feat: add head-tail buffer for unified_exec (#8735)

codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/async_watcher.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ use tokio::time::Duration;
 use tokio::time::Instant;
 use tokio::time::Sleep;
 
+use super::UnifiedExecContext;
+use super::session::UnifiedExecSession;
 use crate::codex::Session;
 use crate::codex::TurnContext;
 use crate::exec::ExecToolCallOutput;
@@ -19,10 +21,7 @@ use crate::protocol::ExecOutputStream;
 use crate::tools::events::ToolEmitter;
 use crate::tools::events::ToolEventCtx;
 use crate::tools::events::ToolEventStage;
-
+use crate::unified_exec::head_tail_buffer::HeadTailBuffer;
-use super::CommandTranscript;
-use super::UnifiedExecContext;
-use super::session::UnifiedExecSession;
 
 pub(crate) const TRAILING_OUTPUT_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
 
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ const UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_DELTA_MAX_BYTES: usize = 8192;
 pub(crate) fn start_streaming_output(
     session: &UnifiedExecSession,
     context: &UnifiedExecContext,
-    transcript: Arc<Mutex<CommandTranscript>>,
+    transcript: Arc<Mutex<HeadTailBuffer>>,
 ) {
     let mut receiver = session.output_receiver();
     let output_drained = session.output_drained_notify();
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ pub(crate) fn spawn_exit_watcher(
     command: Vec<String>,
     cwd: PathBuf,
     process_id: String,
-    transcript: Arc<Mutex<CommandTranscript>>,
+    transcript: Arc<Mutex<HeadTailBuffer>>,
     started_at: Instant,
 ) {
     let exit_token = session.cancellation_token();
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ pub(crate) fn spawn_exit_watcher(
 
 async fn process_chunk(
     pending: &mut Vec<u8>,
-    transcript: &Arc<Mutex<CommandTranscript>>,
+    transcript: &Arc<Mutex<HeadTailBuffer>>,
     call_id: &str,
     session_ref: &Arc<Session>,
     turn_ref: &Arc<TurnContext>,
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ async fn process_chunk(
     while let Some(prefix) = split_valid_utf8_prefix(pending) {
         {
             let mut guard = transcript.lock().await;
-            guard.append(&prefix);
+            guard.push_chunk(prefix.to_vec());
         }
 
         if *emitted_deltas >= MAX_EXEC_OUTPUT_DELTAS_PER_CALL {
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn emit_exec_end_for_unified_exec(
     command: Vec<String>,
     cwd: PathBuf,
     process_id: Option<String>,
-    transcript: Arc<Mutex<CommandTranscript>>,
+    transcript: Arc<Mutex<HeadTailBuffer>>,
     fallback_output: String,
     exit_code: i32,
     duration: Duration,
@@ -240,15 +239,15 @@ fn split_valid_utf8_prefix_with_max(buffer: &mut Vec<u8>, max_bytes: usize) -> O
 }
 
 async fn resolve_aggregated_output(
-    transcript: &Arc<Mutex<CommandTranscript>>,
+    transcript: &Arc<Mutex<HeadTailBuffer>>,
     fallback: String,
 ) -> String {
     let guard = transcript.lock().await;
-    if guard.data.is_empty() {
+    if guard.retained_bytes() == 0 {
         return fallback;
     }
 
