Implement v1 skills extension prompt injection (#26167)

## Why

The skills extension needs a real turn-time path before host, executor,
or remote skills can be routed through it. The previous code was mostly
a placeholder catalog/provider sketch, so there was no bounded
available-skills fragment, no source-owned `SKILL.md` read, and no place
for warnings or per-turn selection state to live.

This PR makes `ext/skills` the authority-preserving flow for listing
candidate skills and injecting only explicitly selected main prompts,
without adding more of that logic to `codex-core`.

## What changed

- Expands catalog entries with `main_prompt`, display path, short
description, dependency metadata, enabled/prompt visibility flags, and
authority/package-aware read requests.
- Replaces the placeholder `providers/*` modules with
`SkillProviderSource` and `SkillProviders`, routing list/read/search
calls by source kind and surfacing provider failures as warnings.
- Adds bounded available-skills rendering and `SKILL.md` main-prompt
truncation before the fragments enter model context.
- Resolves explicit skill selections from structured `UserInput::Skill`,
skill-file mentions, `skill://...` paths, and plain `$skill` text
mentions, then reads selected prompts through their owning provider.
- Stores mutable per-thread skills config and per-turn
catalog/selection/warning state.
- Adds `install_with_providers` so tests and future host wiring can
supply concrete providers.

## Testing

- Not run locally.
- Added `codex-rs/ext/skills/tests/skills_extension.rs` coverage for
available-catalog injection, selected prompt injection through the
owning provider, and prompt-hidden skills that remain invokable.

codex-rs/Cargo.lock

@@ -3733,7 +3733,11 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "codex-core",
+ "codex-core-skills",
  "codex-extension-api",
+ "codex-protocol",
+ "pretty_assertions",
+ "tokio",
 ]
 
 [[package]]