Enable more analyzers and various code tweaks/cleanup (#738)

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOpenTelemetry/Program.cs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ using var tracerProvider = Sdk.CreateTracerProviderBuilder()
     .AddSource(SourceName) // Our custom activity source
     .AddSource("Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Agents") // Agent Framework telemetry
     .AddHttpClientInstrumentation() // Capture HTTP calls to OpenAI
-    .AddOtlpExporter(options => { options.Endpoint = new Uri(otlpEndpoint); })
+    .AddOtlpExporter(options => options.Endpoint = new Uri(otlpEndpoint))
     .Build();
 
 // Setup metrics with resource and instrument name filtering
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ using var meterProvider = Sdk.CreateMeterProviderBuilder()
     .AddMeter("Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Agents") // Agent Framework metrics
     .AddHttpClientInstrumentation() // HTTP client metrics
     .AddRuntimeInstrumentation() // .NET runtime metrics
-    .AddOtlpExporter(options => { options.Endpoint = new Uri(otlpEndpoint); })
+    .AddOtlpExporter(options => options.Endpoint = new Uri(otlpEndpoint))
     .Build();
 
 // Setup structured logging with OpenTelemetry
@@ -62,10 +62,7 @@ serviceCollection.AddLogging(loggingBuilder => loggingBuilder
     .AddOpenTelemetry(options =>
     {
         options.SetResourceBuilder(ResourceBuilder.CreateDefault().AddService(ServiceName, serviceVersion: "1.0.0"));
-        options.AddOtlpExporter(otlpOptions =>
-        {
-            otlpOptions.Endpoint = new Uri(otlpEndpoint);
-        });
+        options.AddOtlpExporter(otlpOptions => otlpOptions.Endpoint = new Uri(otlpEndpoint));
         options.IncludeScopes = true;
         options.IncludeFormattedMessage = true;
     }));
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@ var deploymentName = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_OPENAI_DEPLOYMENT
 appLogger.LogInformation("OpenTelemetry Aspire Demo application started");
 
 [Description("Get the weather for a given location.")]
-static async Task<string> GetWeather([Description("The location to get the weather for.")] string location)
+static async Task<string> GetWeatherAsync([Description("The location to get the weather for.")] string location)
 {
     await Task.Delay(2000);
     return $"The weather in {location} is cloudy with a high of 15°C.";
@@ -109,7 +106,7 @@ using var instrumentedChatClient = new AzureOpenAIClient(new Uri(endpoint), new
         .AsIChatClient() // Converts a native OpenAI SDK ChatClient into a Microsoft.Extensions.AI.IChatClient
         .AsBuilder()
         .UseFunctionInvocation()
-        .UseOpenTelemetry(loggerFactory: loggerFactory, sourceName: SourceName, (cfg) => { cfg.EnableSensitiveData = true; })
+        .UseOpenTelemetry(loggerFactory: loggerFactory, sourceName: SourceName, (cfg) => cfg.EnableSensitiveData = true)
         .Build();
 
 appLogger.LogInformation("Creating Agent with OpenTelemetry instrumentation");
@@ -117,7 +114,7 @@ appLogger.LogInformation("Creating Agent with OpenTelemetry instrumentation");
 using var agent = new ChatClientAgent(instrumentedChatClient,
             name: "OpenTelemetryDemoAgent",
             instructions: "You are a helpful assistant that provides concise and informative responses.",
-            tools: [AIFunctionFactory.Create(GetWeather)])
+            tools: [AIFunctionFactory.Create(GetWeatherAsync)])
         .WithOpenTelemetry(loggerFactory, SourceName); // Enable telemetry on the agent
 
 var thread = agent.GetNewThread();
@@ -127,9 +124,10 @@ appLogger.LogInformation("Agent created successfully with ID: {AgentId}", agent.
 // Create a parent span for the entire agent session
 using var sessionActivity = activitySource.StartActivity("Agent Session");
 var sessionId = thread.ConversationId ?? Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
-sessionActivity?.SetTag("agent.name", "OpenTelemetryDemoAgent");
-sessionActivity?.SetTag("session.id", sessionId);
-sessionActivity?.SetTag("session.start_time", DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToString("O"));
+sessionActivity?
+    .SetTag("agent.name", "OpenTelemetryDemoAgent")
+    .SetTag("session.id", sessionId)
+    .SetTag("session.start_time", DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToString("O"));
 
 appLogger.LogInformation("Starting agent session with ID: {SessionId}", sessionId);
 using (appLogger.BeginScope(new Dictionary<string, object> { ["SessionId"] = sessionId, ["AgentName"] = "OpenTelemetryDemoAgent" }))
@@ -152,11 +150,12 @@ using (appLogger.BeginScope(new Dictionary<string, object> { ["SessionId"] = ses
 
         // Create a child span for each individual interaction
         using var activity = activitySource.StartActivity("Agent Interaction");
-        activity?.SetTag("user.input", userInput);
-        activity?.SetTag("agent.name", "OpenTelemetryDemoAgent");
-        activity?.SetTag("interaction.number", interactionCount);
+        activity?
+            .SetTag("user.input", userInput)
+            .SetTag("agent.name", "OpenTelemetryDemoAgent")
+            .SetTag("interaction.number", interactionCount);
 
-        var stopwatch = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
+        var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
 
         try
         {
@@ -197,9 +196,10 @@ using (appLogger.BeginScope(new Dictionary<string, object> { ["SessionId"] = ses
             responseTimeHistogram.Record(responseTime,
                 new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("status", "error"));
 
-            activity?.SetTag("response.success", false);
-            activity?.SetTag("error.message", ex.Message);
-            activity?.SetStatus(ActivityStatusCode.Error, ex.Message);
+            activity?
+                .SetTag("response.success", false)
+                .SetTag("error.message", ex.Message)
+                .SetStatus(ActivityStatusCode.Error, ex.Message);
 
             appLogger.LogError(ex, "Agent interaction #{InteractionNumber} failed after {ResponseTime:F2} seconds: {ErrorMessage}",
                 interactionCount, responseTime, ex.Message);
@@ -207,8 +207,9 @@ using (appLogger.BeginScope(new Dictionary<string, object> { ["SessionId"] = ses
     }
 
     // Add session summary to the parent span
-    sessionActivity?.SetTag("session.total_interactions", interactionCount);
-    sessionActivity?.SetTag("session.end_time", DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToString("O"));
+    sessionActivity?
+        .SetTag("session.total_interactions", interactionCount)
+        .SetTag("session.end_time", DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToString("O"));
 
     appLogger.LogInformation("Agent session completed. Total interactions: {TotalInteractions}", interactionCount);
 } // End of logging scope

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/AgentSample.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
         AzureAIAgentsPersistent
     }
 
-    protected IChatClient GetChatClient(ChatClientProviders provider, ChatClientAgentOptions? options = null)
+    protected static IChatClient GetChatClient(ChatClientProviders provider, ChatClientAgentOptions? options = null)
         => provider switch
         {
             ChatClientProviders.OpenAIChatCompletion => GetOpenAIChatClient(),
@@ -46,14 +46,6 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
             _ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Provider {provider} is not supported.")
         };
 
-    protected ChatOptions? GetChatOptions(ChatClientProviders? provider)
-        => provider switch
-        {
-            ChatClientProviders.OpenAIResponses_InMemoryMessageThread => new() { RawRepresentationFactory = static (_) => new ResponseCreationOptions() { StoredOutputEnabled = false } },
-            ChatClientProviders.OpenAIResponses_ConversationIdThread => new() { RawRepresentationFactory = static (_) => new ResponseCreationOptions() { StoredOutputEnabled = true } },
-            _ => null
-        };
-
     /// <summary>
     /// For providers that store the agent and the thread on the server side, this will clean and delete
     /// any sample agent and thread that was created during this execution.
@@ -65,16 +57,14 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
     /// <remarks>
     /// Ideally for faster execution and potential cost savings, server-side agents should be reused.
     /// </remarks>
-    protected Task AgentCleanUpAsync(ChatClientProviders provider, AIAgent agent, AgentThread? thread = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
-    {
-        return provider switch
+    protected static Task AgentCleanUpAsync(ChatClientProviders provider, AIAgent agent, AgentThread? thread = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        => provider switch
         {
             ChatClientProviders.AzureAIAgentsPersistent => AzureAIAgentsPersistentAgentCleanUpAsync(agent, thread, cancellationToken),
             ChatClientProviders.OpenAIAssistant => OpenAIAssistantCleanUpAgentAsync(agent, thread, cancellationToken),
             // For other remaining provider sample types, no cleanup is needed as they don't offer a server-side agent/thread clean-up API.
             _ => Task.CompletedTask
         };
-    }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates a server-side agent identifier based on the specified provider and options.
@@ -84,23 +74,21 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
     /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to monitor for cancellation requests. The default is <see cref="CancellationToken.None"/>.</param>
     /// <returns>The identifier of the created agent, or <see langword="null"/> if the provider does not use server-side agents.</returns>
     /// <remarks>Some server-side agent providers require an agent id reference to be created before it can be invoked.</remarks>
-    protected Task<string?> AgentCreateAsync(ChatClientProviders provider, ChatClientAgentOptions options, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
-    {
-        return provider switch
+    protected static Task<string?> AgentCreateAsync(ChatClientProviders provider, ChatClientAgentOptions options, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        => provider switch
         {
             ChatClientProviders.OpenAIAssistant => OpenAIAssistantCreateAgentAsync(options, cancellationToken),
             ChatClientProviders.AzureAIAgentsPersistent => AzureAIAgentsPersistentCreateAgentAsync(options, cancellationToken),
             _ => Task.FromResult<string?>(null)
         };
-    }
 