-    String::from_utf8_lossy(&guard.data).to_string()
+    String::from_utf8_lossy(&guard.to_bytes()).to_string()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/head_tail_buffer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+use crate::unified_exec::UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+
+/// A capped buffer that preserves a stable prefix ("head") and suffix ("tail"),
+/// dropping the middle once it exceeds the configured maximum. The buffer is
+/// symmetric meaning 50% of the capacity is allocated to the head and 50% is
+/// allocated to the tail.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct HeadTailBuffer {
+    max_bytes: usize,
+    head_budget: usize,
+    tail_budget: usize,
+    head: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,
+    tail: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,
+    head_bytes: usize,
+    tail_bytes: usize,
+    omitted_bytes: usize,
+}
+
+impl Default for HeadTailBuffer {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new(UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES)
+    }
+}
+
+impl HeadTailBuffer {
+    /// Create a new buffer that retains at most `max_bytes` of output.
+    ///
+    /// The retained output is split across a prefix ("head") and suffix ("tail")
+    /// budget, dropping bytes from the middle once the limit is exceeded.
+    pub(crate) fn new(max_bytes: usize) -> Self {
+        let head_budget = max_bytes / 2;
+        let tail_budget = max_bytes.saturating_sub(head_budget);
+        Self {
+            max_bytes,
+            head_budget,
+            tail_budget,
+            head: VecDeque::new(),
+            tail: VecDeque::new(),
+            head_bytes: 0,
+            tail_bytes: 0,
+            omitted_bytes: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Used for tests.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// Total bytes currently retained by the buffer (head + tail).
+    pub(crate) fn retained_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        self.head_bytes.saturating_add(self.tail_bytes)
+    }
+
+    // Used for tests.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// Total bytes that were dropped from the middle due to the size cap.
+    pub(crate) fn omitted_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        self.omitted_bytes
+    }
+
+    /// Append a chunk of bytes to the buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Bytes are first added to the head until the head budget is full; any
+    /// remaining bytes are added to the tail, with older tail bytes being
+    /// dropped to preserve the tail budget.
+    pub(crate) fn push_chunk(&mut self, chunk: Vec<u8>) {
+        if self.max_bytes == 0 {
+            self.omitted_bytes = self.omitted_bytes.saturating_add(chunk.len());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Fill the head budget first, then keep a capped tail.
+        if self.head_bytes < self.head_budget {
+            let remaining_head = self.head_budget.saturating_sub(self.head_bytes);
+            if chunk.len() <= remaining_head {
+                self.head_bytes = self.head_bytes.saturating_add(chunk.len());
+                self.head.push_back(chunk);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Split the chunk: part goes to head, remainder goes to tail.
+            let (head_part, tail_part) = chunk.split_at(remaining_head);
+            if !head_part.is_empty() {
+                self.head_bytes = self.head_bytes.saturating_add(head_part.len());
+                self.head.push_back(head_part.to_vec());
+            }
+            self.push_to_tail(tail_part.to_vec());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.push_to_tail(chunk);
+    }
+
+    /// Snapshot the retained output as a list of chunks.
+    ///
+    /// The returned chunks are ordered as: head chunks first, then tail chunks.
+    /// Omitted bytes are not represented in the snapshot.
+    pub(crate) fn snapshot_chunks(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        out.extend(self.head.iter().cloned());
+        out.extend(self.tail.iter().cloned());
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// Return the retained output as a single byte vector.
+    ///
+    /// The output is formed by concatenating head chunks, then tail chunks.
+    /// Omitted bytes are not represented in the returned value.
+    pub(crate) fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(self.retained_bytes());
+        for chunk in self.head.iter() {
+            out.extend_from_slice(chunk);
+        }
+        for chunk in self.tail.iter() {
+            out.extend_from_slice(chunk);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// Drain all retained chunks from the buffer and reset its state.
+    ///
+    /// The drained chunks are returned in head-then-tail order. Omitted bytes
+    /// are discarded along with the retained content.
+    pub(crate) fn drain_chunks(&mut self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+        let mut out: Vec<Vec<u8>> = self.head.drain(..).collect();
+        out.extend(self.tail.drain(..));
+        self.head_bytes = 0;
+        self.tail_bytes = 0;
+        self.omitted_bytes = 0;
+        out
+    }
+
