Add experimental turn additional context (#24154)

## Summary

Adds experimental `additionalContext` support to `turn/start` and
`turn/steer` so clients can provide ephemeral external context, such as
browser or automation state, without turning that plumbing into a
visible user prompt or triggering user-prompt lifecycle behavior.

## API Shape

The parameter shape is:

```ts
additionalContext?: Record<string, {
  value: string
  kind: "untrusted" | "application"
}> | null
```

Example:

```json
{
  "additionalContext": {
    "browser_info": {
      "value": "Active tab is CI failures.",
      "kind": "untrusted"
    },
    "automation_info": {
      "value": "CI rerun is in progress.",
      "kind": "application"
    }
  }
}
```

The keys are opaque and caller-defined.

## Context Injection

When provided, accepted entries are inserted into model context as
hidden contextual message items, not as visible thread user-message
items.

`kind: "untrusted"` entries are inserted with role `user`:

```text
<external_${key}>${value}</external_${key}>
```

`kind: "application"` entries are inserted with role `developer`:

```text
<${key}>${value}</${key}>
```

Values are not escaped. Each value is truncated to 1k approximate tokens
before wrapping.

For `turn/start`, accepted additional context is inserted before normal
user input. For `turn/steer`, additional context is merged only when the
steer includes non-empty user input; context-only steers still reject as
empty input.

## Dedupe Strategy

`AdditionalContextStore` lives on session state and stores the latest
complete additional-context map.

Each `turn/start` or non-empty `turn/steer` treats its
`additionalContext` as the current complete set of values. Entries are
injected only when the key is new or the exact entry for that key
changed, including `value` or `kind`. After merging, the store is
replaced with the provided map, so omitted keys are removed from the
retained set and can be injected again later if reintroduced.

Omitting `additionalContext`, passing `null`, or passing an empty object
resets the store to empty and injects nothing.

## What Changed

- Threads experimental v2 `additionalContext` through app-server into
core turn start and steer handling.
- Adds separate contextual fragment types for untrusted user-role
context and application developer-role context.
- Uses pending response input items so additional context can be
combined with normal user input without treating it as prompt text.
- Adds integration coverage for start/steer flow, role routing,
dedupe/reset behavior, deletion/re-add behavior, hook-blocked input
behavior, empty context-only steer rejection, external-fragment marker
matching, and truncation.

codex-rs/core/src/codex_thread.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use codex_protocol::models::PermissionProfile;
 use codex_protocol::models::ResponseInputItem;
 use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
 use codex_protocol::openai_models::ReasoningEffort;
+use codex_protocol::protocol::AdditionalContextEntry;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::AskForApproval;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::Event;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::Op;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ use codex_thread_store::ThreadStoreError;
 use codex_thread_store::ThreadStoreResult;
 use codex_utils_absolute_path::AbsolutePathBuf;
 use rmcp::model::ReadResourceRequestParams;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -236,11 +238,17 @@ impl CodexThread {
     pub async fn steer_input(
         &self,
         input: Vec<UserInput>,
+        additional_context: BTreeMap<String, AdditionalContextEntry>,
         expected_turn_id: Option<&str>,
         responsesapi_client_metadata: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
     ) -> Result<String, SteerInputError> {
         self.codex
-            .steer_input(input, expected_turn_id, responsesapi_client_metadata)
+            .steer_input(
+                input,
+                additional_context,
+                expected_turn_id,
+                responsesapi_client_metadata,
+            )
             .await
     }