     #region Private GetChatClient
 
-    private IChatClient GetOpenAIChatClient()
+    private static IChatClient GetOpenAIChatClient()
         => new ChatClient(TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ChatModelId, TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ApiKey)
             .AsIChatClient();
 
-    private IChatClient GetAzureOpenAIChatClient()
+    private static IChatClient GetAzureOpenAIChatClient()
         => ((TestConfiguration.AzureOpenAI.ApiKey is null)
             // Use Azure CLI credentials if API key is not provided.
             ? new AzureOpenAIClient(TestConfiguration.AzureOpenAI.Endpoint, new AzureCliCredential())
@@ -108,23 +96,23 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
                 .GetChatClient(TestConfiguration.AzureOpenAI.DeploymentName)
                 .AsIChatClient();
 
-    private IChatClient GetOpenAIResponsesClient()
+    private static IChatClient GetOpenAIResponsesClient()
         => new OpenAIResponseClient(TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ChatModelId, TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ApiKey)
         .AsIChatClient();
 
-    private IChatClient GetAzureAIAgentPersistentClient(ChatClientAgentOptions options)
+    private static IChatClient GetAzureAIAgentPersistentClient(ChatClientAgentOptions options)
         => new PersistentAgentsClient(TestConfiguration.AzureAI.Endpoint, new AzureCliCredential()).AsNewIChatClient(options.Id!);
 
-    private IChatClient GetOpenAIAssistantChatClient(ChatClientAgentOptions options)
+    private static IChatClient GetOpenAIAssistantChatClient(ChatClientAgentOptions options)
         => new AssistantClient(TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ApiKey).AsIChatClient(options.Id!);
 
     #endregion
 
     #region Private AgentCreate
 
-    private async Task<string?> AzureAIAgentsPersistentCreateAgentAsync(ChatClientAgentOptions options, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    private static async Task<string?> AzureAIAgentsPersistentCreateAgentAsync(ChatClientAgentOptions options, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
-        var persistentAgentsClient = new Azure.AI.Agents.Persistent.PersistentAgentsAdministrationClient(
+        var persistentAgentsClient = new PersistentAgentsAdministrationClient(
             TestConfiguration.AzureAI.Endpoint,
             new AzureCliCredential());
 
@@ -138,9 +126,9 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
         return result?.Value.Id;
     }
 
-    private async Task<string?> OpenAIAssistantCreateAgentAsync(ChatClientAgentOptions options, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    private static async Task<string?> OpenAIAssistantCreateAgentAsync(ChatClientAgentOptions options, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
-        var assistantClient = new OpenAI.Assistants.AssistantClient(TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ApiKey);
+        var assistantClient = new AssistantClient(TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ApiKey);
         Assistant assistant = await assistantClient.CreateAssistantAsync(
             TestConfiguration.OpenAI.ChatModelId,
             new()
@@ -157,7 +145,7 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
 
     #region Private AgentCleanUp
 
-    private async Task AzureAIAgentsPersistentAgentCleanUpAsync(AIAgent agent, AgentThread? thread, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    private static async Task AzureAIAgentsPersistentAgentCleanUpAsync(AIAgent agent, AgentThread? thread, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
         var persistentAgentsClient = (agent as ChatClientAgent)?.ChatClient.GetService<PersistentAgentsClient>() ??
             throw new InvalidOperationException("The provided chat client is not a Persistent Agents Chat Client");
@@ -171,7 +159,7 @@ public class AgentSample(ITestOutputHelper output) : BaseSample(output)
         }
     }
 
-    private async Task OpenAIAssistantCleanUpAgentAsync(AIAgent agent, AgentThread? thread, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    private static async Task OpenAIAssistantCleanUpAgentAsync(AIAgent agent, AgentThread? thread, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
         var assistantClient = (agent as ChatClientAgent)?.ChatClient
             .GetService<AssistantClient>()

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/ConcurrentOrchestration_Intro.cs

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ public class ConcurrentOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestra
     {
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent physicist =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "You are an expert in physics. You answer questions from a physics perspective.",
                 description: "An expert in physics");
         ChatClientAgent chemist =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "You are an expert in chemistry. You answer questions from a chemistry perspective.",
                 description: "An expert in chemistry");
 
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ public class ConcurrentOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestra
             new(physicist, chemist)
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
-                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallback : null,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
+                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallbackAsync : null,
             };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        string input = "What is temperature?";
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {input}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(input);
+        const string Input = "What is temperature?";
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Input}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Input);
 
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT:\n{string.Join("\n\n", result.Messages.Select(r => $"{r.Text}"))}");
 

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/ConcurrentOrchestration_With_StructuredOutput.cs

@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ public class ConcurrentOrchestration_With_StructuredOutput(ITestOutputHelper out
     {
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent agent1 =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "You are an expert in identifying themes in articles. Given an article, identify the main themes.",
                 description: "An expert in identifying themes in articles");
         ChatClientAgent agent2 =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "You are an expert in sentiment analysis. Given an article, identify the sentiment.",
                 description: "An expert in sentiment analysis");
         ChatClientAgent agent3 =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "You are an expert in entity recognition. Given an article, extract the entities.",
                 description: "An expert in entity recognition");
 
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ public class ConcurrentOrchestration_With_StructuredOutput(ITestOutputHelper out
         ConcurrentOrchestration orchestration = new(agent1, agent2, agent3) { LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        const string resourceId = "Hamlet_full_play_summary.txt";
-        string input = Resources.Read(resourceId);
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: @{resourceId}\n");
+        const string ResourceId = "Hamlet_full_play_summary.txt";
+        string input = Resources.Read(ResourceId);
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: @{ResourceId}\n");
 
-        var output = await orchestration.RunAsync<Analysis>(this.CreateChatClient(), input);
+        var output = await orchestration.RunAsync<Analysis>(CreateChatClient(), input);
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT:\n{JsonSerializer.Serialize(output, s_options)}");
     }
 
@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@ public class ConcurrentOrchestration_With_StructuredOutput(ITestOutputHelper out
         public IList<string> Sentiments { get; set; } = [];
         public IList<string> Entities { get; set; } = [];
     }
-#pragma warning restore CA1812 // Avoid uninstantiated internal classes
+#pragma warning restore CA1812
 }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/GroupChatOrchestration_Intro.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestrat
     {
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent writer =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "CopyWriter",
                 description: "A copy writer",
                 instructions:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestrat
                 Consider suggestions when refining an idea.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent editor =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Reviewer",
                 description: "An editor.",
                 instructions:
@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestrat
             editor)
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
-                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallback : null,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
+                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallbackAsync : null,
             };
 
-        string input = "Create a slogon for a new eletric SUV that is affordable and fun to drive.";
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {input}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(input);
+        const string Input = "Create a slogon for a new eletric SUV that is affordable and fun to drive.";
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Input}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Input);
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT: {result}");
 
         this.DisplayHistory(monitor.History);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
     {
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent farmer =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Farmer",
                 description: "A rural farmer from Southeast Asia.",
                 instructions:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 You are in a debate. Feel free to challenge the other participants with respect.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent developer =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Developer",
                 description: "An urban software developer from the United States.",
                 instructions:
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 You are in a debate. Feel free to challenge the other participants with respect.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent teacher =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Teacher",
                 description: "A retired history teacher from Eastern Europe",
                 instructions:
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 You are in a debate. Feel free to challenge the other participants with respect.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent activist =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Activist",
                 description: "A young activist from South America.",
                 instructions:
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 You are in a debate. Feel free to challenge the other participants with respect.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent spiritual =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "SpiritualLeader",
                 description: "A spiritual leader from the Middle East.",
                 instructions:
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 You are in a debate. Feel free to challenge the other participants with respect.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent artist =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Artist",
                 description: "An artist from Africa.",
                 instructions:
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 You are in a debate. Feel free to challenge the other participants with respect.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent immigrant =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Immigrant",
                 description: "An immigrant entrepreneur from Asia living in Canada.",
                 instructions:
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 You are in a debate. Feel free to challenge the other participants with respect.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent doctor =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Doctor",
                 description: "A doctor from Scandinavia.",
                 instructions:
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
         OrchestrationMonitor monitor = new();
 