+    fn push_to_tail(&mut self, chunk: Vec<u8>) {
+        if self.tail_budget == 0 {
+            self.omitted_bytes = self.omitted_bytes.saturating_add(chunk.len());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if chunk.len() >= self.tail_budget {
+            // This single chunk is larger than the whole tail budget. Keep only the last
+            // tail_budget bytes and drop everything else.
+            let start = chunk.len().saturating_sub(self.tail_budget);
+            let kept = chunk[start..].to_vec();
+            let dropped = chunk.len().saturating_sub(kept.len());
+            self.omitted_bytes = self
+                .omitted_bytes
+                .saturating_add(self.tail_bytes)
+                .saturating_add(dropped);
+            self.tail.clear();
+            self.tail_bytes = kept.len();
+            self.tail.push_back(kept);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.tail_bytes = self.tail_bytes.saturating_add(chunk.len());
+        self.tail.push_back(chunk);
+        self.trim_tail_to_budget();
+    }
+
+    fn trim_tail_to_budget(&mut self) {
+        let mut excess = self.tail_bytes.saturating_sub(self.tail_budget);
+        while excess > 0 {
+            match self.tail.front_mut() {
+                Some(front) if excess >= front.len() => {
+                    excess -= front.len();
+                    self.tail_bytes = self.tail_bytes.saturating_sub(front.len());
+                    self.omitted_bytes = self.omitted_bytes.saturating_add(front.len());
+                    self.tail.pop_front();
+                }
+                Some(front) => {
+                    front.drain(..excess);
+                    self.tail_bytes = self.tail_bytes.saturating_sub(excess);
+                    self.omitted_bytes = self.omitted_bytes.saturating_add(excess);
+                    break;
+                }
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::HeadTailBuffer;
+
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn keeps_prefix_and_suffix_when_over_budget() {
+        let mut buf = HeadTailBuffer::new(10);
+
+        buf.push_chunk(b"0123456789".to_vec());
+        assert_eq!(buf.omitted_bytes(), 0);
+
+        // Exceeds max by 2; we should keep head+tail and omit the middle.
+        buf.push_chunk(b"ab".to_vec());
+        assert!(buf.omitted_bytes() > 0);
+
+        let rendered = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf.to_bytes()).to_string();
+        assert!(rendered.starts_with("01234"));
+        assert!(rendered.ends_with("89ab"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn max_bytes_zero_drops_everything() {
+        let mut buf = HeadTailBuffer::new(0);
+        buf.push_chunk(b"abc".to_vec());
+
+        assert_eq!(buf.retained_bytes(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(buf.omitted_bytes(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(buf.to_bytes(), b"".to_vec());
+        assert_eq!(buf.snapshot_chunks(), Vec::<Vec<u8>>::new());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn head_budget_zero_keeps_only_last_byte_in_tail() {
+        let mut buf = HeadTailBuffer::new(1);
+        buf.push_chunk(b"abc".to_vec());
+
+        assert_eq!(buf.retained_bytes(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(buf.omitted_bytes(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(buf.to_bytes(), b"c".to_vec());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn draining_resets_state() {
+        let mut buf = HeadTailBuffer::new(10);
+        buf.push_chunk(b"0123456789".to_vec());
+        buf.push_chunk(b"ab".to_vec());
+
+        let drained = buf.drain_chunks();
+        assert!(!drained.is_empty());
+
+        assert_eq!(buf.retained_bytes(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(buf.omitted_bytes(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(buf.to_bytes(), b"".to_vec());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chunk_larger_than_tail_budget_keeps_only_tail_end() {
+        let mut buf = HeadTailBuffer::new(10);
+        buf.push_chunk(b"0123456789".to_vec());
+
+        // Tail budget is 5 bytes. This chunk should replace the tail and keep only its last 5 bytes.
+        buf.push_chunk(b"ABCDEFGHIJK".to_vec());
+
+        let out = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf.to_bytes()).to_string();
+        assert!(out.starts_with("01234"));
+        assert!(out.ends_with("GHIJK"));
+        assert!(buf.omitted_bytes() > 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fills_head_then_tail_across_multiple_chunks() {
+        let mut buf = HeadTailBuffer::new(10);
+
+        // Fill the 5-byte head budget across multiple chunks.
+        buf.push_chunk(b"01".to_vec());
+        buf.push_chunk(b"234".to_vec());
+        assert_eq!(buf.to_bytes(), b"01234".to_vec());
+
+        // Then fill the 5-byte tail budget.
+        buf.push_chunk(b"567".to_vec());
+        buf.push_chunk(b"89".to_vec());
+        assert_eq!(buf.to_bytes(), b"0123456789".to_vec());
+        assert_eq!(buf.omitted_bytes(), 0);
+
+        // One more byte causes the tail to drop its oldest byte.
+        buf.push_chunk(b"a".to_vec());
+        assert_eq!(buf.to_bytes(), b"012346789a".to_vec());
+        assert_eq!(buf.omitted_bytes(), 1);
+    }
+}

codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/mod.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use crate::sandboxing::SandboxPermissions;
 
 mod async_watcher;
 mod errors;
+mod head_tail_buffer;
 mod session;
 mod session_manager;
 
@@ -53,24 +54,6 @@ pub(crate) const MAX_UNIFIED_EXEC_SESSIONS: usize = 64;
 // Send a warning message to the models when it reaches this number of sessions.
 pub(crate) const WARNING_UNIFIED_EXEC_SESSIONS: usize = 60;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub(crate) struct CommandTranscript {
-    pub data: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-impl CommandTranscript {
-    pub fn append(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) {
-        self.data.extend_from_slice(bytes);
-        if self.data.len() > UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES {
-            let excess = self
-                .data
-                .len()
-                .saturating_sub(UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES);
-            self.data.drain(..excess);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 pub(crate) struct UnifiedExecContext {
     pub session: Arc<Session>,
     pub turn: Arc<TurnContext>,
@@ -173,6 +156,7 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_chunk_id() -> String {
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(unix)]
 mod tests {
+    use super::head_tail_buffer::HeadTailBuffer;
     use super::*;
     use crate::codex::Session;
     use crate::codex::TurnContext;
@@ -185,8 +169,6 @@ mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
     use tokio::time::Duration;
 
-    use super::session::OutputBufferState;
-
     async fn test_session_and_turn() -> (Arc<Session>, Arc<TurnContext>) {
         let (session, mut turn) = make_session_and_context().await;
         turn.approval_policy = AskForApproval::Never;
@@ -245,21 +227,36 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn push_chunk_trims_only_excess_bytes() {
+    fn push_chunk_preserves_prefix_and_suffix() {
-        let mut buffer = OutputBufferState::default();
+        let mut buffer = HeadTailBuffer::default();
         buffer.push_chunk(vec![b'a'; UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES]);
         buffer.push_chunk(vec![b'b']);
         buffer.push_chunk(vec![b'c']);
 
-        assert_eq!(buffer.total_bytes, UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES);
+        assert_eq!(buffer.retained_bytes(), UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES);
-        let snapshot = buffer.snapshot();
+        let snapshot = buffer.snapshot_chunks();
-        assert_eq!(snapshot.len(), 3);
+
+        let first = snapshot.first().expect("expected at least one chunk");
+        assert_eq!(first.first(), Some(&b'a'));
+        assert!(snapshot.iter().any(|chunk| chunk.as_slice() == b"b"));
         assert_eq!(
-            snapshot.first().unwrap().len(),
+            snapshot
-            UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES - 2
+                .last()
+                .expect("expected at least one chunk")
+                .as_slice(),
+            b"c"
         );
-        assert_eq!(snapshot.get(2).unwrap(), &vec![b'c']);
+    }
-        assert_eq!(snapshot.get(1).unwrap(), &vec![b'b']);
+
+    #[test]
+    fn head_tail_buffer_default_preserves_prefix_and_suffix() {
+        let mut buffer = HeadTailBuffer::default();
+        buffer.push_chunk(vec![b'a'; UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES]);
+        buffer.push_chunk(b"bc".to_vec());
+
+        let rendered = buffer.to_bytes();
+        assert_eq!(rendered.first(), Some(&b'a'));
+        assert!(rendered.ends_with(b"bc"));
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]

codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/session.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #![allow(clippy::module_inception)]
 
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio::sync::Notify;
@@ -19,54 +18,11 @@ use crate::truncate::formatted_truncate_text;
 use codex_utils_pty::ExecCommandSession;
 use codex_utils_pty::SpawnedPty;
 
-use super::UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES;
 use super::UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_TOKENS;
 use super::UnifiedExecError;
+use super::head_tail_buffer::HeadTailBuffer;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub(crate) type OutputBuffer = Arc<Mutex<HeadTailBuffer>>;
-pub(crate) struct OutputBufferState {
-    chunks: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,
-    pub(crate) total_bytes: usize,
-}
-
-impl OutputBufferState {
-    pub(super) fn push_chunk(&mut self, chunk: Vec<u8>) {
-        self.total_bytes = self.total_bytes.saturating_add(chunk.len());
-        self.chunks.push_back(chunk);
-
-        let mut excess = self
-            .total_bytes
-            .saturating_sub(UNIFIED_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES);
-
-        while excess > 0 {
-            match self.chunks.front_mut() {
-                Some(front) if excess >= front.len() => {
-                    excess -= front.len();
-                    self.total_bytes = self.total_bytes.saturating_sub(front.len());
-                    self.chunks.pop_front();
-                }
-                Some(front) => {
-                    front.drain(..excess);
-                    self.total_bytes = self.total_bytes.saturating_sub(excess);
-                    break;
-                }
-                None => break,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn drain(&mut self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
-        let drained: Vec<Vec<u8>> = self.chunks.drain(..).collect();
-        self.total_bytes = 0;
-        drained
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn snapshot(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
-        self.chunks.iter().cloned().collect()
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) type OutputBuffer = Arc<Mutex<OutputBufferState>>;
 pub(crate) struct OutputHandles {
     pub(crate) output_buffer: OutputBuffer,
     pub(crate) output_notify: Arc<Notify>,
@@ -90,7 +46,7 @@ impl UnifiedExecSession {
         initial_output_rx: tokio::sync::broadcast::Receiver<Vec<u8>>,
         sandbox_type: SandboxType,
     ) -> Self {
-        let output_buffer = Arc::new(Mutex::new(OutputBufferState::default()));
+        let output_buffer = Arc::new(Mutex::new(HeadTailBuffer::default()));
         let output_notify = Arc::new(Notify::new());
         let cancellation_token = CancellationToken::new();
         let output_drained = Arc::new(Notify::new());
@@ -163,7 +119,7 @@ impl UnifiedExecSession {
 
