diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
index 6b85049d2..65721a698 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/codex_message_processor.rs
@@ -1862,8 +1862,7 @@ impl CodexMessageProcessor {
 
     async fn list_models(&self, request_id: RequestId, params: ModelListParams) {
         let ModelListParams { limit, cursor } = params;
-        let auth_mode = self.auth_manager.auth().map(|auth| auth.mode);
-        let models = supported_models(auth_mode);
+        let models = supported_models(self.conversation_manager.clone()).await;
         let total = models.len();
 
         if total == 0 {
diff --git a/codex-rs/app-server/src/models.rs b/codex-rs/app-server/src/models.rs
index 78f6fd585..3ac71e85b 100644
--- a/codex-rs/app-server/src/models.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/app-server/src/models.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
-use codex_app_server_protocol::AuthMode;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use codex_app_server_protocol::Model;
 use codex_app_server_protocol::ReasoningEffortOption;
-use codex_core::openai_models::model_presets::builtin_model_presets;
+use codex_core::ConversationManager;
 use codex_protocol::openai_models::ModelPreset;
 use codex_protocol::openai_models::ReasoningEffortPreset;
 
-pub fn supported_models(auth_mode: Option<AuthMode>) -> Vec<Model> {
-    builtin_model_presets(auth_mode)
+pub async fn supported_models(conversation_manager: Arc<ConversationManager>) -> Vec<Model> {
+    conversation_manager
+        .list_models()
+        .await
         .into_iter()
         .map(model_from_preset)
         .collect()
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/auth.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/auth.rs
index d874435e8..a5c9add53 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/auth.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/auth.rs
@@ -1201,4 +1201,8 @@ impl AuthManager {
         self.reload();
         Ok(removed)
     }
+
+    pub fn get_auth_mode(&self) -> Option<AuthMode> {
+        self.auth().map(|a| a.mode)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs
index 13be377e9..885a4cdf7 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/codex.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use crate::user_notification::UserNotifier;
 use crate::util::error_or_panic;
 use async_channel::Receiver;
 use async_channel::Sender;
-use codex_app_server_protocol::AuthMode;
 use codex_protocol::ConversationId;
 use codex_protocol::items::TurnItem;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::FileChange;
@@ -643,14 +642,6 @@ impl Session {
         Ok(sess)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn get_auth_mode(&self) -> AuthMode {
-        self.services
-            .auth_manager
-            .auth()
-            .map(|a| a.mode)
-            .unwrap_or(AuthMode::ApiKey)
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn get_tx_event(&self) -> Sender<Event> {
         self.tx_event.clone()
     }
@@ -1486,9 +1477,6 @@ async fn submission_loop(sess: Arc<Session>, config: Arc<Config>, rx_sub: Receiv
             Op::Review { review_request } => {
                 handlers::review(&sess, &config, sub.id.clone(), review_request).await;
             }
-            Op::ListModels => {
-                handlers::list_models(&sess, sub.id.clone(), Some(sess.get_auth_mode())).await;
-            }
             _ => {} // Ignore unknown ops; enum is non_exhaustive to allow extensions.
         }
     }
@@ -1505,15 +1493,12 @@ mod handlers {
     use crate::config::Config;
     use crate::mcp::auth::compute_auth_statuses;
     use crate::mcp::collect_mcp_snapshot_from_manager;
-    use crate::openai_models::model_presets::builtin_model_presets;
     use crate::review_prompts::resolve_review_request;
     use crate::tasks::CompactTask;
     use crate::tasks::RegularTask;
     use crate::tasks::UndoTask;
     use crate::tasks::UserShellCommandTask;
-    use codex_app_server_protocol::AuthMode;
     use codex_protocol::custom_prompts::CustomPrompt;
-    use codex_protocol::openai_models::AvailableModelsEvent;
     use codex_protocol::protocol::CodexErrorInfo;
     use codex_protocol::protocol::ErrorEvent;
     use codex_protocol::protocol::Event;
@@ -1828,15 +1813,6 @@ mod handlers {
             }
         }
     }
-
-    pub async fn list_models(sess: &Arc<Session>, sub_id: String, auth_mode: Option<AuthMode>) {
-        let models = builtin_model_presets(auth_mode);
-        let event = Event {
-            id: sub_id,
-            msg: EventMsg::ListModelsResponse(AvailableModelsEvent { models }),
-        };
-        sess.send_event_raw(event).await;
-    }
 }
 
