())
-            .unwrap_or(base)
-    }
-
     #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
     struct SpawnAgentResult {
         agent_id: String,
@@ -2098,12 +2086,17 @@ async fn spawn_agent_reapplies_runtime_sandbox_after_role_config() {
     let (mut session, mut turn) = make_session_and_context().await;
     let manager = thread_manager();
     session.services.agent_control = manager.agent_control();
-    let expected_sandbox = pick_allowed_sandbox_policy(
-        &turn.config.permissions.sandbox_policy,
-        turn.config.permissions.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
-    );
-    let expected_file_system_sandbox_policy =
+    let expected_sandbox = turn.config.permissions.sandbox_policy.get().clone();
+    let mut expected_file_system_sandbox_policy =
         FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(&expected_sandbox, &turn.cwd);
+    expected_file_system_sandbox_policy
+        .entries
+        .push(FileSystemSandboxEntry {
+            path: FileSystemPath::GlobPattern {
+                pattern: "**/.env".to_string(),
+            },
+            access: FileSystemAccessMode::None,
+        });
     let expected_network_sandbox_policy = NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(&expected_sandbox);
     let expected_permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
         SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(&expected_sandbox),
@@ -2113,16 +2106,11 @@ async fn spawn_agent_reapplies_runtime_sandbox_after_role_config() {
     turn.approval_policy
         .set(AskForApproval::OnRequest)
         .expect("approval policy should be set");
-    turn.sandbox_policy
-        .set(expected_sandbox.clone())
-        .expect("sandbox policy should be set");
-    turn.file_system_sandbox_policy = expected_file_system_sandbox_policy.clone();
-    turn.network_sandbox_policy = expected_network_sandbox_policy;
     turn.permission_profile = expected_permission_profile.clone();
     assert_ne!(
-        expected_sandbox,
-        turn.config.permissions.sandbox_policy.get().clone(),
-        "test requires a runtime sandbox override that differs from base config"
+        expected_permission_profile,
+        turn.config.permissions.permission_profile(),
+        "test requires a runtime profile override that differs from base config"
     );
 
     let invocation = invocation(
@@ -2164,11 +2152,11 @@ async fn spawn_agent_reapplies_runtime_sandbox_after_role_config() {
         .expect("spawned agent thread should exist");
     let child_turn = child_thread.codex.session.new_default_turn().await;
     assert_eq!(
-        child_turn.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+        child_turn.file_system_sandbox_policy(),
         expected_file_system_sandbox_policy
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        child_turn.network_sandbox_policy,
+        child_turn.network_sandbox_policy(),
         expected_network_sandbox_policy
     );
     assert_eq!(child_turn.permission_profile(), expected_permission_profile);
@@ -3637,11 +3625,6 @@ async fn build_agent_spawn_config_uses_turn_context_values() {
         &file_system_sandbox_policy,
         network_sandbox_policy,
     );
-    turn.sandbox_policy
-        .set(sandbox_policy)
-        .expect("sandbox policy set");
-    turn.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy;
-    turn.network_sandbox_policy = network_sandbox_policy;
     turn.permission_profile = permission_profile.clone();
     turn.approval_policy
         .set(AskForApproval::OnRequest)
@@ -3718,7 +3701,7 @@ async fn build_agent_resume_config_clears_base_instructions() {
     expected
         .permissions
         .sandbox_policy
-        .set(turn.sandbox_policy.get().clone())
+        .set(turn.sandbox_policy())
         .expect("sandbox policy set");
     assert_eq!(config, expected);
 }
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/shell.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/shell.rs
index 17daaa738..b43fab30b 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/shell.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/handlers/shell.rs
@@ -513,14 +513,16 @@ impl ShellHandler {
         );
         emitter.begin(event_ctx).await;
 
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = turn.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        let sandbox_policy = turn.sandbox_policy();
         let exec_approval_requirement = session
             .services
             .exec_policy
             .create_exec_approval_requirement_for_command(ExecApprovalRequest {
                 command: &exec_params.command,
                 approval_policy: turn.approval_policy.value(),
-                sandbox_policy: turn.sandbox_policy.get(),
-                file_system_sandbox_policy: &turn.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                sandbox_policy: &sandbox_policy,
+                file_system_sandbox_policy: &file_system_sandbox_policy,
                 sandbox_permissions: if effective_additional_permissions.permissions_preapproved {
                     codex_protocol::models::SandboxPermissions::UseDefault
                 } else {
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/network_approval.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/network_approval.rs
index 888add09f..af0331700 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/network_approval.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/network_approval.rs
@@ -359,7 +359,8 @@ impl NetworkApprovalService {
             .await;
             return NetworkDecision::deny(REASON_NOT_ALLOWED);
         };
-        if !sandbox_policy_allows_network_approval_flow(turn_context.sandbox_policy.get()) {
+        let sandbox_policy = turn_context.sandbox_policy();
+        if !sandbox_policy_allows_network_approval_flow(&sandbox_policy) {
             pending.set_decision(PendingApprovalDecision::Deny).await;
             self.pending_host_approvals.lock().await.remove(&key);
             self.record_outcome_for_single_active_call(NetworkApprovalOutcome::DeniedByPolicy(
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/orchestrator.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/orchestrator.rs
index 6621756c1..0b59215f2 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/orchestrator.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/orchestrator.rs
@@ -122,8 +122,10 @@ impl ToolOrchestrator {
         // 1) Approval
         let mut already_approved = false;
 