         // Define the orchestration
-        const string topic = "What does a good life mean to you personally?";
+        const string Topic = "What does a good life mean to you personally?";
         GroupChatOrchestration orchestration =
             new(
                 new AIGroupChatManager(
-                    topic,
-                    this.CreateChatClient())
+                    Topic,
+                    CreateChatClient())
                 {
                     MaximumInvocationCount = 5
                 },
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
                 doctor)
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
             };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {topic}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(topic);
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Topic}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Topic);
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT: {result}");
 
         this.DisplayHistory(monitor.History);
@@ -167,21 +167,21 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_AIManager(ITestOutputHelper output) : O
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<string>> FilterResults(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) =>
+        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<string>> FilterResultsAsync(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) =>
             this.GetResponseAsync<string>(history, Prompts.Filter(topic), cancellationToken);
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<string>> SelectNextAgent(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, GroupChatTeam team, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) =>
+        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<string>> SelectNextAgentAsync(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, GroupChatTeam team, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) =>
             this.GetResponseAsync<string>(history, Prompts.Selection(topic, team.FormatList()), cancellationToken);
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<bool>> ShouldRequestUserInput(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) =>
+        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<bool>> ShouldRequestUserInputAsync(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) =>
             new(new GroupChatManagerResult<bool>(false) { Reason = "The AI group chat manager does not request user input." });
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        protected override async ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<bool>> ShouldTerminate(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        protected override async ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<bool>> ShouldTerminateAsync(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
-            GroupChatManagerResult<bool> result = await base.ShouldTerminate(history, cancellationToken);
+            GroupChatManagerResult<bool> result = await base.ShouldTerminateAsync(history, cancellationToken);
             if (!result.Value)
             {
                 result = await this.GetResponseAsync<bool>(history, Prompts.Termination(topic), cancellationToken);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/GroupChatOrchestration_With_HumanInTheLoop.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_HumanInTheLoop(ITestOutputHelper output
     {
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent writer =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "CopyWriter",
                 description: "A copy writer",
                 instructions:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_HumanInTheLoop(ITestOutputHelper output
                 Consider suggestions when refining an idea.
                 """);
         ChatClientAgent editor =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Reviewer",
                 description: "An editor.",
                 instructions:
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_HumanInTheLoop(ITestOutputHelper output
                 editor)
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
             };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        string input = "Create a slogon for a new eletric SUV that is affordable and fun to drive.";
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {input}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(input);
+        const string Input = "Create a slogon for a new eletric SUV that is affordable and fun to drive.";
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Input}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Input);
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT: {result}");
 
         this.DisplayHistory(monitor.History);
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class GroupChatOrchestration_With_HumanInTheLoop(ITestOutputHelper output
     /// </remarks>
     private sealed class CustomRoundRobinGroupChatManager : RoundRobinGroupChatManager
     {
-        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<bool>> ShouldRequestUserInput(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        protected override ValueTask<GroupChatManagerResult<bool>> ShouldRequestUserInputAsync(IReadOnlyCollection<ChatMessage> history, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
             string? lastAgent = history.LastOrDefault()?.AuthorName;
 

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/HandoffOrchestration_Intro.cs

@@ -20,24 +20,24 @@ public class HandoffOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestratio
     {
         // Define the agents & tools
         ChatClientAgent triageAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "A customer support agent that triages issues.",
                 name: "TriageAgent",
                 description: "Handle customer requests.");
         ChatClientAgent statusAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "OrderStatusAgent",
                 instructions: "Handle order status requests.",
                 description: "A customer support agent that checks order status.",
                 functions: AIFunctionFactory.Create(OrderFunctions.CheckOrderStatus));
         ChatClientAgent returnAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "OrderReturnAgent",
                 instructions: "Handle order return requests.",
                 description: "A customer support agent that handles order returns.",
                 functions: AIFunctionFactory.Create(OrderFunctions.ProcessReturn));
         ChatClientAgent refundAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "OrderRefundAgent",
                 instructions: "Handle order refund requests.",
                 description: "A customer support agent that handles order refund.",
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class HandoffOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestratio
         OrchestrationMonitor monitor = new();
         // Define user responses for InteractiveCallback (since sample is not interactive)
         Queue<string> responses = new();
-        string task = "I am a customer that needs help with my orders";
+        const string Task = "I am a customer that needs help with my orders";
         responses.Enqueue("I'd like to track the status of my order");
         responses.Enqueue("My order ID is 123");
         responses.Enqueue("I want to return another order of mine");
@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ public class HandoffOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestratio
                     return new(input);
                 },
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
-                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallback : null,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
+                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallbackAsync : null,
             };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT:\n{task}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(task);
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT:\n{Task}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Task);
 
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT: {result}");
 

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/HandoffOrchestration_With_StructuredInput.cs

@@ -22,18 +22,18 @@ public class HandoffOrchestration_With_StructuredInput(ITestOutputHelper output)
 
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent triageAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "Given a GitHub issue, triage it.",
                 name: "TriageAgent",
                 description: "An agent that triages GitHub issues");
         ChatClientAgent pythonAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "You are an agent that handles Python related GitHub issues.",
                 name: "PythonAgent",
                 description: "An agent that handles Python related issues",
                 functions: githubAddLabelFunction);
         ChatClientAgent dotnetAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 instructions: "You are an agent that handles .NET related GitHub issues.",
                 name: "DotNetAgent",
                 description: "An agent that handles .NET related issues",
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class HandoffOrchestration_With_StructuredInput(ITestOutputHelper output)
                     .Add(triageAgent, [dotnetAgent, pythonAgent]))
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
             };
 
         GithubIssue input =
@@ -105,9 +105,6 @@ public class HandoffOrchestration_With_StructuredInput(ITestOutputHelper output)
     {
         public Dictionary<string, string[]> Labels { get; } = [];
 
-        public void AddLabels(string issueId, params string[] labels)
-        {
-            this.Labels[issueId] = labels;
-        }
+        public void AddLabels(string issueId, params string[] labels) => this.Labels[issueId] = labels;
     }
 }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/SequentialOrchestration_Foundry_Agents.cs

@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_Foundry_Agents(ITestOutputHelper output) :
             new(analystAgent, writerAgent, editorAgent)
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
-                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallback : null,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
+                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallbackAsync : null,
             };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        string input = "An eco-friendly stainless steel water bottle that keeps drinks cold for 24 hours";
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {input}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(input);
+        const string Input = "An eco-friendly stainless steel water bottle that keeps drinks cold for 24 hours";
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Input}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Input);
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT: {result}");
 
         this.DisplayHistory(monitor.History);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/SequentialOrchestration_Intro.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestra
     {
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent analystAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "Analyst",
                 instructions:
                 """
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestra
                 """,
                 description: "A agent that extracts key concepts from a product description.");
         ChatClientAgent writerAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "copywriter",
                 instructions:
                 """
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestra
                 """,
                 description: "An agent that writes a marketing copy based on the extracted concepts.");
         ChatClientAgent editorAgent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 name: "editor",
                 instructions:
                 """
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_Intro(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orchestra
             new(analystAgent, writerAgent, editorAgent)
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
-                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallback : null,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
+                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallbackAsync : null,
             };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        string input = "An eco-friendly stainless steel water bottle that keeps drinks cold for 24 hours";
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {input}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(input);
+        const string Input = "An eco-friendly stainless steel water bottle that keeps drinks cold for 24 hours";
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Input}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Input);
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT: {result}");
 
         this.DisplayHistory(monitor.History);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/SequentialOrchestration_Multi_Agent.cs

@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_Multi_Agent(ITestOutputHelper output) : Orc
             new(analystAgent, writerAgent, editorAgent)
             {
                 LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory,
-                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallback,
-                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallback : null,
+                ResponseCallback = monitor.ResponseCallbackAsync,
+                StreamingResponseCallback = streamedResponse ? monitor.StreamingResultCallbackAsync : null,
             };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        string input = "An eco-friendly stainless steel water bottle that keeps drinks cold for 24 hours";
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {input}\n");
-        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(input);
+        const string Input = "An eco-friendly stainless steel water bottle that keeps drinks cold for 24 hours";
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Input}\n");
+        AgentRunResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync(Input);
         Console.WriteLine($"\n# RESULT: {result}");
 
         this.DisplayHistory(monitor.History);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/AgentOrchestration/Orchestration/SequentialOrchestration_With_Cancellation.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_With_Cancellation(ITestOutputHelper output)
     {
         // Define the agents
         ChatClientAgent agent =
-            this.CreateAgent(
+            CreateAgent(
                 """
                 If the input message is a number, return the number incremented by one.
                 """,
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ public class SequentialOrchestration_With_Cancellation(ITestOutputHelper output)
         SequentialOrchestration orchestration = new(agent) { LoggerFactory = this.LoggerFactory };
 
