Add agent graph store interface (#19229)

## Summary

Persisted subagent parent/child topology currently leaks through
`StateRuntime`'s SQLite-specific thread-spawn helpers. This PR
introduces a narrow `AgentGraphStore` boundary so follow-up work can
route graph operations through a local or remote store without coupling
orchestration code directly to the state DB graph API.

## Changes

- Adds the new `codex-agent-graph-store` crate.
- Defines a flat `AgentGraphStore` trait for the v1 graph surface:
upsert edge, set edge status, list direct children, and list
descendants.
- Adds public graph types for `ThreadSpawnEdgeStatus`,
`AgentGraphStoreError`, and `AgentGraphStoreResult`.
- Implements `LocalAgentGraphStore` on top of an existing
`codex_state::StateRuntime`, preserving today's SQLite-backed
`thread_spawn_edges` behavior.
- Registers the crate in Cargo/Bazel metadata.

This PR only adds the local contract and implementation; call-site
migration and the remote gRPC store are left to the follow-up PRs in the
stack.

## Testing

- `cargo test -p codex-agent-graph-store`

The new unit tests cover local parity with the existing `StateRuntime`
graph methods, `Open`/`Closed` filtering, status updates, and stable
breadth-first descendant ordering.

codex-rs/agent-graph-store/src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/// Result type returned by agent graph store operations.
+pub type AgentGraphStoreResult<T> = Result<T, AgentGraphStoreError>;
+
+/// Error type shared by agent graph store implementations.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum AgentGraphStoreError {
+    /// The caller supplied invalid request data.
+    #[error("invalid agent graph store request: {message}")]
+    InvalidRequest {
+        /// User-facing explanation of the invalid request.
+        message: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Catch-all for implementation failures that do not fit a more specific category.
+    #[error("agent graph store internal error: {message}")]
+    Internal {
+        /// User-facing explanation of the implementation failure.
+        message: String,
+    },
+}