ci: pin third-party GitHub Actions to commit SHAs (#5972)

Replaces every floating tag in our workflow and composite action files
with an immutable 40-character commit SHA, keeping the original `# vX`
comment so Dependabot can still propose version bumps. 186 occurrences
across 25 workflows and 2 composite actions.

Also widens the github-actions Dependabot entry to use the plural
`directories` key with `/.github/actions/*` so composite actions under
`.github/actions/<name>/action.yml` are kept up to date. Previously
Dependabot only scanned `.github/workflows` and the repo-root
`action.yml`, leaving our `python-setup` and `sample-validation-setup`
composite actions unmaintained.

.github/workflows/python-docs.yml

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ jobs:
       run:
         working-directory: python
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6
       - name: Set up uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7
         with:
           version-file: "python/pyproject.toml"
           enable-cache: true