         // Run the orchestration
-        string input = "42";
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {input}\n");
+        const string Input = "42";
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n# INPUT: {Input}\n");
 
-        OrchestratingAgentResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync([new ChatMessage(ChatRole.User, input)]);
+        OrchestratingAgentResponse result = await orchestration.RunAsync([new ChatMessage(ChatRole.User, Input)]);
 
         result.Cancel();
         await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Agents/Agent_Step05_StructuredOutput/Program.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ ChatClientAgentOptions agentOptions = new(name: "HelpfulAssistant", instructions
 {
     ChatOptions = new()
     {
-        ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
+        ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(
             schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(PersonInfo)),
             schemaName: "PersonInfo",
             schemaDescription: "Information about a person including their name, age, and occupation")

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Agents/Agent_Step07_3rdPartyThreadStorage/Program.cs

@@ -84,15 +84,13 @@ namespace SampleApp
         {
             this._vectorStore = vectorStore ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(vectorStore));
 
-            if (serializedStoreState.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)
+            if (serializedStoreState.ValueKind is JsonValueKind.String)
             {
                 // Here we can deserialize the thread id so that we can access the same messages as before the suspension.
-                this._threadId = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<string>(serializedStoreState);
+                this._threadId = serializedStoreState.Deserialize<string>();
             }
         }
 
-        public string? ThreadId => this._threadId;
-
         public async Task AddMessagesAsync(IEnumerable<ChatMessage> messages, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             this._threadId ??= Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
@@ -122,18 +120,15 @@ namespace SampleApp
                     cancellationToken)
                 .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
 
-            var messages = records
-                .Select(x => JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ChatMessage>(x.SerializedMessage!)!)
-                .ToList();
+            var messages = records.ConvertAll(x => JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ChatMessage>(x.SerializedMessage!)!)
+;
             messages.Reverse();
             return messages;
         }
 
-        public ValueTask<JsonElement?> SerializeStateAsync(JsonSerializerOptions? jsonSerializerOptions = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
-        {
+        public ValueTask<JsonElement?> SerializeStateAsync(JsonSerializerOptions? jsonSerializerOptions = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) =>
             // We have to serialize the thread id, so that on deserialization we can retrieve the messages using the same thread id.
-            return new ValueTask<JsonElement?>(JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(this._threadId));
-        }
+            new(JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(this._threadId));
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The data structure used to store chat history items in the vector store.

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Agents/Agent_Step09_DependencyInjection/Program.cs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ internal sealed class SampleService(AIAgent agent, [FromKeyedServices("AppShutdo
         // Delay a little to allow the service to finish starting.
         await Task.Delay(100, cancellationToken);
 
-        while (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested is false)
+        while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
         {
             Console.WriteLine("\nAgent: Ask me to tell you a joke about a specific topic. To exit just press Ctrl+C or enter without any input.\n");
             Console.Write("> ");
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ internal sealed class SampleService(AIAgent agent, [FromKeyedServices("AppShutdo
             }
 
             // Stream the output to the console as it is generated.
-            await foreach (var update in agent.RunStreamingAsync(input, this._thread!, cancellationToken: cancellationToken))
+            await foreach (var update in agent.RunStreamingAsync(input, this._thread, cancellationToken: cancellationToken))
             {
                 Console.Write(update);
             }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Agents/Agent_Step13_Memory/Program.cs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace SampleApp
         public UserInfoMemory(IChatClient chatClient, JsonElement serializedState, JsonSerializerOptions? jsonSerializerOptions = null)
         {
             this._chatClient = chatClient;
-            this.UserInfo = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<UserInfo>(serializedState, jsonSerializerOptions) ?? new UserInfo();
+            this.UserInfo = serializedState.Deserialize<UserInfo>(jsonSerializerOptions) ?? new UserInfo();
         }
 
         public UserInfo UserInfo { get; set; }
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace SampleApp
         public override async ValueTask InvokedAsync(InvokedContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
             // Try and extract the user name and age from the message if we don't have it already and it's a user message.
-            if ((this.UserInfo.UserName == null || this.UserInfo.UserAge == null) && context.RequestMessages.Any(x => x.Role == ChatRole.User))
+            if ((this.UserInfo.UserName is null || this.UserInfo.UserAge is null) && context.RequestMessages.Any(x => x.Role == ChatRole.User))
             {
                 var result = await this._chatClient.GetResponseAsync<UserInfo>(
                     context.RequestMessages,
@@ -130,15 +130,15 @@ namespace SampleApp
             StringBuilder instructions = new();
 
             // If we don't already know the user's name and age, add instructions to ask for them, otherwise just provide what we have to the context.
-            instructions.AppendLine(
-                this.UserInfo.UserName == null ?
-                "Ask the user for their name and politely decline to answer any questions until they provide it." :
-                $"The user's name is {this.UserInfo.UserName}.");
-
-            instructions.AppendLine(
-                this.UserInfo.UserAge == null ?
-                "Ask the user for their age and politely decline to answer any questions until they provide it." :
-                $"The user's age is {this.UserInfo.UserAge}.");
+            instructions
+                .AppendLine(
+                    this.UserInfo.UserName is null ?
+                        "Ask the user for their name and politely decline to answer any questions until they provide it." :
+                        $"The user's name is {this.UserInfo.UserName}.")
+                .AppendLine(
+                    this.UserInfo.UserAge is null ?
+                        "Ask the user for their age and politely decline to answer any questions until they provide it." :
+                        $"The user's age is {this.UserInfo.UserAge}.");
 
             return new ValueTask<AIContext>(new AIContext
             {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace SampleApp
 
         public override ValueTask DeserializeAsync(JsonElement serializedState, JsonSerializerOptions? jsonSerializerOptions = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
-            this.UserInfo = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<UserInfo>(serializedState, jsonSerializerOptions) ?? new UserInfo();
+            this.UserInfo = serializedState.Deserialize<UserInfo>(jsonSerializerOptions) ?? new UserInfo();
             return default;
         }
     }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/ModelContextProtocol/Agent_MCP_Server_Auth/Program.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Linq;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Net.Http;
 using System.Text;
@@ -13,7 +12,6 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.Web;
 using Azure.AI.OpenAI;
 using Azure.Identity;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Agents;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using ModelContextProtocol.Client;
@@ -30,10 +28,7 @@ using var sharedHandler = new SocketsHttpHandler
 };
 using var httpClient = new HttpClient(sharedHandler);
 
-var consoleLoggerFactory = LoggerFactory.Create(builder =>
-{
-    builder.AddConsole();
-});
+var consoleLoggerFactory = LoggerFactory.Create(builder => builder.AddConsole());
 
 // Create SSE client transport for the MCP server
 var serverUrl = "http://localhost:7071/";
@@ -59,7 +54,7 @@ AIAgent agent = new AzureOpenAIClient(
     new Uri(endpoint),
     new AzureCliCredential())
      .GetChatClient(deploymentName)
-     .CreateAIAgent(instructions: "You answer questions related to the weather.", tools: [.. mcpTools.Select(mcpTool => (AITool)mcpTool)]);
+     .CreateAIAgent(instructions: "You answer questions related to the weather.", tools: [.. mcpTools]);
 
 // Invoke the agent and output the text result.
 Console.WriteLine(await agent.RunAsync("Get current weather alerts for New York?"));
@@ -92,8 +87,8 @@ static async Task<string?> HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync(Uri authorizationUrl, Uri
         var code = query["code"];
         var error = query["error"];
 
-        string responseHtml = "<html><body><h1>Authentication complete</h1><p>You can close this window now.</p></body></html>";
-        byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseHtml);
+        const string ResponseHtml = "<html><body><h1>Authentication complete</h1><p>You can close this window now.</p></body></html>";
+        byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(ResponseHtml);
         context.Response.ContentLength64 = buffer.Length;
         context.Response.ContentType = "text/html";
         context.Response.OutputStream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Agents/CustomAgentExecutors/Program.cs

@@ -44,17 +44,16 @@ public static class Program
         var feedbackProvider = new FeedbackExecutor(chatClient);
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
-        WorkflowBuilder builder = new(sloganWriter);
-        builder.AddEdge(sloganWriter, feedbackProvider);
-        builder.AddEdge(feedbackProvider, sloganWriter);
-        var workflow = builder.Build<string>();
+        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(sloganWriter)
+            .AddEdge(sloganWriter, feedbackProvider)
+            .AddEdge(feedbackProvider, sloganWriter)
+            .Build<string>();
 
