diff --git a/tests/skill/understand/test_extract_import_map.test.mjs b/tests/skill/understand/test_extract_import_map.test.mjs
index ee64136..e25a644 100644
--- a/tests/skill/understand/test_extract_import_map.test.mjs
+++ b/tests/skill/understand/test_extract_import_map.test.mjs
@@ -237,6 +237,150 @@ describe('extract-import-map.mjs — TypeScript / JavaScript resolver', () => {
       'packages/foo/src/y.ts',
     );
   });
+
+  // ── #294: NodeNext / ESM TypeScript `.js → .ts` rewrite ────────────────
+  //
+  // Under `moduleResolution: NodeNext`, TypeScript does NOT rewrite import
+  // specifiers during compilation — what you write in the .ts source is
+  // emitted verbatim. Because Node's ESM loader requires explicit file
+  // extensions at runtime, the TS source must already spell the import with
+  // the `.js` extension that will only be correct AFTER compilation:
+  //
+  //   import { x } from './config.js';   // on disk: config.ts
+  //
+  // Before the fix, every such import resolved to null, leaving ESM-TS
+  // projects with a near-edgeless knowledge graph.
+
+  it('resolves NodeNext .js → .ts relative imports (the main #294 case)', () => {
+    projectRoot = setupTree({
+      'src/index.ts': `import { resolveBackend } from './llm-backend-selector.js';\nimport { loadConfig } from './config.js';\n`,
+      'src/llm-backend-selector.ts': `export function resolveBackend() {}\n`,
+      'src/config.ts': `export function loadConfig() {}\n`,
+    });
+
+    const result = runScript(projectRoot, {
+      projectRoot,
+      files: [
+        { path: 'src/index.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/llm-backend-selector.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/config.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.output.importMap['src/index.ts']).toEqual([
+      'src/config.ts',
+      'src/llm-backend-selector.ts',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves NodeNext .jsx → .tsx and .mjs → .mts rewrites', () => {
+    projectRoot = setupTree({
+      'src/index.ts': `import Comp from './Comp.jsx';\nimport { fn } from './worker.mjs';\n`,
+      'src/Comp.tsx': `export default function Comp() {}\n`,
+      'src/worker.mts': `export function fn() {}\n`,
+    });
+
+    const result = runScript(projectRoot, {
+      projectRoot,
+      files: [
+        { path: 'src/index.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/Comp.tsx', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/worker.mts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.output.importMap['src/index.ts']).toEqual([
+      'src/Comp.tsx',
+      'src/worker.mts',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves to the .js when both .ts and .js exist on disk', () => {
+    // Rare but possible during a partial migration: both `config.ts` and
+    // `config.js` exist. An `import './config.js'` is an exact-disk match
+    // and should resolve to that exact file — the NodeNext rewrite only
+    // kicks in when the .js *doesn't* exist on disk. We assert this to
+    // pin the disambiguation and avoid future regressions where the rewrite
+    // accidentally prefers `.ts` over an existing `.js`.
+    projectRoot = setupTree({
+      'src/index.ts': `import { x } from './config.js';\n`,
+      'src/config.ts': `export const x = 1;\n`,
+      'src/config.js': `export const x = 1;\n`,
+    });
+
+    const result = runScript(projectRoot, {
+      projectRoot,
+      files: [
+        { path: 'src/index.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/config.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/config.js', language: 'javascript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.output.importMap['src/index.ts']).toEqual(['src/config.js']);
+  });
+
+  it('still resolves traditional .js → .js imports unchanged', () => {
+    // The rewrite must not break the case where `.js` IS the real file on
+    // disk (pure JavaScript projects, untyped libraries).
+    projectRoot = setupTree({
+      'src/index.js': `import { x } from './util.js';\n`,
+      'src/util.js': `export const x = 1;\n`,
+    });
+
+    const result = runScript(projectRoot, {
+      projectRoot,
+      files: [
+        { path: 'src/index.js', language: 'javascript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/util.js', language: 'javascript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.output.importMap['src/index.js']).toEqual(['src/util.js']);
+  });
+
+  it('leaves the historical "no extension" probe behaviour intact', () => {
+    // An import like `./utils` (no extension) must still go through the
+    // append-extensions loop and resolve to `./utils.ts` — the new rewrite
+    // path is only triggered when the import already ends with a compiled
+    // extension.