     async fn snapshot_output(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
         let guard = self.output_buffer.lock().await;
-        guard.snapshot()
+        guard.snapshot_chunks()
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn sandbox_type(&self) -> SandboxType {

codex-rs/core/src/unified_exec/session_manager.rs

@@ -29,27 +29,26 @@ use crate::tools::sandboxing::ToolCtx;
 use crate::truncate::TruncationPolicy;
 use crate::truncate::approx_token_count;
 use crate::truncate::formatted_truncate_text;
-
+use crate::unified_exec::ExecCommandRequest;
-use super::CommandTranscript;
+use crate::unified_exec::MAX_UNIFIED_EXEC_SESSIONS;
-use super::ExecCommandRequest;
+use crate::unified_exec::SessionEntry;
-use super::MAX_UNIFIED_EXEC_SESSIONS;
+use crate::unified_exec::SessionStore;
-use super::SessionEntry;
+use crate::unified_exec::UnifiedExecContext;
-use super::SessionStore;
+use crate::unified_exec::UnifiedExecError;
-use super::UnifiedExecContext;
+use crate::unified_exec::UnifiedExecResponse;
-use super::UnifiedExecError;
+use crate::unified_exec::UnifiedExecSessionManager;
-use super::UnifiedExecResponse;
+use crate::unified_exec::WARNING_UNIFIED_EXEC_SESSIONS;
-use super::UnifiedExecSessionManager;
+use crate::unified_exec::WriteStdinRequest;
-use super::WARNING_UNIFIED_EXEC_SESSIONS;
+use crate::unified_exec::async_watcher::emit_exec_end_for_unified_exec;
-use super::WriteStdinRequest;
+use crate::unified_exec::async_watcher::spawn_exit_watcher;
-use super::async_watcher::emit_exec_end_for_unified_exec;
+use crate::unified_exec::async_watcher::start_streaming_output;
-use super::async_watcher::spawn_exit_watcher;
+use crate::unified_exec::clamp_yield_time;
-use super::async_watcher::start_streaming_output;
+use crate::unified_exec::generate_chunk_id;
-use super::clamp_yield_time;
+use crate::unified_exec::head_tail_buffer::HeadTailBuffer;
-use super::generate_chunk_id;
+use crate::unified_exec::resolve_max_tokens;
-use super::resolve_max_tokens;
+use crate::unified_exec::session::OutputBuffer;
-use super::session::OutputBuffer;
+use crate::unified_exec::session::OutputHandles;
-use super::session::OutputHandles;
+use crate::unified_exec::session::UnifiedExecSession;
-use super::session::UnifiedExecSession;
 
 const UNIFIED_EXEC_ENV: [(&str, &str); 9] = [
     ("NO_COLOR", "1"),
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ impl UnifiedExecSessionManager {
             }
         };
 
-        let transcript = Arc::new(tokio::sync::Mutex::new(CommandTranscript::default()));
+        let transcript = Arc::new(tokio::sync::Mutex::new(HeadTailBuffer::default()));
         let event_ctx = ToolEventCtx::new(
             context.session.as_ref(),
             context.turn.as_ref(),
@@ -158,6 +157,7 @@ impl UnifiedExecSessionManager {
             Some(request.process_id.clone()),
         );
         emitter.emit(event_ctx, ToolEventStage::Begin).await;
+
         start_streaming_output(&session, context, Arc::clone(&transcript));
 
         let max_tokens = resolve_max_tokens(request.max_output_tokens);
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ impl UnifiedExecSessionManager {
         cwd: PathBuf,
         started_at: Instant,
         process_id: String,
-        transcript: Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<CommandTranscript>>,
+        transcript: Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<HeadTailBuffer>>,
     ) {
         let entry = SessionEntry {
             session: Arc::clone(&session),
@@ -550,11 +550,11 @@ impl UnifiedExecSessionManager {
         let mut collected: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(4096);
         let mut exit_signal_received = cancellation_token.is_cancelled();
         loop {
-            let drained_chunks;
+            let drained_chunks: Vec<Vec<u8>>;
             let mut wait_for_output = None;
             {
                 let mut guard = output_buffer.lock().await;
-                drained_chunks = guard.drain();
+                drained_chunks = guard.drain_chunks();
                 if drained_chunks.is_empty() {
                     wait_for_output = Some(output_notify.notified());
                 }