         // Execute the workflow
-        var ask = "Create a slogan for a new electric SUV that is affordable and fun to drive.";
-        StreamingRun run = await InProcessExecution.StreamAsync(workflow, ask);
+        StreamingRun run = await InProcessExecution.StreamAsync(workflow, "Create a slogan for a new electric SUV that is affordable and fun to drive.");
         await foreach (WorkflowEvent evt in run.WatchStreamAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))
         {
-            if (evt is SloganGeneratedEvent || evt is FeedbackEvent)
+            if (evt is SloganGeneratedEvent or FeedbackEvent)
             {
                 // Custom events to allow us to monitor the progress of the workflow.
                 Console.WriteLine($"{evt}");
@@ -114,10 +113,6 @@ internal sealed class SloganWriterExecutor
       IMessageHandler<string, SloganResult>,
       IMessageHandler<FeedbackResult, SloganResult>
 {
-    private const string Instruction = """
-        You are a professional slogan writer. You will be given a task to create a slogan.
-        """;
-
     private readonly AIAgent _agent;
     private readonly AgentThread _thread;
 
@@ -127,13 +122,11 @@ internal sealed class SloganWriterExecutor
     /// <param name="chatClient">The chat client to use for the AI agent.</param>
     public SloganWriterExecutor(IChatClient chatClient)
     {
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: Instruction)
+        ChatClientAgentOptions agentOptions = new(instructions: "You are a professional slogan writer. You will be given a task to create a slogan.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(SloganResult))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(SloganResult)))
             }
         };
 
@@ -184,10 +177,6 @@ internal sealed class FeedbackEvent(FeedbackResult feedbackResult) : WorkflowEve
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed class FeedbackExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<FeedbackExecutor>, IMessageHandler<SloganResult>
 {
-    private const string Instruction = """
-        You are a professional editor. You will be given a slogan and the task it is meant to accomplish.
-        """;
-
     private readonly AIAgent _agent;
     private readonly AgentThread _thread;
 
@@ -195,7 +184,7 @@ internal sealed class FeedbackExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<FeedbackExecutor>, I
 
     public int MaxAttempts { get; init; } = 3;
 
-    private int _attempts = 0;
+    private int _attempts;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="FeedbackExecutor"/> class.
@@ -203,13 +192,11 @@ internal sealed class FeedbackExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<FeedbackExecutor>, I
     /// <param name="chatClient">The chat client to use for the AI agent.</param>
     public FeedbackExecutor(IChatClient chatClient)
     {
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: Instruction)
+        ChatClientAgentOptions agentOptions = new(instructions: "You are a professional editor. You will be given a slogan and the task it is meant to accomplish.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(FeedbackResult))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(FeedbackResult)))
             }
         };
 
@@ -229,11 +216,13 @@ internal sealed class FeedbackExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<FeedbackExecutor>, I
         var feedback = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<FeedbackResult>(response.Text) ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to deserialize feedback.");
 
         await context.AddEventAsync(new FeedbackEvent(feedback));
+
         if (feedback.Rating >= this.MinimumRating)
         {
             await context.AddEventAsync(new WorkflowCompletedEvent($"The following slogan was accepted:\n\n{message.Slogan}"));
             return;
         }
+
         if (this._attempts >= this.MaxAttempts)
         {
             await context.AddEventAsync(new WorkflowCompletedEvent($"The slogan was rejected after {this.MaxAttempts} attempts. Final slogan:\n\n{message.Slogan}"));

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Agents/FoundryAgent/Program.cs

@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ public static class Program
         AIAgent englishAgent = await GetTranslationAgentAsync("English", persistentAgentsClient, model);
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
-        WorkflowBuilder builder = new(frenchAgent);
-        builder.AddEdge(frenchAgent, spanishAgent);
-        builder.AddEdge(spanishAgent, englishAgent);
-        var workflow = builder.Build<ChatMessage>();
+        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(frenchAgent)
+            .AddEdge(frenchAgent, spanishAgent)
+            .AddEdge(spanishAgent, englishAgent)
+            .Build<ChatMessage>();
 
         // Execute the workflow
         StreamingRun run = await InProcessExecution.StreamAsync(workflow, new ChatMessage(ChatRole.User, "Hello World!"));
@@ -71,11 +71,10 @@ public static class Program
         PersistentAgentsClient persistentAgentsClient,
         string model)
     {
-        string instructions = $"You are a translation assistant that translates the provided text to {targetLanguage}.";
         var agentMetadata = await persistentAgentsClient.Administration.CreateAgentAsync(
             model: model,
             name: $"{targetLanguage} Translator",
-            instructions: instructions);
+            instructions: $"You are a translation assistant that translates the provided text to {targetLanguage}.");
 
         return await persistentAgentsClient.GetAIAgentAsync(agentMetadata.Value.Id);
     }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Agents/WorkflowAsAnAgent/Program.cs

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public static class Program
             Dictionary<string, List<AgentRunResponseUpdate>> buffer = [];
             await foreach (AgentRunResponseUpdate update in agent.RunStreamingAsync(input, thread).ConfigureAwait(false))
             {
-                if (update.MessageId == null)
+                if (update.MessageId is null)
                 {
                     // skip updates that don't have a message ID
                     continue;

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Agents/WorkflowAsAnAgent/WorkflowHelper.cs

@@ -26,11 +26,10 @@ internal static class WorkflowHelper
         AIAgent englishAgent = GetLanguageAgent("English", chatClient);
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
-        WorkflowBuilder builder = new(startExecutor);
-        builder.AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, targets: [frenchAgent, englishAgent]);
-        builder.AddFanInEdge(aggregationExecutor, sources: [frenchAgent, englishAgent]);
-
-        return builder.Build<List<ChatMessage>>();
+        return new WorkflowBuilder(startExecutor)
+            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, targets: [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
+            .AddFanInEdge(aggregationExecutor, sources: [frenchAgent, englishAgent])
+            .Build<List<ChatMessage>>();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -39,11 +38,8 @@ internal static class WorkflowHelper
     /// <param name="targetLanguage">The target language for translation</param>
     /// <param name="chatClient">The chat client to use for the agent</param>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for the specified language</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetLanguageAgent(string targetLanguage, IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = $"You're a helpful assistant who always responds in {targetLanguage}.";
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, instructions, name: $"{targetLanguage}Agent");
-    }
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetLanguageAgent(string targetLanguage, IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, instructions: $"You're a helpful assistant who always responds in {targetLanguage}.", name: $"{targetLanguage}Agent");
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Executor that starts the concurrent processing by sending messages to the agents.

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Checkpoint/CheckpointAndRehydrate/Program.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public static class Program
                 // Checkpoints are automatically created at the end of each super step when a
                 // checkpoint manager is provided. You can store the checkpoint info for later use.
                 CheckpointInfo? checkpoint = superStepCompletedEvt.CompletionInfo!.Checkpoint;
-                if (checkpoint != null)
+                if (checkpoint is not null)
                 {
                     checkpoints.Add(checkpoint);
                     Console.WriteLine($"** Checkpoint created at step {checkpoints.Count}.");
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ public static class Program
 
         // Rehydrate a new workflow instance from a saved checkpoint and continue execution
         var newWorkflow = WorkflowHelper.GetWorkflow();
-        var checkpointIndex = 5;
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n\nHydrating a new workflow instance from the {checkpointIndex + 1}th checkpoint.");
-        CheckpointInfo savedCheckpoint = checkpoints[checkpointIndex];
+        const int CheckpointIndex = 5;
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n\nHydrating a new workflow instance from the {CheckpointIndex + 1}th checkpoint.");
+        CheckpointInfo savedCheckpoint = checkpoints[CheckpointIndex];
 
         Checkpointed<StreamingRun> newCheckpointedRun = await InProcessExecution
             .StreamAsync(newWorkflow, NumberSignal.Init, checkpointManager)

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Checkpoint/CheckpointAndRehydrate/WorkflowHelper.cs

@@ -23,12 +23,10 @@ internal static class WorkflowHelper
         JudgeExecutor judgeExecutor = new(42);
 
