[codex] Address some more GHA hygiene issues (#21622)

This does two things:

- We use `persist-credentials: false` everywhere now. This is
unfortunately not the default in GitHub Actions, but it prevents
`actions/checkout` from dropping `secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN` onto disk.
- We interpose (some) template expansions through environment variables.
I've limited this to contexts that have non-fixed values; contexts that
are fixed (like `*.result`) are not dangerous to expand directly inline
(but maybe we should clean those up in the future for consistency
anyways).

This is a medium-risk change in terms of CI breakage: I did a scan for
usage of `git push` and other commands that implicitly use the persisted
credential, but couldn't find any. Even still, some implicit usages of
the persisted credentials may be lurking. Please ping ww@ if any issues
arise.

.github/workflows/bazel.yml

@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check rusty_v8 MODULE.bazel checksums
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-24.04' && matrix.target == 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
@@ -149,6 +151,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Prepare Bazel CI
         id: prepare_bazel
@@ -232,6 +236,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Prepare Bazel CI
         id: prepare_bazel
@@ -319,6 +325,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Prepare Bazel CI
         id: prepare_bazel