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = turn_ctx.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        let network_sandbox_policy = turn_ctx.network_sandbox_policy();
         let requirement = tool.exec_approval_requirement(req).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            default_exec_approval_requirement(approval_policy, &turn_ctx.file_system_sandbox_policy)
+            default_exec_approval_requirement(approval_policy, &file_system_sandbox_policy)
         });
         match requirement {
             ExecApprovalRequirement::Skip { .. } => {
@@ -194,8 +196,8 @@ impl ToolOrchestrator {
         let initial_sandbox = match tool.sandbox_mode_for_first_attempt(req) {
             SandboxOverride::BypassSandboxFirstAttempt => SandboxType::None,
             SandboxOverride::NoOverride => self.sandbox.select_initial(
-                &turn_ctx.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                turn_ctx.network_sandbox_policy,
+                &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                network_sandbox_policy,
                 tool.sandbox_preference(),
                 turn_ctx.windows_sandbox_level,
                 managed_network_active,
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ impl ToolOrchestrator {
                             && matches!(
                                 default_exec_approval_requirement(
                                     approval_policy,
-                                    &turn_ctx.file_system_sandbox_policy
+                                    &file_system_sandbox_policy
                                 ),
                                 ExecApprovalRequirement::NeedsApproval { .. }
                             );
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/shell/unix_escalation_tests.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/shell/unix_escalation_tests.rs
index 927d1b1ce..b02ad0877 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/shell/unix_escalation_tests.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/tools/runtimes/shell/unix_escalation_tests.rs
@@ -390,11 +390,12 @@ async fn execve_permission_request_hook_short_circuits_prompt() -> anyhow::Resul
         ..HooksConfig::default()
     });
 
-    let sandbox_policy = SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy();
     turn_context.approval_policy = Constrained::allow_any(AskForApproval::OnRequest);
-    turn_context.sandbox_policy = Constrained::allow_any(sandbox_policy.clone());
-    turn_context.file_system_sandbox_policy = read_only_file_system_sandbox_policy();
-    turn_context.network_sandbox_policy = NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted;
+    turn_context.permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions(
+        &read_only_file_system_sandbox_policy(),
+        NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+    );
+    let sandbox_policy = SandboxPolicy::new_read_only_policy();
 
     let workdir = AbsolutePathBuf::try_from(std::env::current_dir()?)?;
     let target = std::env::temp_dir().join("execve-hook-short-circuit.txt");
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/process_manager.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/process_manager.rs
index ec0b00cf5..bd4452ce1 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/process_manager.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/process_manager.rs
@@ -788,6 +788,8 @@ impl UnifiedExecProcessManager {
             self,
             context.turn.tools_config.unified_exec_shell_mode.clone(),
         );
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = context.turn.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        let sandbox_policy = context.turn.sandbox_policy();
         let exec_approval_requirement = context
             .session
             .services
@@ -795,8 +797,8 @@ impl UnifiedExecProcessManager {
             .create_exec_approval_requirement_for_command(ExecApprovalRequest {
                 command: &request.command,
                 approval_policy: context.turn.approval_policy.value(),
-                sandbox_policy: context.turn.sandbox_policy.get(),
-                file_system_sandbox_policy: &context.turn.file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                sandbox_policy: &sandbox_policy,
+                file_system_sandbox_policy: &file_system_sandbox_policy,
                 sandbox_permissions: if request.additional_permissions_preapproved {
                     crate::sandboxing::SandboxPermissions::UseDefault
                 } else {
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/tools.rs b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/tools.rs
index 2391e35fd..46bedff36 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/tools.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/tools.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ use codex_config::types::McpServerConfig;
 use codex_config::types::McpServerTransportConfig;
 use codex_core::sandboxing::SandboxPermissions;
 use codex_features::Feature;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemAccessMode;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemPath;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxEntry;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxPolicy;
+use codex_protocol::permissions::NetworkSandboxPolicy;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::TurnEnvironmentSelection;
@@ -560,7 +562,11 @@ async fn shell_enforces_glob_deny_read_policy() -> Result<()> {
                     },
                     access: FileSystemAccessMode::None,
                 });
-            config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy;
+            config.permissions.permission_profile =
+                Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions(
+                    &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                    NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+                ));
         });
     let fixture = builder.build(&server).await?;
 
