Use environment secrets for Azure signing (#24859)

## Summary
- Move Azure Trusted Signing values out of reusable workflow-call
secrets and into the `azure-artifact-signing` environment scope
- Attach the Windows signing job to the `azure-artifact-signing`
environment so it can resolve the signing secrets directly
- Stop inheriting caller secrets for the Windows release reusable
workflow

## Validation
- `git diff --check -- .github/workflows/rust-release.yml
.github/workflows/rust-release-windows.yml`
- `ruby -e 'require "yaml"; ARGV.each { |path| YAML.load_file(path);
puts "ok #{path}" }' .github/workflows/rust-release.yml
.github/workflows/rust-release-windows.yml`

.github/workflows/rust-release.yml

@@ -865,7 +865,6 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/rust-release-windows.yml
     with:
       release-lto: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, '-alpha') && 'thin' || 'fat' }}
-    secrets: inherit
 
   argument-comment-lint-release-assets:
     if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.release_mode != 'promote_signed' }}