[codex] support executor registry remote environments (#21323)

## Summary

Support registry-backed remote executors end to end so downstream
services can resolve an executor id into an exec-server URL and make
that environment available to Codex without relying on the legacy cloud
environments flow.

## What changed

- switch remote executor registration to the executor registry bootstrap
contract
- allow named remote environments to be inserted into
`EnvironmentManager` at runtime
- add the experimental app-server RPC `environment/add` so initialized
experimental clients can register those remote environments for later
`thread/start` and `turn/start` selection

## Validation

Ran focused validation locally:
- `cargo test -p codex-exec-server environment_manager_`
- `cargo test -p codex-exec-server
register_executor_posts_with_bearer_token_header`
- `cargo test -p codex-app-server-protocol`

codex-rs/app-server/src/message_processor.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use crate::request_processors::AppsRequestProcessor;
 use crate::request_processors::CatalogRequestProcessor;
 use crate::request_processors::CommandExecRequestProcessor;
 use crate::request_processors::ConfigRequestProcessor;
+use crate::request_processors::EnvironmentRequestProcessor;
 use crate::request_processors::ExternalAgentConfigRequestProcessor;
 use crate::request_processors::FeedbackRequestProcessor;
 use crate::request_processors::FsRequestProcessor;
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ pub(crate) struct MessageProcessor {
     command_exec_processor: CommandExecRequestProcessor,
     process_exec_processor: ProcessExecRequestProcessor,
     config_processor: ConfigRequestProcessor,
+    environment_processor: EnvironmentRequestProcessor,
     external_agent_config_processor: ExternalAgentConfigRequestProcessor,
     feedback_processor: FeedbackRequestProcessor,
     fs_processor: FsRequestProcessor,
@@ -446,6 +448,8 @@ impl MessageProcessor {
             arg0_paths,
             config.codex_home.to_path_buf(),
         );
+        let environment_processor =
+            EnvironmentRequestProcessor::new(thread_manager.environment_manager());
         let fs_processor = FsRequestProcessor::new(
             thread_manager
                 .environment_manager()
@@ -467,6 +471,7 @@ impl MessageProcessor {
             command_exec_processor,
             process_exec_processor,
             config_processor,
+            environment_processor,
             external_agent_config_processor,
             feedback_processor,
             fs_processor,
@@ -878,6 +883,9 @@ impl MessageProcessor {
                 .config_requirements_read()
                 .await
                 .map(|response| Some(response.into())),
+            ClientRequest::EnvironmentAdd { params, .. } => {
+                self.environment_processor.environment_add(params).await
+            }
             ClientRequest::FsReadFile { params, .. } => self
                 .fs_processor
                 .read_file(params)

codex-rs/app-server/src/request_processors.rs

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ use codex_app_server_protocol::ConversationGitInfo;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ConversationSummary;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::DeprecationNoticeNotification;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::DynamicToolSpec as ApiDynamicToolSpec;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::EnvironmentAddParams;
+use codex_app_server_protocol::EnvironmentAddResponse;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ExperimentalFeature as ApiExperimentalFeature;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ExperimentalFeatureListParams;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ExperimentalFeatureListResponse;
@@ -434,6 +436,7 @@ mod apps_processor;
 mod catalog_processor;
 mod command_exec_processor;
 mod config_processor;
+mod environment_processor;
 mod external_agent_config_processor;
 mod feedback_processor;
 mod fs_processor;
@@ -454,6 +457,7 @@ pub(crate) use apps_processor::AppsRequestProcessor;
 pub(crate) use catalog_processor::CatalogRequestProcessor;
 pub(crate) use command_exec_processor::CommandExecRequestProcessor;
 pub(crate) use config_processor::ConfigRequestProcessor;
+pub(crate) use environment_processor::EnvironmentRequestProcessor;
 pub(crate) use external_agent_config_processor::ExternalAgentConfigRequestProcessor;
 pub(crate) use feedback_processor::FeedbackRequestProcessor;
 pub(crate) use fs_processor::FsRequestProcessor;

codex-rs/app-server/src/request_processors/environment_processor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use super::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct EnvironmentRequestProcessor {
+    environment_manager: Arc<EnvironmentManager>,
+}
+
+impl EnvironmentRequestProcessor {
+    pub(crate) fn new(environment_manager: Arc<EnvironmentManager>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            environment_manager,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn environment_add(
+        &self,
+        params: EnvironmentAddParams,
+    ) -> Result<Option<ClientResponsePayload>, JSONRPCErrorError> {
+        self.environment_manager
+            .upsert_environment(params.environment_id, params.exec_server_url)
+            .map_err(|err| invalid_request(err.to_string()))?;
+        Ok(Some(EnvironmentAddResponse {}.into()))
+    }
+}