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/unified_exec.rs b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/unified_exec.rs
index ab7011039..67226ef20 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/unified_exec.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/unified_exec.rs
@@ -2527,10 +2527,12 @@ async fn unified_exec_runs_under_sandbox() -> Result<()> {
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
 async fn unified_exec_enforces_glob_deny_read_policy() -> Result<()> {
     use codex_config::Constrained;
+    use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
     use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemAccessMode;
     use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemPath;
     use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxEntry;
     use codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxPolicy;
+    use codex_protocol::permissions::NetworkSandboxPolicy;
 
     skip_if_no_network!(Ok(()));
     skip_if_sandbox!(Ok(()));
@@ -2553,7 +2555,11 @@ async fn unified_exec_enforces_glob_deny_read_policy() -> Result<()> {
                 },
                 access: FileSystemAccessMode::None,
             });
-        config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy;
+        config.permissions.permission_profile =
+            Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions(
+                &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+            ));
     });
     let TestCodex {
         codex,
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/user_shell_cmd.rs b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/user_shell_cmd.rs
index 01521dab0..552635669 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/user_shell_cmd.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/user_shell_cmd.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::Context;
 use codex_features::Feature;
+use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::permissions::NetworkSandboxPolicy;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::EventMsg;
@@ -338,7 +339,12 @@ async fn user_shell_command_history_is_persisted_and_shared_with_model() -> anyh
 async fn user_shell_command_does_not_set_network_sandbox_env_var() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let server = responses::start_mock_server().await;
     let mut builder = core_test_support::test_codex::test_codex().with_config(|config| {
-        config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy = NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted;
+        let file_system_sandbox_policy = config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy();
+        config.permissions.permission_profile =
+            codex_config::Constrained::allow_any(PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions(
+                &file_system_sandbox_policy,
+                NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+            ));
     });
     let test = builder.build(&server).await?;
 
diff --git a/codex-rs/protocol/src/models.rs b/codex-rs/protocol/src/models.rs
index 2511dfecf..87091a16e 100644
--- a/codex-rs/protocol/src/models.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/protocol/src/models.rs
@@ -482,10 +482,7 @@ impl PermissionProfile {
             FileSystemSandboxKind::ExternalSandbox => Self::External {
                 network: network_sandbox_policy,
             },
-            FileSystemSandboxKind::Unrestricted
-                if enforcement == SandboxEnforcement::Disabled
-                    && network_sandbox_policy.is_enabled() =>
-            {
+            FileSystemSandboxKind::Unrestricted if enforcement == SandboxEnforcement::Disabled => {
                 Self::Disabled
             }
             FileSystemSandboxKind::Restricted | FileSystemSandboxKind::Unrestricted => {
@@ -1867,6 +1864,17 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn disabled_permission_profile_ignores_runtime_network_policy() {
+        let permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
+            SandboxEnforcement::Disabled,
+            &FileSystemSandboxPolicy::unrestricted(),
+            NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(permission_profile, PermissionProfile::Disabled);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn permission_profile_from_runtime_permissions_preserves_external_sandbox() {
         let permission_profile = PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions(
diff --git a/codex-rs/protocol/src/permissions.rs b/codex-rs/protocol/src/permissions.rs
index 450fb3997..63c2e3c4f 100644
--- a/codex-rs/protocol/src/permissions.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/protocol/src/permissions.rs
@@ -631,6 +631,12 @@ impl FileSystemSandboxPolicy {
                 .semantic_signature(cwd)
     }
 
+    /// Returns true when two policies resolve to the same filesystem access
+    /// model for `cwd`, ignoring incidental entry ordering.
+    pub fn is_semantically_equivalent_to(&self, other: &Self, cwd: &Path) -> bool {
+        self.semantic_signature(cwd) == other.semantic_signature(cwd)
+    }
+
     /// Returns the explicit readable roots resolved against the provided cwd.
     pub fn get_readable_roots_with_cwd(&self, cwd: &Path) -> Vec<AbsolutePathBuf> {
         if self.has_full_disk_read_access() {
@@ -949,9 +955,9 @@ impl FileSystemSandboxPolicy {
             has_full_disk_read_access: self.has_full_disk_read_access(),
             has_full_disk_write_access: self.has_full_disk_write_access(),
             include_platform_defaults: self.include_platform_defaults(),
-            readable_roots: self.get_readable_roots_with_cwd(cwd),
-            writable_roots: self.get_writable_roots_with_cwd(cwd),
-            unreadable_roots: self.get_unreadable_roots_with_cwd(cwd),
+            readable_roots: sorted_absolute_paths(self.get_readable_roots_with_cwd(cwd)),
+            writable_roots: sorted_writable_roots(self.get_writable_roots_with_cwd(cwd)),
+            unreadable_roots: sorted_absolute_paths(self.get_unreadable_roots_with_cwd(cwd)),
             unreadable_globs: self.get_unreadable_globs_with_cwd(cwd),
         }
     }
@@ -1257,6 +1263,20 @@ fn dedup_absolute_paths(
     deduped
 }
 