         // Build the workflow by connecting executors in a loop
-        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(guessNumberExecutor)
+        return new WorkflowBuilder(guessNumberExecutor)
             .AddEdge(guessNumberExecutor, judgeExecutor)
             .AddEdge(judgeExecutor, guessNumberExecutor)
             .Build<NumberSignal>();
-
-        return workflow;
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,19 +92,15 @@ internal sealed class GuessNumberExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<GuessNumberExec
     /// Checkpoint the current state of the executor.
     /// This must be overridden to save any state that is needed to resume the executor.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
-        return context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, (this.LowerBound, this.UpperBound));
-    }
+    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
+        context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, (this.LowerBound, this.UpperBound));
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Restore the state of the executor from a checkpoint.
     /// This must be overridden to restore any state that was saved during checkpointing.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
+    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
         (this.LowerBound, this.UpperBound) = await context.ReadStateAsync<(int, int)>(StateKey).ConfigureAwait(false);
-    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -115,7 +109,7 @@ internal sealed class GuessNumberExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<GuessNumberExec
 internal sealed class JudgeExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>("Judge"), IMessageHandler<int>
 {
     private readonly int _targetNumber;
-    private int _tries = 0;
+    private int _tries;
     private const string StateKey = "JudgeExecutorState";
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -149,17 +143,13 @@ internal sealed class JudgeExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>("Judge
     /// Checkpoint the current state of the executor.
     /// This must be overridden to save any state that is needed to resume the executor.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
-        return context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, this._tries);
-    }
+    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
+        context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, this._tries);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Restore the state of the executor from a checkpoint.
     /// This must be overridden to restore any state that was saved during checkpointing.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
+    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
         this._tries = await context.ReadStateAsync<int>(StateKey).ConfigureAwait(false);
-    }
 }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Checkpoint/CheckpointAndResume/Program.cs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public static class Program
                 // Checkpoints are automatically created at the end of each super step when a
                 // checkpoint manager is provided. You can store the checkpoint info for later use.
                 CheckpointInfo? checkpoint = superStepCompletedEvt.CompletionInfo!.Checkpoint;
-                if (checkpoint != null)
+                if (checkpoint is not null)
                 {
                     checkpoints.Add(checkpoint);
                     Console.WriteLine($"** Checkpoint created at step {checkpoints.Count}.");
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ public static class Program
         Console.WriteLine($"Number of checkpoints created: {checkpoints.Count}");
 
         // Restoring from a checkpoint and resuming execution
-        var checkpointIndex = 5;
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n\nRestoring from the {checkpointIndex + 1}th checkpoint.");
-        CheckpointInfo savedCheckpoint = checkpoints[checkpointIndex];
+        const int CheckpointIndex = 5;
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n\nRestoring from the {CheckpointIndex + 1}th checkpoint.");
+        CheckpointInfo savedCheckpoint = checkpoints[CheckpointIndex];
         // Note that we are restoring the state directly to the same run instance.
         await checkpointedRun.RestoreCheckpointAsync(savedCheckpoint, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
         await foreach (WorkflowEvent evt in checkpointedRun.Run.WatchStreamAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Checkpoint/CheckpointAndResume/WorkflowHelper.cs

@@ -23,12 +23,10 @@ internal static class WorkflowHelper
         JudgeExecutor judgeExecutor = new(42);
 
         // Build the workflow by connecting executors in a loop
-        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(guessNumberExecutor)
+        return new WorkflowBuilder(guessNumberExecutor)
             .AddEdge(guessNumberExecutor, judgeExecutor)
             .AddEdge(judgeExecutor, guessNumberExecutor)
             .Build<NumberSignal>();
-
-        return workflow;
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,19 +92,15 @@ internal sealed class GuessNumberExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<GuessNumberExec
     /// Checkpoint the current state of the executor.
     /// This must be overridden to save any state that is needed to resume the executor.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
-        return context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, (this.LowerBound, this.UpperBound));
-    }
+    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
+        context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, (this.LowerBound, this.UpperBound));
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Restore the state of the executor from a checkpoint.
     /// This must be overridden to restore any state that was saved during checkpointing.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
+    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
         (this.LowerBound, this.UpperBound) = await context.ReadStateAsync<(int, int)>(StateKey).ConfigureAwait(false);
-    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -115,7 +109,7 @@ internal sealed class GuessNumberExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<GuessNumberExec
 internal sealed class JudgeExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>("Judge"), IMessageHandler<int>
 {
     private readonly int _targetNumber;
-    private int _tries = 0;
+    private int _tries;
     private const string StateKey = "JudgeExecutorState";
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -149,17 +143,13 @@ internal sealed class JudgeExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>("Judge
     /// Checkpoint the current state of the executor.
     /// This must be overridden to save any state that is needed to resume the executor.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
-        return context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, this._tries);
-    }
+    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
+        context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, this._tries);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Restore the state of the executor from a checkpoint.
     /// This must be overridden to restore any state that was saved during checkpointing.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
+    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
         this._tries = await context.ReadStateAsync<int>(StateKey).ConfigureAwait(false);
-    }
 }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Checkpoint/CheckpointWithHumanInTheLoop/Program.cs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public static class Program
                     // Checkpoints are automatically created at the end of each super step when a
                     // checkpoint manager is provided. You can store the checkpoint info for later use.
                     CheckpointInfo? checkpoint = superStepCompletedEvt.CompletionInfo!.Checkpoint;
-                    if (checkpoint != null)
+                    if (checkpoint is not null)
                     {
                         checkpoints.Add(checkpoint);
                         Console.WriteLine($"** Checkpoint created at step {checkpoints.Count}.");
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ public static class Program
         Console.WriteLine($"Number of checkpoints created: {checkpoints.Count}");
 
         // Restoring from a checkpoint and resuming execution
-        var checkpointIndex = 1;
-        Console.WriteLine($"\n\nRestoring from the {checkpointIndex + 1}th checkpoint.");
-        CheckpointInfo savedCheckpoint = checkpoints[checkpointIndex];
+        const int CheckpointIndex = 1;
+        Console.WriteLine($"\n\nRestoring from the {CheckpointIndex + 1}th checkpoint.");
+        CheckpointInfo savedCheckpoint = checkpoints[CheckpointIndex];
         // Note that we are restoring the state directly to the same run instance.
         await checkpointedRun.RestoreCheckpointAsync(savedCheckpoint, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
         await foreach (WorkflowEvent evt in checkpointedRun.Run.WatchStreamAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ public static class Program
             {
                 case NumberSignal.Init:
                     int initialGuess = ReadIntegerFromConsole("Please provide your initial guess: ");
-                    return request.CreateResponse<int>(initialGuess);
+                    return request.CreateResponse(initialGuess);
                 case NumberSignal.Above:
                     int lowerGuess = ReadIntegerFromConsole($"You previously guessed {signal.Number} too large. Please provide a new guess: ");
-                    return request.CreateResponse<int>(lowerGuess);
+                    return request.CreateResponse(lowerGuess);
                 case NumberSignal.Below:
                     int higherGuess = ReadIntegerFromConsole($"You previously guessed {signal.Number} too small. Please provide a new guess: ");
-                    return request.CreateResponse<int>(higherGuess);
+                    return request.CreateResponse(higherGuess);
             }
         }
 

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Checkpoint/CheckpointWithHumanInTheLoop/WorkflowHelper.cs

@@ -20,12 +20,10 @@ internal static class WorkflowHelper
         JudgeExecutor judgeExecutor = new(42);
 
         // Build the workflow by connecting executors in a loop
-        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(numberInputPort)
+        return new WorkflowBuilder(numberInputPort)
             .AddEdge(numberInputPort, judgeExecutor)
             .AddEdge(judgeExecutor, numberInputPort)
             .Build<SignalWithNumber>();
-
-        return workflow;
     }
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ internal sealed class SignalWithNumber
 internal sealed class JudgeExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>("Judge"), IMessageHandler<int>
 {
     private readonly int _targetNumber;
-    private int _tries = 0;
+    private int _tries;
     private const string StateKey = "JudgeExecutorState";
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -94,17 +92,13 @@ internal sealed class JudgeExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>("Judge
     /// Checkpoint the current state of the executor.
     /// This must be overridden to save any state that is needed to resume the executor.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
-        return context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, this._tries);
-    }
+    protected override ValueTask OnCheckpointingAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
+        context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(StateKey, this._tries);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Restore the state of the executor from a checkpoint.
     /// This must be overridden to restore any state that was saved during checkpointing.
     /// </summary>
-    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
-    {
+    protected override async ValueTask OnCheckpointRestoredAsync(IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellation = default) =>
         this._tries = await context.ReadStateAsync<int>(StateKey).ConfigureAwait(false);
-    }
 }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Concurrent/Program.cs

@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ public static class Program
         var aggregationExecutor = new ConcurrentAggregationExecutor();
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
-        WorkflowBuilder builder = new(startExecutor);
-        builder.AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, targets: [physicist, chemist]);
-        builder.AddFanInEdge(aggregationExecutor, sources: [physicist, chemist]);
-        var workflow = builder.Build<string>();
+        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(startExecutor)
+            .AddFanOutEdge(startExecutor, targets: [physicist, chemist])
+            .AddFanInEdge(aggregationExecutor, sources: [physicist, chemist])
+            .Build<string>();
 
         // Execute the workflow in streaming mode
         StreamingRun run = await InProcessExecution.StreamAsync(workflow, "What is temperature?");

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/ConditionalEdges/01_EdgeCondition/Program.cs