+    projectRoot = setupTree({
+      'src/index.ts': `import { foo } from './utils';\n`,
+      'src/utils.ts': `export function foo() {}\n`,
+    });
+
+    const result = runScript(projectRoot, {
+      projectRoot,
+      files: [
+        { path: 'src/index.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+        { path: 'src/utils.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.output.importMap['src/index.ts']).toEqual(['src/utils.ts']);
+  });
+
+  it('returns null (no resolution) for a .js import whose .ts source is missing', () => {
+    // The rewrite must NOT silently invent a target when neither the .js nor
+    // the .ts file exists. The old behaviour would also return null for this
+    // case — we're verifying the rewrite path doesn't regress it.
+    projectRoot = setupTree({
+      'src/index.ts': `import './completely-missing.js';\n`,
+    });
+
+    const result = runScript(projectRoot, {
+      projectRoot,
+      files: [{ path: 'src/index.ts', language: 'typescript', fileCategory: 'code' }],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.output.importMap['src/index.ts']).toEqual([]);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('extract-import-map.mjs — Python resolver', () => {
diff --git a/understand-anything-plugin/skills/understand/extract-import-map.mjs b/understand-anything-plugin/skills/understand/extract-import-map.mjs
index 6c547d3..42dd7d4 100644
--- a/understand-anything-plugin/skills/understand/extract-import-map.mjs
+++ b/understand-anything-plugin/skills/understand/extract-import-map.mjs
@@ -369,15 +369,55 @@ const TS_EXT_PROBES = [
   '/index.ts', '/index.tsx', '/index.js', '/index.jsx',
 ];
 
+/**
+ * NodeNext / Node16 / Bundler-with-explicit-extensions ESM TypeScript convention:
+ * TypeScript does NOT rewrite import specifiers during compilation, so source
+ * files import their COMPILED specifier (`./config.js`) even when only
+ * `./config.ts` exists on disk. We map each compiled-output extension to the
+ * TS source extensions that could have produced it, in priority order.
+ *
+ * Without this rewrite, ESM-TS projects (which is now the default for any new
+ * TS project) end up with a near-edgeless knowledge graph because every
+ * project-internal import fails to resolve. (#294)
+ */
+const NODENEXT_REWRITES = {
+  '.js': ['.ts', '.tsx', '.js', '.jsx'],
+  '.jsx': ['.tsx', '.jsx'],
+  '.mjs': ['.mts', '.mjs', '.ts'],
+  '.cjs': ['.cts', '.cjs', '.ts'],
+};
+
 /**
  * Try ext probes against the file set for the given base path. Returns the
  * first matching project-relative path, or null. If the base path already has
  * a code extension AND exists in the file set, returns it directly.
+ *
+ * For NodeNext-style imports (`./foo.js` where only `./foo.ts` exists), apply
+ * the source-extension rewrite — see NODENEXT_REWRITES above.
  */
 function probeWithExtensions(basePath, fileSet) {
   if (!basePath) return null;
-  // Exact match (import already had an extension)
+  // Exact match (import already had an extension that resolves on disk)
   if (fileSet.has(basePath)) return basePath;
+
+  // NodeNext rewrite: if the basePath ends with a compiled-output extension
+  // but no such file exists, try the corresponding source extensions. We do
+  // this BEFORE the legacy "append extensions" loop because for an import
+  // like `./foo.js`, appending `.ts` would produce `foo.js.ts` (always wrong)
+  // while the correct candidate is `foo.ts`.
+  for (const [outExt, srcExts] of Object.entries(NODENEXT_REWRITES)) {
+    if (!basePath.endsWith(outExt)) continue;
+    const stem = basePath.slice(0, -outExt.length);
+    for (const srcExt of srcExts) {
+      const candidate = stem + srcExt;
+      if (fileSet.has(candidate)) return candidate;
+    }
+    // The basePath had an explicit compiled extension — don't fall through
+    // to the "append extensions" loop, which would produce nonsense like
+    // `foo.js.ts`. If NodeNext rewrite didn't find anything, return null.
+    return null;
+  }
+
   for (const ext of TS_EXT_PROBES) {
     const candidate = basePath + ext;
     if (fileSet.has(candidate)) return candidate;