+fn sorted_absolute_paths(mut paths: Vec<AbsolutePathBuf>) -> Vec<AbsolutePathBuf> {
+    paths.sort_by(|left, right| left.as_path().cmp(right.as_path()));
+    paths
+}
+
+fn sorted_writable_roots(mut roots: Vec<WritableRoot>) -> Vec<WritableRoot> {
+    for root in &mut roots {
+        root.read_only_subpaths =
+            sorted_absolute_paths(std::mem::take(&mut root.read_only_subpaths));
+    }
+    roots.sort_by(|left, right| left.root.as_path().cmp(right.root.as_path()));
+    roots
+}
+
 fn normalize_effective_absolute_path(path: AbsolutePathBuf) -> AbsolutePathBuf {
     let raw_path = path.to_path_buf();
     for ancestor in raw_path.ancestors() {
@@ -2145,6 +2165,31 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_projection_runtime_enforcement_ignores_entry_order() {
+        let cwd = TempDir::new().expect("tempdir");
+        let legacy_policy = SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite {
+            writable_roots: Vec::new(),
+            network_access: false,
+            exclude_tmpdir_env_var: true,
+            exclude_slash_tmp: true,
+        };
+        let legacy_order =
+            FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(&legacy_policy, cwd.path());
+        let mut reordered_entries = legacy_order.entries.clone();
+        reordered_entries.reverse();
+        let reordered = FileSystemSandboxPolicy::restricted(reordered_entries);
+
+        assert!(
+            legacy_order.is_semantically_equivalent_to(&reordered, cwd.path()),
+            "entry order should not affect filesystem semantics"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !reordered
+                .needs_direct_runtime_enforcement(NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted, cwd.path())
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn root_write_with_read_only_child_is_not_full_disk_write() {
         let cwd = TempDir::new().expect("tempdir");
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
index 400a59712..e27e82865 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
@@ -2379,37 +2379,13 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             tracing::warn!(%err, "failed to sync permissions from SessionConfigured");
             self.config.permissions.sandbox_policy =
                 Constrained::allow_only(event.sandbox_policy.clone());
-            match event.permission_profile.clone() {
-                Some(permission_profile) => {
-                    let (file_system_sandbox_policy, network_sandbox_policy) =
-                        permission_profile.to_runtime_permissions();
-                    self.config.permissions.permission_profile =
-                        Constrained::allow_only(permission_profile);
-                    self.config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy = file_system_sandbox_policy;
-                    self.config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy = network_sandbox_policy;
-                }
-                None => {
-                    self.config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy =
-                        codex_protocol::permissions::FileSystemSandboxPolicy::from_legacy_sandbox_policy_for_cwd(
-                            &event.sandbox_policy,
-                            &event.cwd,
-                        );
-                    self.config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy =
-                        codex_protocol::permissions::NetworkSandboxPolicy::from(
-                            &event.sandbox_policy,
-                        );
-                    let permission_profile =
-                        codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile::from_runtime_permissions_with_enforcement(
-                            codex_protocol::models::SandboxEnforcement::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(
-                                &event.sandbox_policy,
-                            ),
-                            &self.config.permissions.file_system_sandbox_policy,
-                            self.config.permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
-                        );
-                    self.config.permissions.permission_profile =
-                        Constrained::allow_only(permission_profile);
-                }
-            }
+            let permission_profile = event.permission_profile.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile::from_legacy_sandbox_policy(
+                    &event.sandbox_policy,
+                )
+            });
+            self.config.permissions.permission_profile =
+                Constrained::allow_only(permission_profile);
         }
         self.config.approvals_reviewer = event.approvals_reviewer;
         self.status_line_project_root_name_cache = None;
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests/history_replay.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests/history_replay.rs
index 83cfa7557..be0fd03a1 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests/history_replay.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget/tests/history_replay.rs
@@ -380,12 +380,12 @@ async fn session_configured_external_sandbox_keeps_external_runtime_policy() {
     assert_eq!(
         chat.config_ref()
             .permissions
-            .file_system_sandbox_policy
+            .file_system_sandbox_policy()
             .kind,
         FileSystemSandboxKind::ExternalSandbox,
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        chat.config_ref().permissions.network_sandbox_policy,
+        chat.config_ref().permissions.network_sandbox_policy(),
         NetworkSandboxPolicy::Restricted,
     );
 }