@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ public static class Program
         var handleSpamExecutor = new HandleSpamExecutor();
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
-        WorkflowBuilder builder = new(spamDetectionExecutor);
-        builder.AddEdge(spamDetectionExecutor, emailAssistantExecutor, condition: GetCondition(expectedResult: false));
-        builder.AddEdge(emailAssistantExecutor, sendEmailExecutor);
-        builder.AddEdge(spamDetectionExecutor, handleSpamExecutor, condition: GetCondition(expectedResult: true));
-        var workflow = builder.Build<ChatMessage>();
+        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(spamDetectionExecutor)
+            .AddEdge(spamDetectionExecutor, emailAssistantExecutor, condition: GetCondition(expectedResult: false))
+            .AddEdge(emailAssistantExecutor, sendEmailExecutor)
+            .AddEdge(spamDetectionExecutor, handleSpamExecutor, condition: GetCondition(expectedResult: true))
+            .Build<ChatMessage>();
 
         // Read a email from a text file
         string email = Resources.Read("spam.txt");
@@ -79,53 +79,34 @@ public static class Program
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="expectedResult">The expected spam detection result</param>
     /// <returns>A function that evaluates whether a message meets the expected result</returns>
-    private static Func<object?, bool> GetCondition(bool expectedResult)
-    {
-        return detectionResult =>
-        {
-            return detectionResult is DetectionResult result && result.IsSpam == expectedResult;
-        };
-    }
+    private static Func<object?, bool> GetCondition(bool expectedResult) =>
+        detectionResult => detectionResult is DetectionResult result && result.IsSpam == expectedResult;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates a spam detection agent.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for spam detection</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetSpamDetectionAgent(IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = "You are a spam detection assistant that identifies spam emails.";
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: instructions)
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetSpamDetectionAgent(IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: "You are a spam detection assistant that identifies spam emails.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(DetectionResult))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(DetectionResult)))
             }
-        };
-
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, agentOptions);
-    }
+        });
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates an email assistant agent.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for email assistance</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAssistantAgent(IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = "You are an email assistant that helps users draft responses to emails with professionalism.";
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: instructions)
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAssistantAgent(IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: "You are an email assistant that helps users draft responses to emails with professionalism.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailResponse))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailResponse)))
             }
-        };
-
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, agentOptions);
-    }
+        });
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -188,7 +169,7 @@ internal sealed class SpamDetectionExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<SpamDetectionEx
             EmailId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
             EmailContent = message.Text
         };
-        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync<Email>(newEmail.EmailId, newEmail, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
+        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(newEmail.EmailId, newEmail, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
 
         // Invoke the agent
         var response = await this._spamDetectionAgent.RunAsync(message);
@@ -252,10 +233,8 @@ internal sealed class SendEmailExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<SendEmailExecutor
     /// <summary>
     /// Simulate the sending of an email.
     /// </summary>
-    public async ValueTask HandleAsync(EmailResponse message, IWorkflowContext context)
-    {
+    public async ValueTask HandleAsync(EmailResponse message, IWorkflowContext context) =>
         await context.AddEventAsync(new WorkflowCompletedEvent($"Email sent: {message.Response}"));
-    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/ConditionalEdges/02_SwitchCase/Program.cs

@@ -94,53 +94,33 @@ public static class Program
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="expectedDecision">The expected spam detection decision</param>
     /// <returns>A function that evaluates whether a message meets the expected result</returns>
-    private static Func<object?, bool> GetCondition(SpamDecision expectedDecision)
-    {
-        return detectionResult =>
-        {
-            return detectionResult is DetectionResult result && result.spamDecision == expectedDecision;
-        };
-    }
+    private static Func<object?, bool> GetCondition(SpamDecision expectedDecision) => detectionResult => detectionResult is DetectionResult result && result.spamDecision == expectedDecision;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates a spam detection agent.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for spam detection</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetSpamDetectionAgent(IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = "You are a spam detection assistant that identifies spam emails. Be less confident in your assessments.";
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: instructions)
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetSpamDetectionAgent(IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: "You are a spam detection assistant that identifies spam emails. Be less confident in your assessments.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(DetectionResult))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(DetectionResult)))
             }
-        };
-
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, agentOptions);
-    }
+        });
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates an email assistant agent.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for email assistance</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAssistantAgent(IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = "You are an email assistant that helps users draft responses to emails with professionalism.";
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: instructions)
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAssistantAgent(IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: "You are an email assistant that helps users draft responses to emails with professionalism.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailResponse))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailResponse)))
             }
-        };
-
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, agentOptions);
-    }
+        });
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -213,7 +193,7 @@ internal sealed class SpamDetectionExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<SpamDetectionEx
             EmailId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
             EmailContent = message.Text
         };
-        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync<Email>(newEmail.EmailId, newEmail, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
+        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(newEmail.EmailId, newEmail, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
 
         // Invoke the agent
         var response = await this._spamDetectionAgent.RunAsync(message);
@@ -276,10 +256,8 @@ internal sealed class SendEmailExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<SendEmailExecutor
     /// <summary>
     /// Simulate the sending of an email.
     /// </summary>
-    public async ValueTask HandleAsync(EmailResponse message, IWorkflowContext context)
-    {
+    public async ValueTask HandleAsync(EmailResponse message, IWorkflowContext context) =>
         await context.AddEventAsync(new WorkflowCompletedEvent($"Email sent: {message.Response}"));
-    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/ConditionalEdges/03_MultiSelection/Program.cs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public static class Program
         .AddEdge<AnalysisResult>(
             emailAnalysisExecutor,
             databaseAccessExecutor,
-            condition: analysisResult => analysisResult is not null && analysisResult.EmailLength <= LongEmailThreshold)
+            condition: analysisResult => analysisResult?.EmailLength <= LongEmailThreshold)
         // Save the analysis result to the database with summary
         .AddEdge(emailSummaryExecutor, databaseAccessExecutor);
         var workflow = builder.Build<ChatMessage>();
@@ -141,61 +141,40 @@ public static class Program
     /// Create an email analysis agent.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for email analysis</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAnalysisAgent(IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = "You are a spam detection assistant that identifies spam emails.";
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: instructions)
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAnalysisAgent(IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: "You are a spam detection assistant that identifies spam emails.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(AnalysisResult))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(AnalysisResult)))
             }
-        };
-
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, agentOptions);
-    }
+        });
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates an email assistant agent.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for email assistance</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAssistantAgent(IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = "You are an email assistant that helps users draft responses to emails with professionalism.";
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: instructions)
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailAssistantAgent(IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: "You are an email assistant that helps users draft responses to emails with professionalism.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailResponse))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailResponse)))
             }
-        };
-
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, agentOptions);
-    }
+        });
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates an agent that summarizes emails.
     /// </summary>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for email summarization</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailSummaryAgent(IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = "You are an assistant that helps users summarize emails.";
-        var agentOptions = new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: instructions)
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetEmailSummaryAgent(IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, new ChatClientAgentOptions(instructions: "You are an assistant that helps users summarize emails.")
         {
             ChatOptions = new()
             {
-                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormatJson.ForJsonSchema(
-                    schema: AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailSummary))
-                )
+                ResponseFormat = ChatResponseFormat.ForJsonSchema(AIJsonUtilities.CreateJsonSchema(typeof(EmailSummary)))
             }
-        };
-
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, agentOptions);
-    }
+        });
 }
 
 internal static class EmailStateConstants
@@ -271,7 +250,7 @@ internal sealed class EmailAnalysisExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<EmailAnalysisEx
             EmailId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
             EmailContent = message.Text
         };
-        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync<Email>(newEmail.EmailId, newEmail, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
+        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(newEmail.EmailId, newEmail, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
 
         // Invoke the agent
         var response = await this._emailAnalysisAgent.RunAsync(message);
@@ -335,10 +314,8 @@ internal sealed class SendEmailExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<SendEmailExecutor
     /// <summary>
     /// Simulate the sending of an email.
     /// </summary>
-    public async ValueTask HandleAsync(EmailResponse message, IWorkflowContext context)
-    {
+    public async ValueTask HandleAsync(EmailResponse message, IWorkflowContext context) =>
         await context.AddEventAsync(new WorkflowCompletedEvent($"Email sent: {message.Response}"));
-    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -437,7 +414,7 @@ internal sealed class DatabaseAccessExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<DatabaseAcce
     public async ValueTask HandleAsync(AnalysisResult message, IWorkflowContext context)
     {
         // 1. Save the email content
-        var email = await context.ReadStateAsync<Email>(message.EmailId, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
+        await context.ReadStateAsync<Email>(message.EmailId, scopeName: EmailStateConstants.EmailStateScope);
         await Task.Delay(100); // Simulate database access delay
 