 /// Spawn a review thread using the given prompt.
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs
index 0f4577bf1..3ac09ec78 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/conversation_manager.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::codex_conversation::CodexConversation;
 use crate::config::Config;
 use crate::error::CodexErr;
 use crate::error::Result as CodexResult;
+use crate::openai_models::models_manager::ModelsManager;
 use crate::protocol::Event;
 use crate::protocol::EventMsg;
 use crate::protocol::SessionConfiguredEvent;
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ use crate::rollout::RolloutRecorder;
 use codex_protocol::ConversationId;
 use codex_protocol::items::TurnItem;
 use codex_protocol::models::ResponseItem;
+use codex_protocol::openai_models::ModelPreset;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::InitialHistory;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::RolloutItem;
 use codex_protocol::protocol::SessionSource;
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ pub struct NewConversation {
 pub struct ConversationManager {
     conversations: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<ConversationId, Arc<CodexConversation>>>>,
     auth_manager: Arc<AuthManager>,
+    models_manager: Arc<ModelsManager>,
     session_source: SessionSource,
 }
 
@@ -42,8 +45,9 @@ impl ConversationManager {
     pub fn new(auth_manager: Arc<AuthManager>, session_source: SessionSource) -> Self {
         Self {
             conversations: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
-            auth_manager,
+            auth_manager: auth_manager.clone(),
             session_source,
+            models_manager: Arc::new(ModelsManager::new(auth_manager.get_auth_mode())),
         }
     }
 
@@ -193,6 +197,10 @@ impl ConversationManager {
 
         self.finalize_spawn(codex, conversation_id).await
     }
+
+    pub async fn list_models(&self) -> Vec<ModelPreset> {
+        self.models_manager.available_models.read().await.clone()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Return a prefix of `items` obtained by cutting strictly before the nth user message
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/mod.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/mod.rs
index 7df68c4ab..13ee2e060 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 pub mod model_presets;
+pub mod models_manager;
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/models_manager.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/models_manager.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d57f1e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/openai_models/models_manager.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use codex_app_server_protocol::AuthMode;
+use codex_protocol::openai_models::ModelPreset;
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+
+use crate::openai_models::model_presets::builtin_model_presets;
+
+pub struct ModelsManager {
+    pub available_models: RwLock<Vec<ModelPreset>>,
+    pub etag: String,
+    pub auth_mode: Option<AuthMode>,
+}
+
+impl ModelsManager {
+    pub fn new(auth_mode: Option<AuthMode>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            available_models: RwLock::new(builtin_model_presets(auth_mode)),
+            etag: String::new(),
+            auth_mode,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn refresh_available_models(&self) {
+        let models = builtin_model_presets(self.auth_mode);
+        *self.available_models.write().await = models;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/src/rollout/policy.rs b/codex-rs/core/src/rollout/policy.rs
index 4b7d7d306..58072f933 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/src/rollout/policy.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/src/rollout/policy.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ pub(crate) fn should_persist_event_msg(ev: &EventMsg) -> bool {
         | EventMsg::Warning(_)
         | EventMsg::TaskStarted(_)
         | EventMsg::TaskComplete(_)
-        | EventMsg::ListModelsResponse(_)
         | EventMsg::AgentMessageDelta(_)
         | EventMsg::AgentReasoningDelta(_)
         | EventMsg::AgentReasoningRawContentDelta(_)
diff --git a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/list_models.rs b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/list_models.rs
index ecfe9138e..930382016 100644
--- a/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/list_models.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/list_models.rs
@@ -1,51 +1,30 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use codex_core::CodexAuth;
-use codex_core::protocol::EventMsg;
-use codex_core::protocol::Op;
+use codex_core::ConversationManager;
 use codex_protocol::openai_models::ModelPreset;
 use codex_protocol::openai_models::ReasoningEffort;
 use codex_protocol::openai_models::ReasoningEffortPreset;
-use core_test_support::responses::start_mock_server;
-use core_test_support::test_codex::test_codex;
-use core_test_support::wait_for_event_match;
 use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
 async fn list_models_returns_api_key_models() -> Result<()> {
-    let server = start_mock_server().await;
-    let mut builder = test_codex().with_auth(CodexAuth::from_api_key("sk-test"));
-    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;
-
-    test.codex.submit(Op::ListModels).await?;
-
-    let event = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |event| match event {
-        EventMsg::ListModelsResponse(models) => Some(models.clone()),
-        _ => None,
-    })
-    .await;
+    let manager = ConversationManager::with_auth(CodexAuth::from_api_key("sk-test"));
+    let models = manager.list_models().await;
 
