Use environment secrets for Azure signing (#24859)

## Summary
- Move Azure Trusted Signing values out of reusable workflow-call
secrets and into the `azure-artifact-signing` environment scope
- Attach the Windows signing job to the `azure-artifact-signing`
environment so it can resolve the signing secrets directly
- Stop inheriting caller secrets for the Windows release reusable
workflow

## Validation
- `git diff --check -- .github/workflows/rust-release.yml
.github/workflows/rust-release-windows.yml`
- `ruby -e 'require "yaml"; ARGV.each { |path| YAML.load_file(path);
puts "ok #{path}" }' .github/workflows/rust-release.yml
.github/workflows/rust-release-windows.yml`

.github/workflows/rust-release-windows.yml

@@ -6,19 +6,6 @@ on:
       release-lto:
         required: true
         type: string
-    secrets:
-      AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_CLIENT_ID:
-        required: true
-      AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_TENANT_ID:
-        required: true
-      AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_SUBSCRIPTION_ID:
-        required: true
-      AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_ENDPOINT:
-        required: true
-      AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_ACCOUNT_NAME:
-        required: true
-      AZURE_TRUSTED_SIGNING_CERTIFICATE_PROFILE_NAME:
-        required: true
 
 # Cargo's libgit2 transport has been flaky when fetching git dependencies with
 # nested submodules. Prefer the system git CLI across every Cargo invocation.
@@ -164,6 +151,9 @@ jobs:
       - build-windows-binaries
     name: Build - ${{ matrix.runner }} - ${{ matrix.target }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs_on }}
+    environment:
+      name: azure-artifact-signing
+      deployment: false
     timeout-minutes: 90
     permissions:
       contents: read

.github/workflows/rust-release.yml

@@ -865,7 +865,6 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/rust-release-windows.yml
     with:
       release-lto: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, '-alpha') && 'thin' || 'fat' }}
-    secrets: inherit
 
   argument-comment-lint-release-assets:
     if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.release_mode != 'promote_signed' }}