         // 2. Save the analysis result

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Declarative/Program.cs

@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ internal sealed class Program
             {
                 Configuration = this.Configuration
             };
-        Workflow<string> workflow = DeclarativeWorkflowBuilder.Build<string>(this.WorkflowFile, options);
-        return workflow;
+
+        return DeclarativeWorkflowBuilder.Build<string>(this.WorkflowFile, options);
     }
 
     private const string DefaultWorkflow = "HelloWorld.yaml";
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ internal sealed class Program
                     Debug.WriteLine($"REQUEST #{requestInfo.Request.RequestId}");
                     if (response is not null)
                     {
-                        ExternalResponse requestResponse = requestInfo.Request.CreateResponse<InputResponse>(response);
+                        ExternalResponse requestResponse = requestInfo.Request.CreateResponse(response);
                         await run.Run.SendResponseAsync(requestResponse).ConfigureAwait(false);
                         response = null;
                     }
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ internal sealed class Program
     private static InputResponse HandleExternalRequest(ExternalRequest request)
     {
         InputRequest? message = request.Data.As<InputRequest>();
-        string? userInput = null;
+        string? userInput;
         do
         {
             Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.DarkGreen;

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/HumanInTheLoop/HumanInTheLoopBasic/Program.cs

@@ -52,18 +52,17 @@ public static class Program
     {
         if (request.DataIs<NumberSignal>())
         {
-            var signal = request.DataAs<NumberSignal>();
-            switch (signal)
+            switch (request.DataAs<NumberSignal>())
             {
                 case NumberSignal.Init:
                     int initialGuess = ReadIntegerFromConsole("Please provide your initial guess: ");
-                    return request.CreateResponse<int>(initialGuess);
+                    return request.CreateResponse(initialGuess);
                 case NumberSignal.Above:
                     int lowerGuess = ReadIntegerFromConsole("You previously guessed too large. Please provide a new guess: ");
-                    return request.CreateResponse<int>(lowerGuess);
+                    return request.CreateResponse(lowerGuess);
                 case NumberSignal.Below:
                     int higherGuess = ReadIntegerFromConsole("You previously guessed too small. Please provide a new guess: ");
-                    return request.CreateResponse<int>(higherGuess);
+                    return request.CreateResponse(higherGuess);
             }
         }
 

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/HumanInTheLoop/HumanInTheLoopBasic/WorkflowHelper.cs

@@ -19,12 +19,10 @@ internal static class WorkflowHelper
         JudgeExecutor judgeExecutor = new(42);
 
         // Build the workflow by connecting executors in a loop
-        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(numberInputPort)
+        return new WorkflowBuilder(numberInputPort)
             .AddEdge(numberInputPort, judgeExecutor)
             .AddEdge(judgeExecutor, numberInputPort)
             .Build<NumberSignal>();
-
-        return workflow;
     }
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ internal enum NumberSignal
 internal sealed class JudgeExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>("Judge"), IMessageHandler<int>
 {
     private readonly int _targetNumber;
-    private int _tries = 0;
+    private int _tries;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JudgeExecutor"/> class.

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/Loop/Program.cs

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ internal sealed class GuessNumberExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<GuessNumberExecut
 internal sealed class JudgeExecutor : ReflectingExecutor<JudgeExecutor>, IMessageHandler<int>
 {
     private readonly int _targetNumber;
-    private int _tries = 0;
+    private int _tries;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JudgeExecutor"/> class.

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/SharedStates/Program.cs

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ public static class Program
         var aggregate = new AggregationExecutor();
 
         // Build the workflow by connecting executors sequentially
-        WorkflowBuilder builder = new(fileRead);
-        builder.AddFanOutEdge(fileRead, targets: [wordCount, paragraphCount]);
-        builder.AddFanInEdge(aggregate, sources: [wordCount, paragraphCount]);
-        var workflow = builder.Build<string>();
+        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(fileRead)
+            .AddFanOutEdge(fileRead, targets: [wordCount, paragraphCount])
+            .AddFanInEdge(aggregate, sources: [wordCount, paragraphCount])
+            .Build<string>();
 
         // Execute the workflow with input data
         Run run = await InProcessExecution.RunAsync(workflow, "Lorem_Ipsum.txt");
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ internal sealed class FileReadExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<FileReadExecutor>(
         string fileContent = Resources.Read(message);
         // Store file content in a shared state for access by other executors
         string fileID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
-        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync<string>(fileID, fileContent, scopeName: FileContentStateConstants.FileContentStateScope);
+        await context.QueueStateUpdateAsync(fileID, fileContent, scopeName: FileContentStateConstants.FileContentStateScope);
 
         return fileID;
     }

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/01_ExecutorsAndEdges/Program.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
 using System;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Microsoft.Agents.Workflows;
 using Microsoft.Agents.Workflows.Reflection;
@@ -54,13 +55,8 @@ internal sealed class UppercaseExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<UppercaseExecutor
     /// <param name="message">The input text to convert</param>
     /// <param name="context">Workflow context for accessing workflow services and adding events</param>
     /// <returns>The input text converted to uppercase</returns>
-    public async ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context)
-    {
-        string result = message.ToUpperInvariant();
-
-        // The return value will be sent as a message along an edge to subsequent executors
-        return result;
-    }
+    public async ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context) =>
+        message.ToUpperInvariant(); // The return value will be sent as a message along an edge to subsequent executors
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -76,9 +72,7 @@ internal sealed class ReverseTextExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<ReverseTextExec
     /// <returns>The input text reversed</returns>
     public async ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context)
     {
-        char[] charArray = message.ToCharArray();
-        System.Array.Reverse(charArray);
-        string result = new(charArray);
+        string result = string.Concat(message.Reverse());
 
         // Signal that the workflow is complete
         await context.AddEventAsync(new WorkflowCompletedEvent(result)).ConfigureAwait(false);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/02_Streaming/Program.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
 using System;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Microsoft.Agents.Workflows;
 using Microsoft.Agents.Workflows.Reflection;
@@ -53,13 +54,8 @@ internal sealed class UppercaseExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<UppercaseExecutor
     /// <param name="message">The input text to convert</param>
     /// <param name="context">Workflow context for accessing workflow services and adding events</param>
     /// <returns>The input text converted to uppercase</returns>
-    public async ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context)
-    {
-        string result = message.ToUpperInvariant();
-
-        // The return value will be sent as a message along an edge to subsequent executors
-        return result;
-    }
+    public async ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context) =>
+        message.ToUpperInvariant(); // The return value will be sent as a message along an edge to subsequent executors
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -75,9 +71,7 @@ internal sealed class ReverseTextExecutor() : ReflectingExecutor<ReverseTextExec
     /// <returns>The input text reversed</returns>
     public async ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context)
     {
-        char[] charArray = message.ToCharArray();
-        System.Array.Reverse(charArray);
-        string result = new(charArray);
+        string result = string.Concat(message.Reverse());
 
         // Signal that the workflow is complete
         await context.AddEventAsync(new WorkflowCompletedEvent(result)).ConfigureAwait(false);

dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/03_AgentsInWorkflows/Program.cs

@@ -40,13 +40,14 @@ public static class Program
         AIAgent englishAgent = GetTranslationAgent("English", chatClient);
 
         // Build the workflow by adding executors and connecting them
-        WorkflowBuilder builder = new(frenchAgent);
-        builder.AddEdge(frenchAgent, spanishAgent);
-        builder.AddEdge(spanishAgent, englishAgent);
-        var workflow = builder.Build<ChatMessage>();
+        var workflow = new WorkflowBuilder(frenchAgent)
+            .AddEdge(frenchAgent, spanishAgent)
+            .AddEdge(spanishAgent, englishAgent)
+            .Build<ChatMessage>();
 
         // Execute the workflow
         StreamingRun run = await InProcessExecution.StreamAsync(workflow, new ChatMessage(ChatRole.User, "Hello World!"));
+
         // Must send the turn token to trigger the agents.
         // The agents are wrapped as executors. When they receive messages,
         // they will cache the messages and only start processing when they receive a TurnToken.
@@ -66,9 +67,6 @@ public static class Program
     /// <param name="targetLanguage">The target language for translation</param>
     /// <param name="chatClient">The chat client to use for the agent</param>
     /// <returns>A ChatClientAgent configured for the specified language</returns>
-    private static ChatClientAgent GetTranslationAgent(string targetLanguage, IChatClient chatClient)
-    {
-        string instructions = $"You are a translation assistant that translates the provided text to {targetLanguage}.";
-        return new ChatClientAgent(chatClient, instructions);
-    }
+    private static ChatClientAgent GetTranslationAgent(string targetLanguage, IChatClient chatClient) =>
+        new(chatClient, $"You are a translation assistant that translates the provided text to {targetLanguage}.");
 }