fix: do not grant "node" user sudo access when using run_in_container.sh (#627)

This exploration came out of my review of
https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/414.

`run_in_container.sh` runs Codex in a Docker container like so:


https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/bd1c3deed9f4f103e755baa3f3a45e7a1c1a134b/codex-cli/scripts/run_in_container.sh#L51-L58

But then runs `init_firewall.sh` to set up the firewall to restrict
network access.

Previously, we did this by adding `/usr/local/bin/init_firewall.sh` to
the container and adding a special rule in `/etc/sudoers.d` so the
unprivileged user (`node`) could run the privileged `init_firewall.sh`
script to open up the firewall for `api.openai.com`:


https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/31d0d7a305305ad557035a2edcab60b6be5018d8/codex-cli/Dockerfile#L51-L56

Though I believe this is unnecessary, as we can use `docker exec --user
root` from _outside_ the container to run
`/usr/local/bin/init_firewall.sh` as `root` without adding a special
case in `/etc/sudoers.d`.

This appears to work as expected, as I tested it by doing the following:

```
./codex-cli/scripts/build_container.sh
./codex-cli/scripts/run_in_container.sh 'what is the output of `curl https://www.openai.com`'
```

This was a bit funny because in some of my runs, Codex wasn't convinced
it had network access, so I had to convince it to try the `curl`
request:


![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/80bd487c-74e2-4cd3-aa0f-26a6edd8d3f7)

As you can see, when it ran `curl -s https\://www.openai.com`, it a
connection failure, so the network policy appears to be working as
intended.

Note this PR also removes `sudo` from the `apt-get install` list in the
`Dockerfile`.

codex-cli/scripts/run_in_container.sh

@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ docker run --name "$CONTAINER_NAME" -d \
   codex \
   sleep infinity
 
-# Initialize the firewall inside the container.
-docker exec "$CONTAINER_NAME" bash -c "sudo /usr/local/bin/init_firewall.sh"
+# Initialize the firewall inside the container with root privileges.
+docker exec --user root "$CONTAINER_NAME" /usr/local/bin/init_firewall.sh
 
 # Execute the provided command in the container, ensuring it runs in the work directory.
 # We use a parameterized bash command to safely handle the command and directory.