     let expected_models = expected_models_for_api_key();
-    assert_eq!(expected_models, event.models);
+    assert_eq!(expected_models, models);
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
 async fn list_models_returns_chatgpt_models() -> Result<()> {
-    let server = start_mock_server().await;
-    let mut builder = test_codex().with_auth(CodexAuth::create_dummy_chatgpt_auth_for_testing());
-    let test = builder.build(&server).await?;
-
-    test.codex.submit(Op::ListModels).await?;
-
-    let event = wait_for_event_match(&test.codex, |event| match event {
-        EventMsg::ListModelsResponse(models) => Some(models.clone()),
-        _ => None,
-    })
-    .await;
+    let manager =
+        ConversationManager::with_auth(CodexAuth::create_dummy_chatgpt_auth_for_testing());
+    let models = manager.list_models().await;
 
     let expected_models = expected_models_for_chatgpt();
-    assert_eq!(expected_models, event.models);
+    assert_eq!(expected_models, models);
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/codex-rs/exec/src/event_processor_with_human_output.rs b/codex-rs/exec/src/event_processor_with_human_output.rs
index 17a167585..64a5358f3 100644
--- a/codex-rs/exec/src/event_processor_with_human_output.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/exec/src/event_processor_with_human_output.rs
@@ -583,7 +583,6 @@ impl EventProcessor for EventProcessorWithHumanOutput {
             | EventMsg::ReasoningContentDelta(_)
             | EventMsg::ReasoningRawContentDelta(_)
             | EventMsg::UndoCompleted(_)
-            | EventMsg::ListModelsResponse(_)
             | EventMsg::UndoStarted(_) => {}
         }
         CodexStatus::Running
diff --git a/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_runner.rs b/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_runner.rs
index 2b3fd0770..55808f17c 100644
--- a/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_runner.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/codex_tool_runner.rs
@@ -307,7 +307,6 @@ async fn run_codex_tool_session_inner(
                     | EventMsg::UndoCompleted(_)
                     | EventMsg::ExitedReviewMode(_)
                     | EventMsg::ContextCompacted(_)
-                    | EventMsg::ListModelsResponse(_)
                     | EventMsg::DeprecationNotice(_) => {
                         // For now, we do not do anything extra for these
                         // events. Note that
diff --git a/codex-rs/protocol/src/openai_models.rs b/codex-rs/protocol/src/openai_models.rs
index f9a05f9ff..b99c3bbde 100644
--- a/codex-rs/protocol/src/openai_models.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/protocol/src/openai_models.rs
@@ -35,11 +35,6 @@ pub enum ReasoningEffort {
     XHigh,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, TS, JsonSchema)]
-pub struct AvailableModelsEvent {
-    pub models: Vec<ModelPreset>,
-}
-
 /// A reasoning effort option that can be surfaced for a model.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, TS, JsonSchema, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ReasoningEffortPreset {
diff --git a/codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs b/codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs
index 6b787afe1..99d2ec70d 100644
--- a/codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/protocol/src/protocol.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use crate::message_history::HistoryEntry;
 use crate::models::ContentItem;
 use crate::models::ResponseItem;
 use crate::num_format::format_with_separators;
-use crate::openai_models::AvailableModelsEvent;
 use crate::openai_models::ReasoningEffort as ReasoningEffortConfig;
 use crate::parse_command::ParsedCommand;
 use crate::plan_tool::UpdatePlanArgs;
@@ -582,7 +581,6 @@ pub enum EventMsg {
     AgentMessageContentDelta(AgentMessageContentDeltaEvent),
     ReasoningContentDelta(ReasoningContentDeltaEvent),
     ReasoningRawContentDelta(ReasoningRawContentDeltaEvent),
-    ListModelsResponse(AvailableModelsEvent),
 }
 
 /// Codex errors that we expose to clients.
diff --git a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
index 2ae53bc0c..c4059dc85 100644
--- a/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/tui/src/chatwidget.rs
@@ -1842,7 +1842,6 @@ impl ChatWidget {
             | EventMsg::ItemCompleted(_)
             | EventMsg::AgentMessageContentDelta(_)
             | EventMsg::ReasoningContentDelta(_)
-            | EventMsg::ListModelsResponse(_)
             | EventMsg::ReasoningRawContentDelta(_) => {}
         }
     }